Vectors M.

01
-

-
-

TODAY's GOAL

Basics vectors
of
#

Law of Addition.
#

Dot
# Product.

#OP-9P

BASICS
#
VECTORS
OF

Definition: -

Physical quantities
having both
magnitude &
direction and addition
satisfying the law
of
of
vectors are called vector
quantity.
mathematically, directed line segment is called

a vector.

-
length vector is
of the
magnitude of
a
#Types Vectors:-
of
(i) Null vector I
=

vect or

Direction:
whose

not
magnitude
defined. "zeroll) =-a 8 =

(ii) Unit
vector:-

·one", unit
vector whose magnitude
unit vector aa a
along =

1a)

a 7
N

<
a

- I

(iii) Equal vectors:-

Two vectors a &5 said to

are be
equal if
both have some direction and equal

magnitude. -) 5
=

C 7

7
-

b
(iv) coterminus rectors & coinitial rectors.

-
5 ~

a
>
I⑧ <
5
en

C I
I

(v) Collinear & Parallel

vectors:-
Two vectors are said to be collinear

if their directed line

segment are

to their direction.
parallel disregards
collinear vectors are also known as

parallel rectors

#Same direction: like vectors &I

Opposite direction:
#
Unlike vectors

25
>a
-> 7
a
& c
a
-

L C
(vi) Non-Collinear Vectors:-

vectors whose directed segments are

not parallel.

a
>
&
a 5 are non-
-

b
collinear vectors

# multiplication of vector by any non-zero

number

J...
-

a 7
·

= collinear
#
H

Important Result: -

a xb,
= scalar
x =

A
collinear
 vector Localised vector:
(vii) Free & -

vector
A that can more
any where in
its
the space without changing magnitude
and direction is Free vector.

vector which cannot is localised

A move

vector.

Example; -

(F) Topling effect

7

slide > m

-
brijt
Here (F) is not free vector

#In mathematics, every vector is a Free

vector.
 e

interms of trade
orthog
ke e

x I

(0,3,0)

yy 2k
a

+
x
3 +

P (x,3,z)
asa
IJ
0
% >X

TE,.zi
xY (x,0,0)

-i.
E
(0,0,z)
2

#Position vector: -

-
& A(a)
a

Oorigin)
I
Vector
# Between two points.
B(b)
-

Al
EB f =
-
i
-

b
T =5 -
a

·(0,ad
By law,
A

a +

AB =
b

AB 5
=
- a

#
A(3,!, 2)
-

oF 3i
=> = + j -
2k =
(3,1, 2) -

090,00
·

A(2,4,6)

(B,1,3) => AB -
=
3i
3j
+
-
x
(
=
-

3,3, 5)
-
 Note:
# -

If
a 5 & I sides
are
of A ABC:

a
B

17 a, B & I are
position vector of
&
vertex
A, B C
respectively
-(a)
a.......0(0,0,0)
a
7
-

- --

-
C
~
↑
-
-

T
--
-

- ~

B(5)
-

(i) (i b)-

#Triangle law Addition:-

of
[Link] of one should overlap with

head other.
of

Resultant: vector directed from open tail

to
-

open
head.
 (a
+5)
-

b
⑧

->
+ ++e

-
I
a
- -

d C

Note:

#17 3 vectors
forms a
triangle then
they
law addition.
should follow triangle of

- j
L
I 5 5
+ + 0
=

i i
+ =
-

B
I B
+
x 0
+
=
 law Addition:
#Parallelogram of
Tail vectors should overlap.
Arrangement -
of
both

Resultant:Complete parallelogram using given

vectors as
adjacent sides, now resultant rector

is
along longer diagonal.
#
Geometry of P

A D C

E
-

b
at 0
⑧
11

11 X
↑

a A B

Result:
#Special
-

E ·O

Yat
 -
I
B
⑧
11
11
m

I B
+

Four
*
vectors are
along sides of quadrilated
ABCD ·
If AB +
As+cB +
cb =
nEF where

AC&
E & I
are
midpoints of diagonals
them is
BD respectively (n)

(A) -
2

(B) 2

(C) -
7

(D) 4
 bisector
# Vector
along angle
Section Formula:-

#Internal Division:

