Introduction:

Out of its population of 115 million people, 60 million people (52% of the population) lack access to safe
water and 43 million people (37%) lack access to a safe toilet. Despite its growing economy, the
Philippines faces significant challenges in terms of water and sanitation access. [1]

The world is facing numerous environmental challenges, including water scarcity and the need for
sustainable agriculture. Here in the Philippines, water shortage is a major problems specially in hot
wheather. In this context, the efficient use of water resources in agriculture is of utmost importance. One
way to address this issue is through the development of automated systems that can monitor and control
the watering of plants.

Indoor plants are costly depending on the type of plant. This study targets the people in urban areas.
People who always get out of town is the market of this study. This will greatly help those who has no
time in managing their indoor plants. In addition, this is also helpful for those buildings that has no
regular maintenance personnel like elementary school, program halls and others.

The purpose of this project is to design and implement an automatic plant watering system using Arduino.
The Arduino platform provides a flexible and cost-effective solution for building such systems. By
integrating sensors, actuators, and a microcontroller, the system can monitor the moisture level of the soil
and adjust the watering accordingly.

The system will consist of several components, including soil moisture sensors, liquid pump with tubing,
USB adapter, and an Arduino board. The moisture sensors will be placed in the soil near the plant roots to
measure the moisture content. Based on these measurements, the Arduino board will determine whether
the plants need watering or not. If the moisture level is below a certain threshold, the water pump will be
activated to provide water to the plants. Once the moisture level reaches the desired level, the pump will
be turned off.

The advantages of this automated system are numerous. Firstly, it eliminates the need for manual
watering, saving time and effort for the plant caretaker. Secondly, it ensures that the plants receive the
right amount of water, preventing both over-watering and under-watering. This can lead to improved
plant health and increased crop yield.

In this project, we will explore the design and implementation of the automatic plant watering system
using Arduino. We will discuss the selection and integration of the various components, as well as the
programming logic required for the system to function effectively. We will also conduct experiments to
evaluate the performance of the system in terms of water efficiency and plant growth.
The results of this research will contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture practices by
providing a practical solution for automated plant watering. The system can be implemented in various
setting, especially indoor plants. By reducing water waste and promoting efficient water usage, this
technology can play a crucial role in conserving water resources and ensuring food security in the face of
climate change and population growth.

Statement of Requirements

In general, the objectives of this project is to less the work of an individual. These project "Automatic
watering plant system" has a device that automatically activate the water pump to water the plant.

○To build Automatic watering plant system in the inside of the house are the following devices:

1. Arduino uno

2. Soil moisture sensors

3. Liquid pump with tubing

4. USB adapter

5. LED's

6. Bread board

○To develop new way of watering the plants.

○To ensure efficient of irrigation and reduced run-off of water.

•To lessen the workload of the user.

•To be more convenient and less- hassle.

•To solve the concern of the user about their plant when they leave their place.

Scope and limitation

This study focused on automatic indoor watering system. A simple indoor watering system with moisture
detection focuses on providing automated watering based on soil moisture levels. The system
incorporates a moisture content. When the soil dries out below a fixed limit, the system triggers watering
to ensure plants receive sufficient moisture.

The scope of this automatic plant watering system is limited to only one small to medium-sized (10
centimeter to 20 centimeter) household plants. It will not be able to handle large, water-intensive plants.
Moreover, energy efficiency is a key consideration in the system's design. It operates efficiently to save
energy and water resources, ensuring that watering is done effectively.

The materials used to build the system are a trasparent plastic container, HAHAHAHAHAHA

Given that our project doesn't adjust to the plant's water requirements, we specifically chose plants that
will fit to our project. The following plants requires the same amount of water for it to grow, so through
the project, we'll only be focusing to these plants. We also consider choosing plants with the same or
almost the same size when grown according to the size of our project. According to the study [2], Pothos,
peace lily, rubber tree, snake plant, philodendron, zz plant, aloe vera, spider plant, swiss cheese plant,
sword fern, chamedorea seifrizii, cactus, dracaena, fiddle-leaf fig, anthurium, aglaonema romeo, lucky
bamboo, broadleaf lady palm, areca palm, arrowhead plant, chinese evergreen, jade plant, money tree.

One of the primary limitations of this study is the system can only monitor soil moisture levels and water
the plant accordingly It doesn't include additional features like temperature monitoring or growth
tracking. The moisture sensor's range might be limited to a specific depth or area around the plant's roots,
potentially leading to uneven watering. Also, it may lead to over watering if the sensor fails to detect
moisture level. Moreover, maintenance and monitoring in this system is required

The exactness of the moisture sensor is for the effectiveness of system. If the sensor malfunctions it can
lead to improper watering. Also,automatic indoor watering plants system may not be suitable for all
types of indoor plants. Some plants have specific watering needs that cannot depend on soil moisture
levels.

