Soueoueeueun -e = suememnmnnaccas PPP a PP WATER TREATIVENT Howie Ob Water Le Oe engre uid Sunpace Loaler Rain walrn [Pure] wl, Lakes Sparings River ponds Nesewioys sea. [ Pmpwie] in water Amare pacsertt colaidal povticles | —> Suspended and I> Dissolved qrse® |__» Dissolwed salts I—> Organic matter > NVicro organiems 4 ¢- The particle 4 Suspendse ane sellle down the bottom duc 40 qrovitational sorce. Or C02 5802 » $03 > Had» Nig > Oxides of pose VASES RA IY ; Ox90) nivtbroge n- ke g WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDH. PAGE NO: 1Classification of Water can be classified into two types — Walter | 4) Aopt water a) Hand water ¥ Soft water: The woter fom soap The water fom «clin foi) parecipt cather (ov) foam with % Hard woter'- late with soap Uissolwed Salts in wale. H——> with the paesence o} curtain voartor will «rye > HCOs» LL» 40g» NOR > hardness an water Mg (Hes) »CaUa» Malte ax the daite court "4 Jhondruss oh oh Cat and mq will qe L—» CalHC03}a > CaS0y »MgSCu CalNos], » Mq [wos], those hhaadnes Ww voaktr- 5 bkearic acid =, wrleic forty acids higher acid » palmiti acid tiese are LOWv0x qe wacid. —> Atemric acid = Cra Hay COOH of Na and k Salts ©» Soap consist Foes nes, SAIMEDHAoop acorts we als Cas mg mn and ‘Conaoded into Ca and mg IC hta5 COONA + Ca?” —> [Ci t35C00J,Cad Al4yHas Cooma sig? * —a[Ciatt35 COO], Magy Hardness forther Classified “into two ‘types. 4. Temporary handness:- - - Conbonate when the nemoved - [Cachtos]. » Mg { WC05]+ hen the warty ig boiled » oiled af jhandnus is water 6 2 Rermanent hardness = W if hoodness is not semoved - Eq: Remaining al salts qi permanent hardness. CaLHca Gan A .caco3¥ + Cor tO b> mgloila +C0s Mg [41005] at Ls by precipi tate of hardness: » Expre ssion, woot mu Ly The handness 1° of CalOs & uivolens. Wb be expressed in ten 100 weight weight 50 molecule — >» CalOs >catds equivalat SAIMEDHA— i Because it is ingolube tn tater mata = Pmg iest of CalOs aoomaltit ob ob ness in teims ph Calds equivalent + = Wt_op ha andness Causing salt mw ob Cavs [100} Mw Ob nandnes couing sol Cor} tsoJ ausing salt ey | wt ob | Cato ES wh joys (todness c haadness causing aout: eq-wl oh 162 — >Casdy —7!3¢ =» Cg [Hts dae MW) > mg [Hcos}2— 7 A iw 146 Ft MgSy 120 Cache ou w & tt — >Ca[nes|, lou a Mgt» —> MW WS — Mg INas} 2 - > 148 ; - M0 Eq wl = Me for Ca Mg because its chovge bs ‘o’. water gample contains saa ral tit of Calle > Whal is fa iw? the Avoad ness Ww galt x 100 [é4 wt of Cads] 60h; wt Ob vb hhosdness | couse @ ~~ maw hb hhandness csi at . . g WATER er SAIMEDHA ___ PAGE NO: tp= daa xlog m 200 ma frit o» ppm 4a A water Consuts of 8! mgltit CaliC03}, and 240 mg Hit Mgsou per liken caleulate its hardness Sof © SL x100 , Qudx1o0 162 120 = SOppm racoppm — asoppm 5 On a water gampk Ibe6 reg oh Mg loss 6a m4 and 100mg of Cal HCMsJ, » 6M] Casdy > asma Mg Cle sent per Liter ? Calculate its Oh Wa2bdy ar pre temperony > permanent and total srardness- ma[Hc0s]. = WG x00, - 19 1G Temperany = 20ppm Cal Hcos)> =i Casoy - = BRXWO _ 6p Eas peimanenl = lsoppm MgCl = As aloo log ) Tot hardness = 10 gh WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHA PAGE NO: 5u) A water has 200pp cao Oppm hardness duc to presence of mael 2. what & the uecigit of mg cla sin it 200 = wt «100 aE 200 X45 “or = cot wt = 190 mq dit ©. 