Question and Answer of SAD

[Year]

1. What is user interface design?

Ans- User interface (UI) design is the process of creating interfaces for software
applications or systems that are visually appealing, intuitive to use, and effectively
communicate with users. It involves designing the layout, visual elements, and
interactive components of an interface to optimize user experience and satisfaction.
2. What is the real time system?
Ans- A real time system describes an interactive processing system with severe time
limitations. A real time system is used when there are rigid time requirements on the
flow of data. A real time System is considered to function correctly only if it returns
the correct result within imposed time constraints. There are two types of Real Time
systems. They are :
• Hard Real Time Systems:- which guarantee that critical tasks are completed on
time.
• Soft Real Time Systems:- which are less restrictive type of real time systems where
a critical real time task gets priority over other tasks, and retains the priority until it
completes them. Systems that control scientific experiments, medical imaging
systems, industrial control systems and some display systems are real time systems.
3. Write any five task performed by the system analyst.
Ans- Certainly! Here are five tasks typically performed by a system analyst:

1. *Requirement Gathering and Analysis*: System analysts collect and analyze user
requirements by conducting interviews, surveys, and workshops with stakeholders
to understand their needs and objectives for the system.

2. *System Design and Modeling*: System analysts design system architectures,

workflows, and data models based on the gathered requirements, using techniques
such as data flow diagrams, entity-relationship diagrams, and UML diagrams.

3. *Feasibility Studies*: System analysts conduct feasibility studies to assess the

technical, economic, operational, and schedule feasibility of proposed system
projects, helping stakeholders make informed decisions about project viability.

4. *System Testing and Validation*: System analysts develop test plans, test cases,
and scenarios to validate system functionalities and ensure that they meet specified
requirements. They also participate in system testing and debugging activities to
identify and fix errors or defects.
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5. *User Training and Support*: System analysts provide training and support to end-
users to help them understand and effectively use the system. They may develop
user manuals, training materials, and conduct training sessions to facilitate the
adoption of new systems and technologies.
4. What do you mean by initial investigation?
Ans- Initial investigation, also known as preliminary investigation, refers to the first
phase of system analysis and design process where the need for a new system or
system improvement is identified and evaluated. It involves gathering information,
analyzing requirements, and assessing the feasibility of the proposed project. The
main objectives of initial investigation include:

1. Identifying and defining the problem or opportunity that the proposed system
aims to address.
2. Conducting a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of the proposed project in
terms of technical, economic, operational, and schedule feasibility.
3. Gathering initial information about the current system (if applicable), business
processes, requirements, and user needs.
4. Exploring alternative solutions or approaches to addressing the identified problem
or opportunity.
5. Making a preliminary recommendation on whether to proceed with the project,
modify the scope, or abandon the initiative altogether.

Overall, initial investigation sets the foundation for the subsequent phases of system
analysis and design, helping stakeholders make informed decisions about project
planning and execution.
5. Write the principle of good form design.
Ans- The principles of good form design include:

1. *Clarity*: Ensure that the form is easy to understand and navigate, with clear
labels, instructions, and layouts.

2. *Simplicity*: Keep the form simple and concise, avoiding unnecessary fields or
elements that may confuse or overwhelm users.

3. *Consistency*: Maintain consistency in design elements such as colors, fonts,

spacing, and alignment throughout the form to create a cohesive user interface.
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4. *Efficiency*: Design the form to minimize user effort and time required to
complete tasks, with logical flow and minimal data entry requirements.

5. *Relevance*: Include only necessary fields and information on the form, focusing
on collecting data that is relevant to the task or process at hand.

6. *Accessibility*: Ensure that the form is accessible to all users, including those with
disabilities, by providing alternative input methods, clear instructions, and accessible
design elements.

7. *Error Handling*: Implement error prevention and validation mechanisms to help

users correct mistakes and provide clear feedback on form submission errors.

