SECTION 1 Questions 1-10

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Theatre booking

Example: Booking for Pirates

Date : 8th December (afternoon)

Name : Fenella 1……………

Contact 07796892326

number:

Booking details: Type of booking: 2 .......................... with discount

---tickets: 3 adults at 3 ........................... pounds each

Children under 16 at 4 ........................... pounds each

Requires seats on the 5 ...........................row of the circle

---one person uses a 6 ......................

---need to have good access to the 7 ......................

Will collect the tickets from the 8 ......................

Meals: Several people are 9 ......................

Food :10 ••••••• -- •■-- -••••••• -

( cheese and tomato)
SECTION 2 Questions 11-20
Questions 11-15

Which choir does each of the following statements apply to?

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 11-15

A
B The Blackvale Male Voice Choir
C The Caroline Singers

Statements

11 They specialise in a particular type of music

12 They organise social events

13 They have recently won a competition

14 They have recently recorded their first CD

15 They participate in charity events

Questions 16-20

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C

16 Elizabeth Arnold thinks people join a choir at work because it gives them a

chance to

A have a break from work.

B improve their singing.
C make business contacts.

17 How does a company benefit from setting up a choir?

A improved relationships between co-workers
B less sick leave taken by employees
C increased commitment to the company

18 How many members does the John White choir have?

A 5
B 12
C 19

19 When do the choir have their rehearsals?

A before work
B at lunch-time
C after work

20 How does the company support the choir

A by providing concert clothes
B by funding social events
C by paying for singing classes
SECTION 3 Questions 21-30
Questions 21-26
Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

Tourism research
21 Mike suggests they use the word area to mean
A geographical location.
B tourist site.
C research field.
22 According to Eva, most people believe that culture
A refers to long-established events and places.
B includes modern forms of art and entertainment.
C is becoming less linked to particular regions.
23 Why should they carry out about 200 surveys?
A to provide information about a range of events
B to be able to meet the deadline
C to get valid results
24 Which groups of people do they decide to interview?
A domestic tourists and local residents
B local residents and international tourists
C international and domestic tourists
25 Mike expresses concern at having to ask about
A the amount of money a person has spent
B a person's age
C a person's occupation
26 Which form will their results be presented in?
A a table
B a pie chart
C a graph
Questions 27-30
Which tourist attraction will be highlighted in each of the following countries?
Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to
questions 27-30.

Tourist Attractions

Countries
27 Mexico
28 Greece
29 Britain
30 India
SECTION 4 Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Getting a patent

...............................
............................

People with very good 35 ..........................

.............................

Advantages of the job

Disadvantages of the job

Possible places of work

Large 39............................... organisations

.............................
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading
Passage 1 on Page 2-and 3.
Katherine Mansfield

Katherine Mansfield was a modernist writer of short fiction who was born and brought
up in New Zealand

Katherine Mansfield Beauchamp Murry was born in 1888, into

a prominent family in Wellington, New Zealand. She became one of
New Zeala d's best-know writers, using the pen name of
Katherine Mansfield. The daughter of a banker, and born into a
middle-class family, she was also a first cousin of Countess
Elizabeth von Arnim, a distinguished novelist in her time. Mansfield
had two older sisters and a younger brother. Her father, Harold
Beauchamp, went on to become the chairman of the Bank of New
Zealand. In 1893, the Mansfield family
moved to Karori, a suburb of Wellington, where Mansfield would spend the happiest
years of her childhood; she later used her memories of this time as an inspiration for her
Prelude story.

Her first published stories appeared in the High School Reporter a d the Wellington Girls'
High School magazine in 1898 and 1899. In 1902, she developed strong feelings for a
musician who played the cello, Arnold Trowell, although her feelings were not, for the
most past, returned. Mansfield herself was an accomplished cellist, having received
lesion from Trowell's father. Mansfied wrote in her journals of felling isolated to some
extent in New Zealand, and, in general terms of her interest in the Maori people ( New
Zealand's native people), who were often portrayed in a sympathetic light in her later
stories, such as How Pearl Button was Kidnapped

She moved to London in 1903, where she attended Queen's college, along with her two
sisters. Manfield recommenced playing the cello, an occupation that she believed, during
her time at Queen's, she would take up professionally. She also began contributing to the
college newspaper, with such a dedication to it that she eventually became its editor. She
was particularly interested in the works of the French writers of this period and on the
19th- century British writer, Oscar Wilde, and she was appreciated amongst fellow students
at Queen's for her lively and charismatic approach to life and work. She met follow writer
Ida Baker, a South African, at the college, and the pair became lifelong friends. Mansfield
did not actively support the suffragette movement in the Uk. Women in New Zeland had
gained the right to vote in 1893.