Significance of the study

The " Automatic Plant Watering System" can be beneficial to the following:

Homeowners with Indoor Plants:

The system provides convenience for homeowners who have indoor plants. It lessens the need for manual
watering, saving time and effort. Homeowners can be assured that their indoor plants are receiving the
right amount of water, even when they are away or unable to tend to the plants regularly.

Individuals with Busy Schedules:

 For individuals with busy schedules, it can be challenging to consistently water indoor plants. The
automated system ensures that indoor plants receive the appropriate amount of water, even when the
homeowner is occupied with other responsibilities.

Individuals with Limited Gardening Experience:

Indoor gardening can be intimidating for those with limited gardening experience. The automated
watering system ensuring that indoor plants receive the right amount of water for optimal growth.

Individuals with Limited Mobility or Disabilities:

Manual watering can be physically challenging for some individuals, making it difficult to care for
indoor plants. The automated system allows these individuals to engage in indoor gardening activities
more easily.

RRL- Local

Microcontroller-based Irrigation System for Experimental Design of Mung Bean Sprouts Cultivation [3].

The inadequate supply of fresh mung bean sprouts of a certain fast food restaurant in the Philippines is
primarily due to their conventional method of sprouting mung beans. The traditional method employs
excessive and improper timing of watering that results to unhealthy mung bean sprouts and unpleasant
smell in the vessels. Through the use of automated irrigation system based on microcontroller, it assures
the accurate timing and amount of watering. Temperature, amount of water and watering frequency are
the factors established that contributes to the growth of mung bean sprouts. The experimental set up
contains vessels with dimension of 4.5 × 6 inches each. In addition, the samples are 50 grams per vessel
and soaked first for 12 hours and drained. Using design of experiment three factorial interaction approach
run in design expert software, the relation of three factors are analyzed. The plot of residuals forms
approximately a straight line indicating that it does not violate the normality assumption of ANOVA.
Using ANOVA, the amount of water and water frequency are determined to be the significant factors.
Finally, a regression model is extracted to make predictions of the response for given levels of each
factor.

Smart Irrigation Framework Using Arduino for an Improved Abaca Farming System [4].

Being newly renowned as the Abaca Capital of the Philippines, Catanduanes must ensure the
sustainability of producing quality abaca fibers for the province's economic growth. Farming factors hold
immense weight in the end production of any plant and with the great unpredictability brought by the
province's uncontrolled abaca plantation environments and onslaught of typhoons, producing quality
abaca yields pose quite a challenge to its farmers. This paper presents a framework to integrate a smart
farming irrigation system using Arduino and sensors to detect the soil moisture, soil pH, and temperature
levels for conducive farming of abaca in Catanduanes. The framework also includes a system-level
architecture of a web-based system that would allow the abaca farmers to view the sensor and event
trigger logs of the irrigation system. This study likewise presents results of the developed framework's
evaluation by pre-determined stakeholders and technical experts to identify the level of feasibility,
viability, and desirability of its development and implementation in Virac, Catanduanes.

PHYTO: An IoT urban gardening mobile app [5].

Urban gardening has taken the interest of people in the Philippines. Due to several reasons, such as better
quality of produce, less expensive alternative, and with the accessibility of the Internet, it has been made
possible for people to gain the information they need for gardening and equipment. The recent
advancement and dependence on the Internet today, allowed the development of Internet of things (IoT).
With IoT, it is possible to connect anything to the "cloud" using hardware such as a microcontroller units.
Application of this technology could be seen from agriculture, manufacturing, health and home security.
This study focused on the integration of urban agriculture on indoor gardening. The developed system
provided plant owners and enthusiasts a possible way of monitoring plants' condition in an indoor setup
through a mobile application. The mobile application gives updates and information, such as light and
water plant needs, through the use of microcontroller unit sensors and other components. Sensors used
and connected to the indoor plants provide information like the indoor temperature and humidity, plant's
soil moisture and the water level of the water source. By using a mobile application, analysis of the plant
conditions can be determined and known by the plant owners through a connection with the cloud. This
study shows that the developed system is highly recommended as a means of alternative urban gardening
and has a high commercial viability.

A fuzzy rule-based approach for automatic irrigation system through controlled soil moisture
measurement [6].