5)2n a water sample 4-46 gt of malHcos)a is present io loo wt Caleulaile Ms hardness in ppm. mg (Hess ahs in Io Lit Converting q mbo mg ='h6 ¥100 = 14.60 ng roo wt x weomng hit Hardness = lu 6xt00 . ndness ie eae room] st o ppm 6) Ma water sample Homg op cat? is paesent io tooml what & its hardness ? 400ml ——40 ooomL —— 2u0d4ttit =z 400 X100_ LO 7 a g = 1000 pr m S WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHA PA aHAYA worlr sample consists oh O4 mob “111g 804 io 40 Ut cateulate ib dhandness vin Ppm? 4 mole - its molecular weight No-oh moles = 1k wt = No-of mobs x MO > 0-4 xI90 =tagams in tout me 1200dy ww 10 it . \200m4 | it Hearcdneas = 1200 x100_ 120 100mg [Lit {or] 1000 ppm- Units OF haadness ¢ 4 Mg /ut 2 PPM 3- Clarks gree [°e1} 4-Saench degree A] WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHA ; “TAD NO: 3WATER TREATM bee MeL a * The parts * The pools ob Cal0s equvivatent handness 106 mq. 4 Cacds equwalent fhandness & 40,000 my Of Colds equ hardness 10 me of wate ¥The parts © mq Ai S240 "4 of mg soa is 0-3? Fr sppm = 0-04%teL = on Fa pauent in a ft Lite wate, what s Hardness in —> 20 x100_ 10 — 200 PPM — 200 x0-4 #20 — 0- as ppm sop woater —>) 18-150 ppm moderate hand |» 180-300 PPM hod r— »>- 300 PPM von hnovid Disadvantages oh Hard wate: gD may effects adhe Aigusbive system and formation oh » dtones tn cidreys- unwariled 2+ Quality af clothes -9et damage » éoap wwaslage » stains nd colowr » cloth wes damage A Sg oes eee es ae SAIMEDHA PAGE NO: WATER TREATMENTB-9t Hokies umete dime = .COEI a Taste ef food will be changed. ‘Thdustries — Crystalization of Sagan will become difficult - — Quality ah cchenioals and festitigas should de effected r— The Auabity eh sdaugs will qc uffectad. i Gualily of cloth avith Ave effected unwanted colown will doe develop von fhe «cloth. Machines sand wilers: — > Bailers may get coro ded —? Machine act damage wand undo “go eowosion * Boiler, troubles , oy aly hand wales —> Classified toto 4 Cakegories fornation mA, sludge and sale a. ; 2» Boiler Conosion 8 Priming and pearing y Caustic embaittlement » SAIMEDHAWATER TREATMENT iudge Land , Scale Aomation :- VWhen the wale Soiled tuo oviley the floating dalts axe Called sludge wand deposited long Ahe vwoalls salts avie Seale. Studye P MgCds Mgcta > Mg 30u » Cacha sludge forming Salts - Scale - Ca(neos]s Mg [NEOa]a » My Cia» Casou » €aS05 » Mg S103 Studge trouble : — decreases dovilen zhpiciency > Ahettte «down im water — pipes ge blocked - — wastage of fuel: | + you mans poevent the frequesil sludge operctions we satt wata: Scale “houble: —>CalHcds3s ormed isto along the walls and fore 7% Leerned arto Salts cacds and deposite acaie- pgcos and form acale yo mMql cdo) AormingWATER TREATMENT eal Fo = Mg Che bs formed into My Tow), and own scale - {posrming atts: Soll. Scale: Ford Scale : (aC0s~ CalHCOs3s CaSOy More Jrosd Casio ; MgCos - Mg [ricos]. M4 ids M4 [oH2) - Magels * Acales ane more dangerous chan sludge ¥diluke WO, EDTA (ethylene Dlamina tetra acetic acid ) this churnical process via Used do parent Scales. + By unirg sot warer to poevent the formation of Scale. Qarteinal Wreakmentl + which t also called “ depsustiation vv condi tion ¥To prevent the stale Jownattion iw boilerse. & Noy C03 Carbonate condition POY — phosphate condition. By Joul we should not use. it ¥ QazhOy > NarNPOu » Nath whemicals we Can -pwvent Scale {ov phosphate ~ Nas (Nan [Post], waing this aclion. 