Mansfield first began journeying into the other parts of Europe in the period 1903-1906,
mainly to Belgium and Germany. After finishing her schooling in England, she returned
to her New Zealand home in 1906, only then beginning to write short stories in a
serious way. She had several works published in Australia in a magazine called Native
Comparison, which was her first paid writing work, and by this time she had her
mind set on becoming a professional writer. It was also the first occasion on which
she used the pseudonnym "[Link]".
Mansfield rapidly grew discontented with the provincial New Zealand lifestyle, and
with her family. Two years later she headed again in London. Her father sent her an
annual subsidy of €100 for the rest of her life. In later years, she would express both
admiration and disdain for New Zealand in her journals.

In 1911, Mansfield met John Middleton Murry, the oxford scholar and editor of the
literary magazine Rhythm. They were later to marry in 1918. Mansfield became a
co-editor of Rhythm, which was subsequently called the The Blue Review, in which
more of her works were published. She and Murry lived in various houses in England
and briefly in Paris. The Blue Review failed to gain enough readers and was no longer
published. Their attempt to set up as writers in Paris was cut short by Murry's
bankruptcy, which resulted from the failure of this and other journals. Life back in
England meant frequently changed addressed and very limited funds.

Between 1915 and 1918, Mansfield moved between England and Bandoi, France.
She and Murry developed close contact with other well-known writers of the time
such as DH Lawrence, Bertrand Russell and Aldous Huxley. By October 1918 Mansfield
had become seriously ill; she had been diagnosed with tuberculosis and was advised to
enter a sanatorium. She could no longer spend writers in London. In the autumn of 1918
she was so ill that she decided to go to Ospedale in Italy. It was the publication of Bliss
and Other Stories in 1920 that was to solidify Mansfield's reputation as a wrtite

Mansfied also spent time in Menton, France, as the tenant of her father's cousin at" The
Villa Isola Bella". There she wrote she pronounced to be "...the only story that satisfies
me to any extent"

Mansfield produced a great deal of work in the final years of her life, and much of her
prose and poetry remained unpublished at her death in 1923. After her death, her
husband, Murry, took on the task of editing and publishing her works. His efforts
resulted in two additional volumes of short stories. The Doves' Nest and Something
Childish, published in 1923 and 1924 respectively, the publication of her Poems as
well as a collection of critical writings (Novels and Novelist) and a number of editions
of Mansfield's previously unpublished letters and jourals.
Questions 1 - 6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1 - 6 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the

FALSE information if the statement contradicts
NOT the information if there is no information
GIVEN on this

1 The name Katherine Mansfield, that appears on the writer's book, was exactly the same
as her origin name

2 Mansfield won a prize for a story she wrote for the High School Reporter.

3 How Pearl Button Was Kidnapped portrayed Maori people in a favorable way.

4 When Mansfield was at Queen's college, she planned to be a professional writer.

5 Mansfield was unpopular with the other students at Queen's college

6 In London, Mansfield showed little interest in politics.

Questions 7 - 13

Complete the notes below

Choose ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet

Katherine Mansfield's adult years

• 7 .....................

moved from England back to New Zealand

first paid writing work was in a publication based in 8 .....................

her 9 ...................... and the New Zealand way of life made her feel dissatisfied

• 1908

returned to London

• 1911-1919

Met John Middleton Murry in 1911

10 ..................... perverted Mansfield and Murry from staying together in Paris

spent time with distinguished 11 .....................

from 1916, tuberculosis restricted the time she spent in London

• 1920

her 12 ...................... was consolidated when Bliss and Other Stories was published

wrote several stories at "Villa Isola Bella

• 1923 -1924

Mansfield's 13 .......................published more of her works after her death

 READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 14-26, which are based on Reading
Passage 2 on pages 6 and 7
Australian parrots
and their adaptation to habitat change