Soil moisture volume is the greatest attribute of soil. Irrigated farms rely on controlling the two
fundamental raw materials; water and soil. Putting excessive water enlarges the pumping costs,
decreasing the water effects to the soil, and cause contamination or pollutant. The study aims to develop
an irrigation water management system that controls the volume and frequency of irrigation water applied
to the soil and to use low-cost sensor device that measures the soil moisture level accurately like the high
price sensor in the market. The FC-28 soil moisture sensor was also validated conducting (60) sixty trials
with different soil and the readings are the same for soil moisture measurement devices in the market.
Based on the testing, the whole system resulted in a 100% success rate in system and functionality testing.
This study proves that the automatic irrigation system controlled by soil moisture sensor is efficiently and
accurately.

A Portable Solar-Powered Generating Apparatus for Irrigation System of Small Scale Farming “Tubig at
Ilaw Mula sa Araw” [7].
This study was concentrated on the performance of a portable solar-powered apparatus for water pumping
systems intended for small irrigation, safe drinking water, sanitation water supply, and wide variety of
lighting, ventilating and charging applications. This is a 4 in 1 apparatus which answers to the biggest
challenge facing the world today which is Energy Independence and Food Production (EIFP). The project
was evaluated along design, construction, efficiency, acceptability, functionality, affordability and safety.

The Project Development Method (PDM) was used in making the project. The descriptive-evaluative
research design was applied to test its performance. There were one 140 respondents of the study. The
fivepoint Likert’s Scale and WAM were applied to interpret the equivalent meanings of the data gathered.
Likewise, the ANOVA was used to determine the significant difference between the responses of the four
groups of respondents.

RRL- international

Development of a solar-powered system for soil monitoring with an automated irrigation feature [8].

This study focuses on the development of a solar-powered system with an automated irrigation feature for
soil monitoring. The project aims to design and develop a solar-powered system with at least 2 days of
autonomy that integrates soil monitoring, irrigation, and solar management functions using a
microcontroller-based platform. The system comprises essential components such as a humidity sensor
for measuring atmospheric water content and a soil moisture sensor for evaluating soil moisture levels.
These sensors are meticulously calibrated to ensure accurate assessment of soil conditions. To maintain
uninterrupted timekeeping, a real-time clock is implemented, even during power outages. The system
utilizes an Arduino microcontroller as the central hub for implementing a programmed algorithm. During
specific time intervals (6:00 am - 6:30 am, 12:00 pm - 12:30 pm, and 6:00 pm - 6:30 pm), the system
actively monitors soil moisture and humidity levels. When either of these levels drops below a predefined
threshold, the algorithm triggers a relay module to establish a connection between the microcontroller and
water pumps. Controlled by the microcontroller, the water pumps deliver water to the plants until the
desired moisture level is reached, after which they automatically turn off. By combining solar power, soil
monitoring, and automated irrigation, this technology represents a significant advancement in promoting
efficient and eco-friendly farming practices. Its primary objectives include optimizing crop yield,
conserving water resources, addressing challenges associated with conventional methods, and
contributing to a more sustainable future.

Intelligent Water Control System for Agriculture Monitoring with Mobile Application [9].

This research paper presents an intelligent watering system with a mobile application to provide an
automated and efficient way of watering plants. The system was designed to be cost-effective, power-
efficient, dependable, and adaptable. The system consists of a soil moisture sensor, a water pump, a water
tank, and a mobile application. The water pump moves water from the water tank to the soil, and the soil
moisture sensor tracks the moisture in the soil. The system comes with a mobile app that can track the
temperature of a specific area, the moisture level of the soil for the vegetable crops, and the water level of
the tank. Results of the study showed that the system was able to reliably detect soil moisture levels and
provide an effective method of watering plants. The user survey revealed high acceptability of the system.
Hence, the use of this efficient and cost-effective intelligent watering system with a mobile application
can greatly benefit the agricultural sector.

Advanced Automated Greenhouse System Designed to Implement Automation Controlling

Environmental Air and Soil Entities [10].

Agriculture and gardening are difficult to sustain in the modern world. Humans are organizing robots to
perform their duties, but the robots are now taking control. The world is evolving toward self-sufficiency
so that people can enjoy their spare time. This research offers an advanced automated greenhouse system
that performs selfsustaining harvesting and gathers data from sensors to ensure that. Integrated sensors,
such as the DHT11, YL-69, and LDR, measure the ambient humidity, temperature, soil moisture, and
light intensity and transmit the signal, allowing the system to operate independently. This enhances
photosynthesis and transpiration, which leads to improved plant development. It can assist in gathering
data for more agricultural research because it continuously updates its database with information on
environmental entities. For the purpose of controlling the humidity, temperature, and soil moisture,
actuators such as servo motors (SG-90), water pumps (6V), and DC motors are employed with L298N
motor drivers. In a world without human connection, this study briefly discusses gardening and
greenhouse systems.

Design and implementation of an automated irrigation control system for optimal water usage and
enhanced agricultural productivity [11].