-(5)
pB 5 P
-
=

B mb na
=
+

mi pol 5 m n
+

(a)
A

#midpoint (m n)=

B(5)
11

P(8)
11 i
a
=
=>

(a)
External
# Division:-

c B,5)
mb na
i
-
=

...--(a) m -
n

The median AD of the AABC is bisected

E.
at meets
BE Ac at F. Then, AF:AC

equal
>)
is to
A (8) # thinking,
(A) 0/4 hi point kep.v
I
U B (b) ek

13 along
F
⑳

F 2
alag ways

se like kaw
X ⑳

car do

(i)
compare
(C) 1/2

C
'/n (i)
(D) I
=
5
I u( i)
= -

u 1
-
 uf 5
-I
+

u 1
+

uf
+5
=(u+1)
E(u+)
=
+

--

= I
15
-
+

=
I
#

= 3

3 x 1
=
+

Iate
0

x 2
=

in

1: 3
AF:Ac
=

M 1
+

4
=

(n =

3
#Note:
-

two vectors
Angle between

a &B
(a 5) angle
=
between

4
5

~O -

For angle between two vectors, initial

the vectors should be

of
point both

same

M160 >a
-20

= 5 120
=

b
 -

us
..... 35
as

n5 (0) between a & 5

a angle
=

and [0,
of 5].

Bot Product: -

Scalar
# Product: -

a.5 1a) 15)

#
=
coso

↓
ab)
(a

te: (scalar)(vector) 2
=

Crector) (rector)
.
X
>
Important
# Properties: -

Short Example in

(u)
1200
-

b
I

----. (4)
(3)

"
a.b = (a)(5).cosO
=(4) (3) cos 120

ix
( ),
=
-

=
① a b > 0 c'
= is acute

a.5 c0 )o'
=
is obtuse

a.b 0
=
=
)0isa0 a 5
= +

A 0 t [0,i]
cos is -ve cos is the

L S

V
② If =
a a +bij ci
+

5 azi =

b2j c2k
+
+

then
a.b a1az
=
bibz ciC2
+
+

i.i j.j i. 1
#
= =
=

4.i
i.j j.k
=
0
=

# =

③ a.a (a)
= n
a =0

=>) (a b)2
+

a a (a)(a) coso
=

N
=(a 5).(a 5)
a
+ -
+

a .b a
.b 5.5
+

a.a
+
= +

= (2 2a.5+15
+

(a 5).(a
=> +
-

5)
=a. -

a/b +
a/5 -
5.5

= 1a)2 - 15

(a
=> 5
+

i)2 1a12
+ = 1512 (c)2+
+ +

2(a -5 5.2 i.2)

+
+
Note:
-
-

x 2a =
-
35

It) =?
bis
Squaring
x
2
(2a
=
-
35)2
122.5
(5) 41212 =
+
91512 -

#magnitude find karna no to bas

dot product kijiye.

3i
j 2
If =
+ +

then 1al= 9 1
+
y
+

= 14

HOW?

a 3i
=

j 2
+
+

squaring bis

12 a(i.i) =

()(j.j) 4(i.i) + +

+ 2(3i).j 2(j).(24) 2(3i).(2

+
+

q(1) (1)(1) 4(1) 2(0)

= +
2(0) 2(0) + +
+
+

a
=
1
+
4
+

15
=
 1912 15
=

(a) 15
=

④ (pa). (95) pa(a.5).

=

where are scalars.

p, g

is used to find angle between

Product
⑤
Dot
vectors.

Gestion: dot product only?

why
-

not cross product?

why
-> cosO
0

④
-> sinc

between two vectors ranges from

Angle
will be in
6 to 100 i.e
the angle
and quadrant.
is quadrat
or
either

Now, if we use
cross product, then

and since is [tve) in both

comes.
sino

the quadrants
.. use dot product, as in dot product
we

cost comes and cost is the in 1st

and and is
negative in

emple decide
1 (Here, you cant
sinc:
the 8)
0 60
1
= =

coso =

120
=0
=

coso =

Note:
# -

-
-

① i xi =

2j
+

-
13
12) = a 4
+

② I 3a 25
=
+

ii) of at y

bis
Now, square

=a 4
+ 12.5
12
+

12) 13
=
12.5
+
③ I 3
= +25; where ( 5)
=