A Parrots are found across the tropic and in all were underway. The centre of the continent
southern hemisphere continents except of Australia had begun to dry out, and the
Antarctica, but nowhere, do the display such a rainforests that once covered it gradually
richness of diversity and form as in Australia. One- contracted to the continental margins,
sixth of the world's 345 parrot species are found where, to a limited extent, they still exist
there, and Australia has long been renowned for today.
the number and variety of its parrots.
[Link] creatures that remained in those
B In the 16th century, the German cartographer shrinking rainforests had to adapt to the
Mercator made a world map that included a place, drier conditions or face extinction. Reacting
somewhere near present-day Australia, that he to these desperate circumstances, the
named Terra Psittacorum - the Land of Parrots - parrot family, typically found in jungles in
and the first European settles in Australia often other parts of the world, has populated
referred to the country as Parrot Land. In 1865, the some of Australia's harshest environments.
celebrated British naturalist and wildlife artist John The parrots spread from ancestral forests
Gould said: "No group of birds gives Australia so through eucalypt woodlands to colonies the
tropical and benign an air as the numerous species central deserts of Australia, and as a
of this great family by which it is tenanted. consequence they diversified into a wide
range of species with adaptations that
C Parrots are descendants of an ancient line. Due to reflect the many changes animals and plants
their great diversity, and since most species had to make to survive in these areas.
inhabit Africa, Australia and South America, it
seems almost certain that parrots originated E. These evolutionary pressures helped
millions of years ago on the ancient southern mould keratin, the substance from which
continent of Gondwana, before it broke up into breaks are made into a range of tools
the separate southern hemisphere continents we capable of gathering the new food types
know today. Much of Gondwana comprised favored by various species of parrot. The
vast rainforests intersected by huge slow-flowing size of a parrot's short, blunt beak and the
rivers and expansive lakes, but by eight million length of that beak's do curved upper
yearsago,greatchanges section are related to the type of food each
species eats. Some have comparatively
long beaks that are perfect for extracting
seeds from fruit; others have broader and
stronger beaks that are designed for
cracking hard seeds.
F Differently shaped beaks ate not the only parrot, and numbers of ground parrots
adaptations that have been made during the declined when a great part of their habitat
developing relationship between parrots and their was destroyed by the draining of coastal
food plants. Like all of Australia's many honey- swamps. Even some parrot species that
eating birds, the rainbow-coloured lorikeets and benefited from forest clearing at first are
the flowers on which they feed have long co- now comforted by a shortage of nesting
evolved with features such as the shape and colour sites due to further man-made changes.
of the flowers adapted to the bird's particular
needs, and physical a example, red is the most I. New conditions also sometimes favour
attractive colour to birds, and thus flowers which an incoming species over one that
depend on birds for pollination are more often red, originally inhabited the area. For example,
and lorikeets' to gues have bristles which help after farmers cleared large areas of forest
them to collect as much pollen as possible. on Kangaroo Island off the coast of South
Australia, the island was colonised by
G Today, most of Australia's parrots inhabit galahs. They were soon going down holes
woodland and open forest, arid their numbers and destroying black cockatoo eggs in order
decline towards both deserts and wetter areas. to take the hole for their own use. Their
The majority are nomadic to some degree, success precipitated a partial collapse in the
moving around to take advantage of feeding and black cockatoo population when the later
breeding places. Two of the dry country parrots, lost the struggle for scarce nesting hollows.
the pink and grey galah and the pink, white and
yellow corella have expanded their ranges in J. There may be no final answer to ensuring
recent years. They are among the species that have an equitable balance between parrot
adapted well to the changes brought about by
species. Nest box programmers help ease
European settlement forest telling created the shortage of nesting sites in some places,
grasslands where galahs and corellas thrive. but there are not enough, they are
expensive and they are not an adequate
H But other parrot species did not fare so well when substitute by large, old trees, such as the
their environments were altered. The clearing of habitat they represent and nectar, pollen
large areas of rainforest is probable responsible for and seeds they provide. Competition
the disappearance of the double-eyed fig between parrots for nest sites is a result of
the changes we humans have made to the
Earth. We are the most widespread and
dangerous competitors that parrots have
ever had to face, but we also have the
knowledge and skill to maintain the
wonderfully rich diversity of Australia's
parrots. All we need is the wild to do so
Questions 14-19
Reading Passage 2 has ten paragraphs A-J
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-J in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet

14 An example of how one parrot species may survive at the expense of another
15 A description of how plants may adapt to attract birds
16 Example of two parrot species which benefited from changes to the environment
17 How the varied Australian landscape resulted in a great variety of parrot species
18 A reason why most parrot species are native to the southern hemisphere
19 An example of a parrot species which did not survive changes to its habitat

Questions 20 - 22

Choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D

Write the correct letter in boxes 22-22 on your answer sheet

20 The writer believes that most parrot species

A Move from Africa and South America to Australia

B Had ancestors in either Africa, Australia or South America
C Had ancestors in a continent which later split up
D Came from a continent now covered by water

21 What does the Writer say about parrot's beak?

A They are longer than those of other birds

B They are made of a unique material
C They are used more efficiently than those of other species
D They are specially adapted to suit the diet

22 Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the writer as a disadvantage

of nesting boxes?
A They cost too much
B They need to be maintained
C They provide only shelter, not food
D They are too few of them
Questions 23 - 26

Complete the summary below

Choose NO MORE THANH TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for

each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 23 -26 on your answer sheet

Parrots in Australia

There are 345 varieties of parrot in existence and, of these, 23 ....................... live in
Australia. As early as the 24 ..................... , the mapmaker 25 ..................... recognized that
parrots lived in that part of the world. 26 ..................... , the famous painter of animals and
birds, commented on the size and beauty of the Australian parrot family.
READINGPASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on
Reading Passage 3 on pages 10 and 11.

Yawning

How and why we yarn still presents problems for researchers in an area which
has only recently been opened up to study

When Robert R Provine began studying average, but its duration can range from
yawning in the 1960s, it was difficult for him about three seconds to much longer than the
to convince research students of the merits average. There are no half-yawns: this is an
of 'yawning science'. Although it may example of the typical intensity of fixed action
appear quirky to some, Provine's decision to patterns and a reason why you cannot stifle
study yawning was a logical extension of his yawns. Just like a cough, yawns can come in
research in developmental neuroscience. bouts with a highly variable inter-yawn
interval, which is generally about 68 seconds
The verb 'to yawn' is derived from the Old
but rarely more than 70. There is no relation
English ganien or ginian, meaning to gape
between yawn frequency and duration:
or open wide. But in addition to gaping
producers of short or long yawns do not
jaws, yawning has significant features that
compensate by yawning more or less often.
are easy to observe and analyse. Provine
Furthermore, Provine's hypotheses about the
'collected' yawns to study by using a
form and function of yawning can be tested
variation of the contagion response*. He
by three informative yawn variants which can
asked people to 'think about yawning' and,
be used to look at the roles of the nose, the
once they began to yawn to depress a
mouth and the jaws.
button and that would record from the start
of the yawn to the exhalation at its end. i) The closed nose yawn
Subjects are asked to pinch their nose closed
Provine's early discoveries can be
when they feel themselves start to yawn.
summanized as follows: the yawn is highly
Most subjects report being able to perform
stereotyped but not invariant in its duration
perfectly normal closed nose yawns. This
and form. It is an excellent example of the
indicates that the inhalation at the onset of a
instinctive 'fixed action pattern' of classical
yawn, and the exhalation at its end, need not
animal-behavior study, or ethology. It is not
involve the nostrils - the mouth provides a
a reflex (short-duration, rapid, proportional
sufficient airway.
response to a simple stimulus), but, once
ii) The clenched teeth yawn
started, a yawn progresses with the Subjects are asked to clench their teeth when
inevitability of a sneeze. The standard yawn they feel themselves start to yawn but allow
runs its course over about six seconds on themselves to inhale normally through their
open lips and clenched teeth. This variant example, in the yawn a kind of 'slow sneeze'
gives one the sensation of being stuck mid- or is the sneeze a 'fast yawn'? Both share
yawn. This shows that gaping of the jaws is common respiratory and other features
an essential component of the fixed action including jaw gaping, eye closing and head
pattern of the yawn, and unless it is tilting.
accomplished, the program (or pattern) will Yawning and stretching share properties and
not run to completion. The yawn is also may be performed together as parts of a
shown to be more than a deep breath, global motor complex. Studies by J I P deVries
because, unlike normal breathing, et al. in the early 1980s, charting movement in
inhalation and exhalation cannot be the developing foetus using ultrasound,
performed so well through the clenched observed a link between yawning and
teeth as through the nose. stretching. The most extraordinary
demonstration of the yawn-stretch linkage
iii) The nose yawn occurs in many people paralyzed on one side
of their body because of brain damage caused
This variant tests the adequacy of the nasal by a stroke, the prominent British neurologist
airway to sustain a yawn. Unlike normal Sir Francis Walshe noted in 1923 that when
breathing, which can be performed equally these people yawn, they are startled and
well through mouth or nose, yawning is mystified to observe that their otherwise
impossible via nasal inhalation alone. As paralyzed arm rises and flexes automatically in

