S T A RT

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5
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Chapter
ADVERBS

Read the following text.

There are quite many types of office works. Some
are very easy while some are extremely difficult. All
people want to have rather an easy work. There are
some tips about your office work discussed here.
If your office job involves telephone work, then
your telephone manners have to be flawless. Always
answer the phone promptly, on the first or second
ring immediately, if possible. Speak directly into the
phone, neither too loudly nor too softly, in a pleasant, cheerful voice.
Additionally, there should not be any disturbance both inside and outside of
the office. You need to vary the pitch of your voice significantly and be sure to
articulate clearly. After a short, friendly greeting, state your company or boss’s
name obviously, then your own name. Always take messages carefully. Fill out
all pertinent blanks on the message pad sheet carefully while you are still on the
phone. Always let the caller hang up first.
Do not depend on your memory for the spelling of a name or the last digit of a
phone number, and be sure to write legibly. When it is time to close a conversation,
do so pleasantly and never hang up without saying good-bye. While it is not an
absolute rule, generally closing with Goodbye is more professional than bye-bye.
Verify the information by reading it back to the caller appropriately.
Do
you In the above given text, the coloured words are adverbs. They
Know? are modifiers.

Speaking Practice
Answer these questions based on the given text.
a. How are office works?
b. How should the phone be answered?
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c. How do you need to pitch your voice?
d. How should you take messages?
e. How should you write the phone number?
f. Where should not be any disturbance?

Quick Tip
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb. Adverbs may indicate place or direction, time, degree, manner,
and belief or doubt. Like adjectives, they too may be comparative.

Grammar Focus: Types of Adverb

How Where When What Extent How Often
(Manner) (Place) (Time) (Degree) (Frequency)
quitely above now quite always
peacefully abroad yesterday fairly sometimes
carefully far soon too often
slowly away later enormously frequently
badly back tomorrow entirely normally
closely here yet very generally
easily outside already extremely usually
well backwards tonight rather occasionally
fast behind today almost seldom
quickly below then absolutely rarely
cheerfully down last month just hardly ever
efficiently indoors last year barely never
painfully downstairs late completely daily
secretly inside still enough monthly
sadly nearby early deeply weekly
safely there before fully rightly
warmly towards first hugely regularly
well inside next far ever

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Look at the following sentences.
He sings beautifully. It tells us more about a verb.
Have you ever been to the USA? It modifies the verb.
The dog is a very useful pet. It adds to the meaning of an adjective.
He listened to my lecture very patiently. It adds to the meaning of an adverb.
She frequently asks her parents for money. It tells us to what extent.
He selfishly refused to share his toys. It tells us in what way.
I will call you tomorrow. It tells us about when.

Quick Tip
An adverb tells us more about a verb. It describes or modifies the verb
in some way. Many adverbs end with the suffix –ly but not all. Adverbs
often tell us how something happened.

Listening Practice
Repeat these adverbs after your teacher.

accidentally exactly madly sharply

angrily faithfully morally shyly
anxiously fast mysteriously silently
awkwardly fatally neatly sleepily
badly fiercely nervously slowly
beautifully fondly noisily smoothly
blindly foolishly obediently so
boldly fortunately openly softly
bravely frankly painfully solemnly
brightly frantically patiently speedily
busily generously perfectly stealthily
calmly gently politely strernly

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carefully gladly poorly straightly
carelessly gracefully powerfully stupidly
cautiously greedily promptly successfully
cheerfully happily punctually suddenly
clearly hardly quickly suspiciously
closely hastily quietly swifly
correctly healthily rapidly tenderly
courageously honestly rarely tensely
cruelly hungrily really thoughtfully
daringly hurriedly recklessly tightly
deliberately inadequately regularly truthfully
doubtfully innocently reluctantly unexpectedly
eagerly inquisitively repeatedly victoriously
easily irritatingly rightfully violently
elegantly joyously roughly vivaciously
enormously justly loudly warmly
enthusiastically lazily eventually widly
equally loosely rudely wisely

Grammar Focus: Formation of Adverbs

1. Many adverbs are formed by adding –ly to an adjective.
beautiful beautifully normal normally
clear clearly hard hardly
wise wisely glad gladly
sudden suddenly quick quickly
proper properly bold boldly
2. Some adverbs are formed by adding –ly to an adjective ending in –le.
simple simply ample amply
3. Some adverbs are formed by adding –y to an adjective ending in –ily.
easy easily busy busily
crazy crazily hungry hungrily
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4. Some adverbs are formed by adding –ically to an adjective ending in –ic.
basic basically economic economically
5. Some adverbs are formed by adding –ically to an adjective ending in
–ical.
typical typically economical economically
6. Some adverbs are formed by adding –fully to an adjective ending in –ful.
useful usefully helpful helpfully
7. Some adverbs do not use the –ly ending. These adverbs do not have a
particular form.
already, also, always, here, never, not, now, often, quite, seldom, soon, still,
then, there, too, very well
Adverb Placement
At the beginning of a sentence or a clause Clearly, Amit has a problem
arriving to work on time.
At the end of a sentence or a clause Dina and Rita attend the opera
frequently.
After the verb Jitu and Biru have always
participated in the sports.
Between the subject and the verb Sunita rarely forgets to call home
when she is out late.
Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives, e.g. early, fast, likely,
straight.
Adjective Adverb
He is an early riser. He gets up early.
He is a fast driver. He likes to drive fast.
Draw a straight line. The pen is on the desk straight in front of you.
It is the most likely cause of the problem. I´d very likely do the same thing.