8. *Scalability*: Design the form to accommodate future growth and changes in data
requirements, with flexibility to add or modify fields as needed without disrupting
usability.

Following these principles helps create user-friendly, efficient, and effective forms
that enhance user experience and promote successful data collection and
processing.
6. What is system documentation?
Ans- It is process of collecting, organizing, storing and maintaining records of
program and other document used or prepaired during the different phases of the
life cycle of the software. Documentation is a description of the system used to
communicate, struct and record information for operational or reference purposes.
7. What do you mean by open and close system?
Ans- Open System is a system within its environment. It receives input from
environment and provides output to environment. Example: Any real life system,
Information System, Organization etc.
Closed System: It is isolated from environment influences. It operates on factors
within the System itself. It is also defined as a System that includes a feedback loop,
a control element and feedback performance standard.
8. What is iconic menu?
Ans- An iconic menu is a user interface design that uses graphical icons instead of
text labels to represent menu options or functions.
9. What is EDP?
Ans- EDP stands for Electronic Data Processing. It refers to the automated processing
of data using electronic devices such as computers, servers, and other digital
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systems. EDP involves inputting, processing, storing, and outputting data

electronically to support various business operations, decision-making processes,
and information management tasks within an organization.
10. What is system testing?
Ans- System testing is a phase of software testing where the entire integrated
system is tested as a whole to ensure that it meets specified requirements and
functions correctly in the intended environment. It verifies that all components of
the system work together as expected and that the system behaves according to
user expectations.
11. What is a system?
Ans- System is a word derived from the Greek word ‘Systema’ which means an
organized relationship among components. A System may be defined as orderly
grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to
achieve a specific goal. Each component is a part of total system and it has to do its
own share of work for the system to achieve the desired goal.
12. What is SDLC?
Ans- The SDLC is a conceptual model used in project management that describe the
stages involve in an information system development project from an initial
feasibility study through maintenance of the complete application. The period of
time that begins when a system is fully operational for use and gets maintained is
called the development life cycle of a system.
13. What is feasibility study?
Ans- A feasibility study is undertaken to determine the possibility of either improving
the existing system or developing a completely new system.
This study help to obtain an overview of the problem and to get rough assessment of
whether feasible solution.
14. What do you mean by system Analysis?
Ans- The analysis phase is the detailed understanding of all important facts of the
business area under investigation. The relationships of the various system
components among themselves and with environments are study and understood
this requires data collection from a variety of sources for this quistionnairs, forms,
interviews, study of existing documents records etc are used.
15. What is meant by analyst user interface?
16. What are the different phases fact fonding?
17. What basic rules are needed in construct a DFD?
18. List out various input devices for feeding the raw data into the system.
19. Explain briefly the objective of input design.
20. What is the importance of colour in screen design?
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21. What is data dictionary?

Ans- A data dictionary is a centralized repository that contains detailed descriptions
of all data elements used within a system, including their names, definitions,
attributes, and relationships. It serves as a reference guide for understanding and
managing data throughout the system development lifecycle. Data dictionaries
provide a standardized and structured way to document and organize data
elements, ensuring consistency and accuracy in data definitions and usage across the
system. They are essential for facilitating communication between stakeholders,
ensuring data integrity, and promoting effective data management practices.
22. List various components of a system?
Ans- Various components of a system-
1-
23. What do you mean by system? Define it.
Ans- System is a word derived from the Greek word ‘Systema’ which means an
organized relationship among components. A System may be defined as orderly
grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to
achieve a specific goal. Each component is a part of total system and it has to do its
own share of work for the system to achieve the desired goal.
24. List the various structured analysis tools.
25. What is the use of feasibility study?
26. How testing is different from debugging?
27. What is the need for system maintenance?
28. Define EDP?
29. What is the purpose of interview?
30. What is pseudo codes?
31. What is a system?
Ans- System is a word derived from the Greek word ‘Systema’ which means an
organized relationship among components. A System may be defined as orderly
grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to
achieve a specific goal. Each component is a part of total system and it has to do its
own share of work for the system to achieve the desired goal.
32. What are the various elements of system?
33. Explain feasibility report.
34. What is system maintenance?
35. What is EDP?
36. Explain system proposal.
37. What is planning?
38. What is programming standards?
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39. What is user manual?