with the clenched teeth yawn, the nose what neurologists term an 'associated
response'. Yawning apparently activates
yawn provides the unfulfilling sensation of
undamaged, unconsciously controlled
being stuck in mid-yawn. Exhalation, on the
connections between the brain and the motor
other hand, can be accomplished equally
system, causing the paralyzed limb to move. It
well through nose or mouth. Through thin
is not known whether the associated response
methodology Provine demonstrated that
is a positive prognosis for recovery, nor
inhalation through the oral airway and the whether yawning is therapeutic for
gaping of jaws are necessary for normal prevention of muscular deterioration.
yawns. The motor program for yawning will
not run to completion without feedback Provine speculated that, in general,
that these parts of the program have been yawning may have many functions, and
accomplished. selecting a single function from the available

But yawning is a powerful, generalized options may be an unrealistic goal. Yawning

appears to be associated with a change of
movement that involves much more than
behavioural state, switching from one activity
airway maneuvres and jaw-gaping. When
to another. Yawning is also a reminder that
yawning you also stretch your facial
ancient and unconscious behavior linking us
muscles, tilt your head back, narrow or
to the animal world lurks beneath the veneer
close your eyes, produce tears, salivate,
of culture, rationality and language.
open the Eustachian tubes of your middle
ear and perform many other, yet
unspecified, cardiovascular and respiratory
acts. Perhaps the yawn shares
components with other behaviour. For
Questions 27- 32

Complete the summary below using the list of words, A-K, below

Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

Provine's early findings on yawns

Through his observation of yawns, Province was able to confirm that 27 ..................... do not exist.

Just like a 28 ....................., yawns cannot be interrupted after they have begun. This is because

yawns occur as a 29 ................ rather than a stimulus response as was previously thought.

In measuring the time taken to yawn, provive found that a typical yawn lasts about 30 ............. He

also found that it is a common for people to yawn a number of times in quick succession with the

yawns usually being around 31. .......... Apart. When studying whether length and rate were

connected. Province concluded that people who yawn less do not necessarily produce 32 ........... To

make up for this

A B

D E

G H

k
Questions 33- 37

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.

33 What did Provine conclude from his 'closed nose yawn' experiment?

A Ending a yawn requires use of the nostrils.

B You can yawn without breathing through your nose
C Breathing through the nose produces a silent yawn.
D The role of the nose in yawning needs further investigation.

34 Provine's clenched teeth yawn's experiment shows that

A yawning is unconnected with fatigue.

B a yawn is the equivalent of a deep intake of breath.
C you have to be able to open your mouth wide to yawn.
D breathing with the teeth together is as efficient as through the nose.

35 The nose yawn experiment was used to test weather yawning

A can be stopped after it has stated

B is the result of motor programing
C involves both inhalation and exhalation.
D can be accomplished only through the nose.

36 In people paralyzed on one side because of brain damage

A yawning may involve only one side of the face.

B the yawing response indicates that recovery is likely
C movement in paralysed arm is stimulated by yawming
D yawning can be used as an example to prevent muscle wasting.

37 In the last paragraph, the writer concludes that

A yawning is a sign of boredom.

B we yawn is spite of the development of our species
C yawning is a more passive activity than we Imagine
D we are stimulated to yawn when our brain activity is low.
 Questions 38 - 40

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 38 - 40 on your answer sheet, write

Yes if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

No if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

38 Research students were initially reluctant to appreciate the value of

Provine's studies.

39 When foetuses yawn and stretch they are learning how to control movement.

40 According to Provine, referring to only one function is probably inadequate

to explain why people yawn.