4 Calgon [sodium heamela I ox By adding kuwsene » tannin » agen ~ ages 5 prevent scalese fell, we ca SAIMEDHAWATER TREATMENT rae FAN these aic called vergawic chemicals. * Ths yrocess ws Caled collodial ondition. Boilerscosmosivn :- woaler contains duclwed salts ov gases Can give compsion ph wvilers- ——> Beto taking dhe wooden into boiler clo “Mechén ical Aeoreation *. this spocess us wed to avoid the qrees my wooly - > &limmation oh Salts & called nti 8 Faiening and foaming > Paiming is called wel stream porouduction —— wel sheams with steam i called qnming eprocess « > This paiming wih effect “to get connsion of dike. -—>"to awrid priming: Dp means getting woadkey A\ops ae m | —sAtormation >} foam yw boilers ts Called foaming: Water sshould not Contain fares » qneases this with vill Occur foam ing: ack — 6 WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHA PAGE NO: 12.Casto] oil wand wilicie vacid will neduce the Jona Caustic err ibittlement |, MW is a type of hoiler cowosion Woarta contain . base And alkali then Jpvmation bh caustic wembuittle ment: I .Niascos os povesent vonter NaAoH wilh torm and boiler .cowosion wilh occur. Aaicring Method L574 ts Uinduatrial water tealment L—>Renioved of hand nes cousivg Salts fom wala and a make ih sopt 1s woved soytening- —— lime éoda povocess > clank 4s — > xeolite —— don-exchan @ Thue ane ‘the process Cloaks: CaTnc0s\, —? “acacos ¥2H20 to soh\ ‘the wale. ‘ Caton t, : Mglh costs +Lal Oke} — lee 2 __ WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHA PAGE NO: 13— Also 9 x 7 2t0 10 IK-—> y 72 to 6 —— > zeolite Oe — Yeolite +—> zeolite © anions ane -fowned - Zeolite Method: [Nasz » or Nagzey — calkd as permutit process —»Yeolite Chemical uvane 4 "Hydrated Boivin alumine Bivicate" — [Nas 0-Ala 03% $i02-8420} 00 types: a) Natural zeolite —> Nabolite by Aynthetic veotite —» pumatit is available from nawral and ib w known as .aen and. ste allow athe chard water yeplite bed and which makes ded contains Nat ions- : a Be SOy Cason —> Ca** + 80 Macs ing at+a ca — AL deat Nat 4alts ane formed and AWC03) Nat! passing Ennough the i Soft water - The Car ions Combine and stops in veolite bed and qee Nat ions. WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHAWATER TREATMENT : TM. —— Naz +Ca30y —> Caz +Na,s0y Nap» + MgCl 7 > Maz +2Nach YH Nagz +.Mg [ACOs] > Mae +2Na[HCOs} he Hand water — sodium uphile (so —>iohen aii the Nat ions tost bron teolite ded it yt voaten] Losses the capacity 2 ssoftening is Halted téxhausted veolite”. p— Getting back the Wa? sons to zeolite +s called - é ng nevation. Caetanatt —? Nast +Cachs mq pdvontng eS + > No Aludge dosmation > No skills snequinementts itanacl —9 NQ22 + Mag Cla —Orcupia the Less space: Disadvantages’ > bxchange of x | Acidic only we damaged « geolvte bed- tions but snob Anions veonnol de beated because its AIMEDHA PAGE NO: {5 WATER TREATMENT Ss.—"wihrid vont. ean't ibe streaked woith zeolite Method. —$»Residural Jnardenss will be ectended oh }OpPM. Son ~cxchanyg. wncthod : This method is also called as deaninealization or dejonisaction . t+—> This vay ereellent technic H—r4t gives woater equalvent to vain water [o ppm hhaidn 235) ot distied valor — Residual havidness vuill be maximum 2pm pe Rennesing ef salts [minerals] is Called “demin enali- xation. Use poss wottler dhvvough Aon ~achange desire Lhe Hard avater Ltcones ofl voater. — 4on sachonge vesins are vsqanic polymers - [ diyrene diving)! Longene copolymer } 5 — ation exhange aesins [acetic groups] — Anion exchange aCsINs Bo eatin exchange Faia ond hig: Cae q = ‘TMENT = BEL ae SAIMEDEA PAGE NO: {¢ —> 2m exchange