Irrigation of crops is essential for profitable crop production in most arid regions. The “million dollar”
question is: when to water, and how much water is needed? The answer to this question lies in the
development of innovative ways of irrigation control. In most irrigation installations in developing
countries, the trend is to irrigate or to water the crop at the farmer’s hunch without relying on scientific
data. They do not use accurate data logging systems that gather data about the condition of the crop. This
traditional approach of irrigation results in too much or too little water being delivered to the crop
resulting in crop stress and reduced yield. This document outlines the design, development and
implementation of a ‘smart’ and innovative automatic irrigation control system with Internet capability.
The system makes use of accurate scientific methods of finding out if plants need water. If plants are
found to be in need of water, the controller automatically triggers the system to deliver the right amounts
of water to the crop. The design employs the Internet of Things (IoT) applications to automatically
connect and download weather data and weather-forecast information from the OpenWeatherMap
Internet server. The OpenWeatherMap is a Meteorological services provider company which is situated in
London in the United Kingdom. OpenWeatherMap collects, stores and automatically disseminates on
request, weather data about any geographical location in the world over the Internet. Through the
automatic irrigation control system, the farmer is able to receive weather updates and weather forecast
information covering the next thirteen days. The received weather data comprises ambient temperature,
barometric pressure, ambient humidity, wind speed, sunrise and sunset times. The automatic irrigation
control system’s ability to combine data from agricultural sensors and weather forecast information
available on the Internet allows for optimisation of irrigation activities, thereby saving water and
improving crop yield. To cater for situations where there are internet outages, the system has an in-built
mini-weather station which measures local ambient temperature, ambient humidity and barometric
pressure. The Internet capability of the system also enables the manufacturer to easily render remote
technical assistance to the farmer. The system allows the farmer to use a smartphone or a personal
computer to remotely monitor system parameters and crop performance from anywhere in the world
through the Internet. The prototype was subjected to several validation tests and the results suggest that
the system may reduce irrigation water consumption by 26%. It was concluded that the smart automatic
irrigation control system results in optimised water usage and increased crop yield.

Conceptual Analysis and Prototypical Design of a Smart Solar Water Pumping System for Irrigation:
Case Study of a Farm in the Gambia [12].

Food, water and energy are essential components in our daily lives. Often conflicts arise due to the
availability of space for the production and management of all three on the same piece of land. Agro
photovoltaic(APV), a concept that propose the multiple use of land for energy and food production can be
an ideal solution to this conflict. The solar panels can be used to provide shade to the crops to protect
them from the extreme heat conditions and provide energy that can power the systems of the farm
including pumping water for irrigation. This thesis was written to study the existing water supply and
monitoring system in the Gambia and to make a prototypical design of a smart solar water pumping
system for irrigation and community water supply. The study included assessing the irrigation water
needs of the Maruo Farm (Case study farm) and to size a solar water pumping system. The Pvsyst
software was used to size and design the system. Homer Software was used to evaluate the economic
feasibility of the system. A comparative analysis was done further to ascertain the suitability of a stand-
alone solar powered system as compared to a solar powered system with backup. A smart water
monitoring and regulation system was also simulated by extension using the Protues 8 professional
software. The system consists of a power source, soil moisture sensor, water level sensor, Arduino Uno
with cellular communication protocol. A simulation was done to monitor and regulate the irrigation
system.
 Conceptual Literature
Requirements
Conceptual Framework
Knowledge planning:
requirement:
 Identifying all the
 Indoors plant requirements
watering system needed

 Arduino  Identifying the

programming availability of the
requirements
 Internet
User design:

 Designing the
Hardware
container of
requirement:
automatic plant
 Soil moisture watering system AUTOMATIC
sensor PLANT
 Modification of
the design WATERING
 Microcontroller
according to SYSTEM
 DC Liquid pump buyers references

 Tube

 LED Construction:

 Pot  Assembling all

the modules,
sensors, external
Software devices
requirement:  Building the
 Arduino IDE system

 Testing and
debugging
AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM

Conceptual framework of automatic plant watering system

The figure above shows the variable necessary as input, process and output of the project.

The proponents should have enough knowledge in automatic plant watering system for indoor plants,
such as how often should the plant received water and how much water does it need. Those things are the
major aspects the one must posses to help the proponents to properly program the system. Failing to do so
will result to over watering that may result to loss of plants.

To completely build this system, one must use the sensor, soil moisture sensor, that is connected to
arduino uno and monitor the moisture content of the water.

On the other hand, the proponents use Arduino IDE-for programming the microcontroller.

After assessing the necessary requirements in building the project, the proponents identified the
availability of the resources of those requirements. Now the proponents will proceed in designing the
container of the system. Creating frame for the motor and the electronic hardwares. The project was
tested, debugged and fixed anything that doesn't go as planned.