40. Explain system performance constraints.
41. Define system boundaries.
Ans- System boundaries define the limits or scope of a system, delineating what is
included within the system and what is external to it. These boundaries help clarify
the interactions and relationships between the system and its environment,
specifying what inputs the system receives, what processes it performs, and what
outputs it produces. System boundaries are essential for understanding the context
in which the system operates and for defining its requirements, functionalities, and
interfaces with other systems or components. They serve as a reference point for
system analysis, design, and development activities, ensuring that the system's
scope is well-defined and understood by stakeholders.
42. What do you mean by open and close system?
Ans- Open System is a system within its environment. It receives input from
environment and provides output to environment. Example: Any real life system,
Information System, Organization etc.
Closed System: It is isolated from environment influences. It operates on factors
within the System itself. It is also defined as a System that includes a feedback loop,
a control element and feedback performance standard.
43. Information system.
44. Explain the basic principal of successful system.
45. Define and discuss the element of system.
46. What is the most important attribute of a system analysis?
Ans- The most important attribute of system analysis is understanding. It involves
comprehensively grasping the needs, requirements, constraints, and objectives of
the system being analyzed. This understanding forms the foundation for making
informed decisions, designing effective solutions, and ensuring that the system
meets its intended purpose and delivers value to stakeholders.
47. What is Gant chart?
Ans- A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule, showing
the start and finish dates of various tasks or activities. It provides a visual
representation of the project timeline, with tasks listed on the vertical axis and time
intervals on the horizontal axis. Each task is represented by a horizontal bar, the
length of which corresponds to the duration of the task, and its position indicates
when it starts and ends. Gantt charts help project managers and teams visualize
project progress, dependencies between tasks, and identify potential scheduling
conflicts. They are commonly used in project management to plan, track, and
communicate project schedules effectively.
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48. What is quality assurance in SAD?

Ans- Quality assurance in System Analysis and Design (SAD) ensures that the
software being developed meets specified quality standards and requirements.
49. Explain Data dictionary.
Ans- A data dictionary is a centralized repository that contains detailed descriptions
of all data elements used within a system, including their names, definitions,
attributes, and relationships. It serves as a reference guide for understanding and
managing data throughout the system development lifecycle. Data dictionaries
provide a standardized and structured way to document and organize data
elements, ensuring consistency and accuracy in data definitions and usage across the
system. They are essential for facilitating communication between stakeholders,
ensuring data integrity, and promoting effective data management practices.
50. What are the principal of good form design?
Ans- The principles of good form design include clarity, simplicity, consistency,
efficiency, relevance, accessibility, error handling, scalability, and security.
51. Define system testing.
Ans- System testing is a phase of software testing where the entire integrated
system is tested as a whole to ensure that it meets specified requirements and
functions correctly in the intended environment. It verifies that all components of
the system work together as expected and that the system behaves according to
user expectations.
52. Explain Flow Chart.
Ans-
 Digrametic representation of an algorithm is called flow chart.
 A flow chart is a graphical representation of the sequence of operation for
the solution of a problem.
 Flow chart using box of different shapes to denote different types of
instruction.
 These box are connected by solid lines, having arrow, marks to indicate the
flow of operation, the exact sequence in which the instruction are to be
executed.
53. Describe user interface design.
Ans- User interface (UI) design is the process of creating interfaces for software
applications or systems that are visually appealing, intuitive to use, and effectively
communicate with users. It involves designing the layout, visual elements, and
interactive components of an interface to optimize user experience and satisfaction.