CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
In this study, the researcher used a qualitative research while the kind of
the research is field research. According to Ary in Dobald that qualitative research
is conducted to describe the current status of phenomena that will exist at the
same time of study.1 It was a method of trying to find new problems. In this study,
the researcher used observation, interviews, and document as data collection
method for gathering information related to the problem being studied. The
research is about “The Speaking Ability of the First Grade Students of MAS
Darussaadah Bireuen”.
3.2 Setting and the Subject of the Research
The researcher chose the students through purposive sampling. The
researcher took four classes that are consist of 9 students as the subjects of the
study. Arikunto stated that purposive sampling is used by taking subject is not
based on strata, random, or area but it is based on the existing of the purpose, this
techniques is usually done cause of the some consideration.2 In doing this
research, the researcher as helped by an English teacher who taught English in the
students of MAS Darussaadah Bireuen.
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data
1 ?
Donald, Introduction In Research In Education, (Beltmont. Warsworth Thomson
learning, 2002), p.25
2 ?
Arikunto Suharsimi, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktis, 12nd Ed,
( Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2002 ), p. 117.
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The researcher used observation, interview and documentation as the
instrument in gathering data from subject of research, Catherine Marshall and
Gretchen B. Rosman argued that the fundamental method on qualitative research
for gathering information are, participation in setting, direct observation, in depth
interviewing, document review.3 Observation group is that the observations made
by a team of researchers on an issue that was made the object of research 4. An
interview is a process of communication or interaction to collect information by a
question and answer between researchers with informants or subjects. In essence,
the interview is an activity to obtain in-depth information about an issue or theme
raised in the study. It is the process of verification of the information or
information that has been previously obtained through other ways. Because an
evidentiary process, it could have an interview suit or different from the
information that had been obtained in advance. In collecting the data in this
research, the researcher used two instruments to find out the the data in MAS
Darussaadah Bireuen, they are:
1. Observation
Observation also one data collection technique which is very common in
qualitative research methods. Observation is essentially an activity using the five
senses, can be sight, smell, hearing, to obtain the information needed to answer
the research problem. The observations is in the form of activities, events, objects,
conditions or certain mood, emotions and feelings.
3 ?
Marshall, Gatherine and Gretchen B. Rosman, Designing Qualitative Research, 2nd
ed. (London: Safa Publication International Educational Professional publisher, 1995), p.15
4 ?
Bungin, M. Burhan. Penelitian kualitatif : Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Publik,
dan Ilmu Sosial lainnya. (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2007 ), p. 115 – 117
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2. Interview
An interview is a process of communication or interaction to collect
information by a question and answer between the researcher with informants or
subjects. In essence, the interview is an activity to obtain in-depth information
about an issue or theme raised in the study. It is the process of verification of the
information or information that had been previously obtained through other
techniques. Because an evidentiary process, it could have an interview suit or
different from the information that has been obtained in advance. In the research,
the researcher will interview the teacher and the students.
3.4 Research Instrument
The instruments which would be used to collect the data in this research
were observation Form and Interview guide.
1. Observation Checklist
Observation checklist is the instrument used by researcher in the research
to collect the data, that in this way, the researcher observe the teaching learning
process which are include to teacher’s and student’s activities to mark all of
information during learning English.
2. Interview Guide
Interview guide is the instrument in doing the research that the form of
questions were asked to the informant. The researcher set up ten general questions
to the teacher and students for asking about the speaking ability of the first grade
students of MAS Darussaadah Bireuen.
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3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data
In analizing qualitative data obtained from the observation checklist,
field notes guidelines, and interview the researcher used Miles and Huberman’s
model. Miles and Huberman in Sugiyono said “activity of analyzing data for
qualitative is done by interactive and continue until finished, the activity in
analyzing data are data reduction, data display and conclusion.5
Data Collection Data Display
Data Reduction
Conclusion:
Drawing/
Verifying
Picture 3.1 Interactive Model in Data Analyzing.6
a. Data Condensation
Data reduction means the researcher tries to reduce the unimportant data
and rearrange the data in good range and makes summary to get data more clearly,
so in the next step the researcher could focused in continuing which data should
be collected by the researcher. Data reduction refers to the process of selecting,
focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and/or transforming the data that appear in the
full corpus (body) of written-up field notes, interview transcripts, documents, and
other empirical materials. It means that the researcher try to arrange the data in
5 ?
Sugiono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D,
Cet Ke 22, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2015), h.337
6 ?
Ibid, p. 338
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good range and make summary to get the data more clearly based on the problem
of the research.
b. Data display
After reducing the data, the researcher would display the data in narrative
text. By displaying process, it would be easy to understand what researcher would
do as the next step in analyzing the data. A display is an organized, compressed
assembly of information that allows conclusion drawing and action. The data
display will be done in a short essay, the data becomes well organized and well
structured in a good form it can be used to describe the research problem, so that
makes the reader easily understand the data.
c. Conclusion
Previously, it had been told the ways of analyzing the data for qualitative
by reduction the data and displaying the data in narrative text, finally the
researcher made a conclusion. Third step in data analysis qualitative based on
according to Miles and Huberman of conclusion withdrawal. The conclusion of
early opened still be tentative, and changed when it is not found by a strong
evidence supporting next data collecting.
Based on the conclusion in research of qualitative replied the problem
were formulated in the chapter one of the background, because such as those
which had been opened by that the problems were formulated of the research
qualitative still be tentatively and expanded after researcher in the field. The first
step is to reduce data by focusing on the data needed and discarding data that is
not appropriate. Then, the researcher displayed the data in the form of
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explanations. Finally, the researcher makes conclusions or results to answer the
research problem.