avesinyWATER TREATMENT ate re: Anion seachonge musing OMMisl OH” ins - BHT > By passing Preval dviough both aesins cdo water ail sc vcome sept: i> 9n cation exchange resins Cul ations yons ane exchange Ht ions- : non sons OAL Ruta Nat — RNo*+H® Row aor ROL +0K™ ROH +803 + R804 +200 +o L__yyhen ali the 7 ions ove Lost CER and al the OH ono Wost doom AER they hoose. thee soptening capacity and tty om extvousttd § csivos — Iyptting Ht and OW 2. stalled _neqenciation SAIMEDHA aRH*+ca?t - > RoMg "+28 ROH FHCs —PRHCOS into exhausted mesins vrWATER TREATMENT ET — exhausted CER Can Le aqewiated Jy wonshing HNO3 > HCL > H2 S04 > dilecid Like. t—> €xhausted AER van de aegentraled Jy acaihiog with vdilbase Jike NaOH » KOH- r— C-ER ¢ RNA +HCL > RHt4+NaAtl Rugenuattion equal ans Re(a2*4aHCL ARH 4 Cache RaMg?!+ anc ARH Ts Ma Cl HF A-E=R Ream + NaDH —>RoH- + Nact i807 +akKDH —>2ROH" +K2S0y Disadvantages: t— Costly muthod — Compared Ap alt other process. I—>4unbrid water vean'b be Jneated. L_,efurbrid vooter consist ef Suspended vcolLoided povticles » g WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHA PAGE NO: 18WATER TREATMENT voater treatment Cor] ypolable avelu [or] ; Dairkir oot i The arequvirement {o% drinking wonton z- Maunei AL umust be vcolouikss vand sicterless (smat] ¥4t Aww de howe 2 epleseount taste x % Anould be vclear vand -hanspaent and should have turbidity Csuspended cand coltoidal J + Sunbidily should Je Jess Ahan 10 ppm. Limit 500 ppm, should ive 200 ppm ~~ Max a\\ovoable ¥ Hondness causing 6als *D should not have sdisolved gaseous: * 9 Ahould nol chave Jrormbul Jonnie metallic substances qike Menu ded i ph value should Le 4-8-5 Ran) l4 Slouride content should be Jess than arpm. at shouldn't have siganic matter q E ¥ PH shouldn't shove any micro organammns neipal water treatment consists of foun steps- — Nw | * Bereening ¥ Ali lation a Sedimentation ¥*Stewlization Se, WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHAALrcening © wns WATER TREATMENT fjleccting bigger objecls arc nemoved * Acieening ”. d ‘Jr parocess ob ony suspended perticles Aedimuerttation www She «Chemie floceulaits # Alum AY Ff conquuiarils and filter wos * Sand apitec 4 {\benisaction Soulrzation for) vdisinigebion: the ovicno biganisms ds vCalled The process akertization ; xe She eulstantes - Wued Ao Atte vdowm oh The een . Bedivauntaction”. . is called Jocttorn is called ls ; ‘ae als uscd por this creer coagulants and rotashalum we hioceedarits ‘ ALum Aho [S0u3; »>NarMtraOy na One complets a pantect pilterction - of killing i called Ciisintection [or] Germicides- 5) WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHA va vcommon chemical sued a k2S0u +» Ala [Sy J3- 2420 used Wo municipal water treatment Jail mio ; kil micio Organisms me PAGE NO: 00)Arnecction > €xpesed cto sunlight. i dotal but at will kill at -oome extent . Boiling +- Basic disinfection process and nol usebul Fon muanciplities - |Cloripation:- Mest widly wsed technique in wo. Bleaching powoden + [ Ca0Ch2] 10° Liters —ikg boleaching powder Caoth: +30 —CalOW],+Cl2— hin added to water 1hO +Cl, HCL +HOCL—> @t will kilo quims t Hypo chlomnic acid Disadvantages ei % Unnecessary oh Cato}, calcium hypochl #* Excess Bleaching powder is added to water punget taste anc samc. Clorinatwn a Directly passing chlorine into -ativn. | xechtorination ts wed to water is Called chloin- pass the chlorine wo water.De-chlonination : ha e-chlonination:- [$02 >Na280;]} Charcoal & chelphub fet sumo 24cess chlorine from the water. Break point Chlorination: The extent of chlorine thal ts “to passed -to qt i ely patent in water vis called “break ypoint chlor- Anation ”. seit “the activities should Le done .aftor the Leak pork chiori nation — when Os 6 pmUssed mtv’ water it quves nascent bay’ Os kills av the ems tb powrpul prweess — > But ths process Costly 0s —> 0 +L0} Chioaamine treatment CINH2 +1120 —— HOCL +NH3 —— chloramine & tong Jasting Lomponerit —JkMnOy — % Used in Stenyline @ WATER TREATMENT SAIMEDHA PAGE noWATER TREATM Desali mM 0 5 acon inaction ob Raackish water ov Saline wata I——»tVater comsists ob veny high salt eontent with a salty haste us Oled saline cooler 10000 [ Brackish toater } water] r—> 1000 ppm - 910,000 ppm - 35000 PP™ [saline > sea vealer > 35,000 —? hyper coline water - 4 tobal “dissolved 4olde upto 1000ppm is a normal |___, Removal 4, at Sporn Anackih % gortwe is Caled * Desalination’: : —— Two technic ore wed to cwemove sall from noe A-Reyerse Osmnasis 2-Elecaolys diolyss in Concerrb- udione ha ving dlifperent Qamosts © Th two co permeable memloane, HA sepuriated at a «emi ; yorn dou - ation o concentration then solvent [rater] passes Bide db higher concentration side > tilt ce 2 a SAIMEDHA PAGE NO: 03will doccome equal vi 7 to J . 4 vs called “Qamosrs ” [I Loni © hyper tonic J. rename EqrtRevival of flowers 2 Btornas of pickels 2 yigip, | Pm can be wmade with cellulose. acetate polymet> on polymetingi mcthvocrg ios oy polyamide polyrnryy |—_54t can also umade with _perchamert paper or coppe gewosyomide : HH» tater tnping to qt into cells is called edo-psumosis ——» Water ying to ee out from the cos ds colled e40- SoM bss Qasematic pacssurit = fhe prcsswie nhated «ide to stop dhe eso 08s two olutions shoving Aiqprenee 10 and uma than osmabic thot isto be appivied the high Yoon Revowe psomesis’ whin Concentiativo separated Joy oPM pusur appilid Over high - eoncu solvent passes’ fsom Lowes eoneentralion % ailid vnevewse somosis [ duper filtration o day per] iL in saline sis wed to nemove SW thation 4olution hen high xo x Rewewe esome ; water dApplication sot is used “to em ove soll prom sea voaler >Revewe gsomesis % used for ‘Kindly kidney pabence doa diakys> paovpose s- Advantages * and chap « ost —? €0s I—>No ne ating yno purl 4 used anic matt articles }vora woakt. — 4b can siemove OV — TL ncumoves colloidal 4p Disadvartace — stot of water ¥ —— Niemlnane ghould casa See welecl atand the presse w Ww) th Electrodiolys's Q Onis keclnnc by passin dinecl Cuvier into sea water nemoved + Leiectrotys® | an electrolytic cell ir — galt will be 5 which dons I» @t » dom Ww anem branes ant placed: yA the anions atincted towards anode {4ve} ons attrac ted towards cathode Eve) 3 AY the cali c. Thaough this 5 WATER TREATMENT ani SAIMEDHA PAGE NO:25~ Salts one vie moved.Def\uozidaction: Removal ob fluorides fiom veater —stf{outides $9 water vis uplo 1 ppm Caninking J — The qruoride Content in Wooler ested yirconnum alijanin Ae *: — > Dewloped by NEERT at nog pur 9, . @n nalgonda technic > to nemove plunaides , alum, lime and Loteaching powder will be Uaed- - -aythOd Alum ~ k2S0u “A C9007 into “Sodium aluminiam > fyuoride in water os convert chloride precipitate” [Hlocewlants J then it ould be Filter. this paocess bLumrice content will decreased to 5m cheaper —> lus wole wostagt ve atids and alkalies nt pinot viequined- qt will not 9 neq wn erm —ttigh skill