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ASSESS YOURSELF 1
Form adverbs from the following adjectives.
angry _______ anxious_______ bad _______
calm _______ careful _______ careless_______
certain _______ correct _______ curious_______
eager _______ easy _______ excited_______
extreme _______ fast _______ fortunate_______
furious _______ generous_______ gentle _______
good _______ happy _______ hard _______
honest _______ hungry _______ wrong _______
wise _______ violent _______ terrible_______
sudden _______ slow _______ serious_______
immediate_______ jealous _______ kind _______
lazy _______ loud _______ nervous _______
natural_______ painful _______ perfect _______
playful_______ polite _______ quick _______
quiet _______ rude _______ safe _______
selfish _______ serious _______ slow _______

ASSESS YOURSELF 2
Circle adverbs in the following sentences.
1. My father beat me badly.
2. Do not run on the road carelessly.
3. The streets were brightly lit.

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4. He was adequately talented.
5. The teacher treats us fairly.
6. The wounded boy cried bitterly.
7. He opened the window gently.
8. He hardly believes in us.
9. She rarely does her homework.
10. We nearly got an accident.
11. She speaks English fluently.
12. The dog ate the bone quickly.
13. The customer was terribly upset.
14. Kamal never goes school on foot.
15. It is very cold outside.
16. The rain is stopping gradually.
17. The soldiers fought bravely.
18. I think you are completely wrong.
19. I sometimes go the movies.
20. He often sends us gifts.

ASSESS YOURSELF 3
Supply the adverb form of the adjective in parentheses.
1. John left the office ______that afternoon. (quick)
2. She speaks English_____. (fluent)
3. He always drives _____. (careful)
4. I hit the dog ______. (hard)
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5. We arrived home______ that evening. (early)
6. He did the work______, as usual. (easy)
7. We walked very ______. (quick)
8. I am feeling very______ today. (good)
9. He always does his work______. (good)
10. He speaks very_____. (fast)
11. She prepares her lessons______. (careless)
12. They acted______ in that matter. (bad)

ASSESS YOURSELF 4
Supply the proper form: adjective or adverb.
1. He is a very ______student. (careful)
2. He always does his work ______. (careful)
3. He learns his lesson ______. (quick)
4. This is an _____exercise. (easy)
5. I can do this exercise _____. (easy)
6. Mary is a ______girl. (beautiful)
8. She also sings and plays the guitar ______. (beautiful)
9. John was very______. (foolish)
10. He certainly acted______. (foolish)
11. It is always ______ to prepare for the future. (wise)
12. They acted ______ in doing that. (wise)
13. We drove to the hospital very______. (slow)

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ASSESS YOURSELF 5
Look at the following pictures and make any 10 sentences using suitable
adverbs.

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ASSESS YOURSELF 6
Write the adverb forms of the following adjectives given in the following
texts.
1. The sun shone (fierce) onto the golden sand, burning my feet as I ran (slow)
down the water. I plunged into the (adequate) sparkling water. I was (eager)
waiting for the refreshing coolness. (Initial), there was not a cloud in the sky and
even the birds were not singing (beautiful) in the trees. The waves were lapping
(gentle) onto the beach with a (pleasant) relaxing sound and I (anxious) floated
on my back gazing up at the clear sky above. I could feel the warmth of the sun on
my skin (sufficient) as I closed my eyes.
2. A light rain was falling (continuous). He (usual) drove home by this route.
It was a drive he had taken (regular) a thousand times; still, he did not know
(exact) why, as he passed the park near their home, he should so (sudden) and
(vivid) picture the small pond that lay at the center of it. In winter, this pond was
(complete) frozen over, and he had (unusual) taken his daughter there when she
was small and tried to teach her how to skate. She hadn’t been able to catch on
(proper), and so after two or three lessons, he had (absolute) given up that idea.

ASSESS YOURSELF 7
Match the words with their meanings.

ab initio mock

in liu of in relation to

sneer morally bad

vis-a-vis instead of

wickedly from the beginning

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Vocabulary in Use
Write the sentences and complete them by choosing the best option
below.
1. Are you coming home . . .
a. yesterday? b. tomorrow? c. last week? d. a week ago?
2. How much is a . . .
a. price? b. tickets? c. ticket? d. pay?
3. I don’t like taking . . .
a. exam. b. exam paper. c. exams. d. exam preparation.
4. I go shopping twice a . . .
a. hour. b. week. c. sometimes. d. never.
5. My dad is a . . .
a. fireman. b. fireplace. c. fire brigade. d. fire engine.
6. My sister is twelve years . . .
a. older. b. old. c. young. d. aged.
7. On Friday night I go to the . .
a. pubs. b. visit. c. cafes. d. pub.
8. That clock on the wall is . . .
a. young. b. fast. c. heavy. d. slowed.
9. These questions are . . .
a. easier. b. hardest. c. easy. d. easiest.
10. When do you want to go . . .
a. homework? b. home? c. house? d. walk?

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