8-Bit A/D Converters with MUX Options
8-Bit A/D Converters with MUX Options
March 2006
ADC0844/ADC0848
8-Bit µP Compatible A/D Converters with Multiplexer
Options
General Description Features
The ADC0844 and ADC0848 are CMOS 8-bit successive n Easy interface to all microprocessors
approximation A/D converters with versatile analog input n Operates ratiometrically or with 5 VDC
multiplexers. The 4-channel or 8-channel multiplexers can voltage reference
be software configured for single-ended, differential or n No zero or full-scale adjust required
pseudo-differential modes of operation. n 4-channel or 8-channel multiplexer with address logic
The differential mode provides low frequency input common n Internal clock
mode rejection and allows offsetting the analog range of the n 0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply
converter. In addition, the A/D’s reference can be adjusted n 0.3" standard width 20-pin or 24-pin DIP
enabling the conversion of reduced analog ranges with 8-bit
n 28 Pin Molded Chip Carrier Package
resolution.
The A/Ds are designed to operate from the control bus of a
wide variety of microprocessors. TRI-STATE output latches
Key Specifications
that directly drive the data bus permit the A/Ds to be config- n Resolution 8 Bits
ured as memory locations or I/O devices to the microproces- n Total Unadjusted Error ± 1⁄2 LSB and ± 1 LSB
sor with no interface logic necessary. n Single Supply 5 VDC
n Low Power 15 mW
n Conversion Time 40 µs
Block Diagram
00501601
* ADC0848 shown in DIP Package CH5-CH8 not included on the ADC0844
00501602
Top View
00501629
Top View
See Ordering Information
Dual-In-Line Package
00501630
Top View
Ordering Information
Temperature Total Unadjusted Error MUX
Package Outline
Range ± 1⁄2 LSB ± 1 LSB Channels
N20A
0˚C to +70˚C ADC0844CCN 4
Molded Dip
N24C
ADC0848BCN ADC0848CCN 8
Molded Dip
J20A
ADC0844BCJ* ADC0844CCJ* 4
Cerdip
V28A
ADC0848BCV ADC0848CCV 8
−40˚C to +85˚C Molded Chip Carrier
V28A
ADC0848BCVX ADC0848CCVX 8 Molded Chip Carrier
in Tape and Reel
* Product/package combination obsolete; shown for reference only
[Link] 2
ADC0844/ADC0848
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2) Dual-In-Line Package (Ceramic) 300˚C
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, Molded Chip Carrier Package
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215˚C
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Infrared (15 seconds) 220˚C
Supply Voltage (VCC) 6.5V
Voltage
Operating Conditions (Notes 1, 2)
Logic Control Inputs −0.3V to +15V
At Other Inputs and Outputs −0.3V to VCC+0.3V Supply Voltage (VCC) 4.5 VDC to 6.0 VDC
Electrical Characteristics
The following specifications apply for VCC = 5 VDC unless otherwise [Link] limits apply from TMIN to TMAX; all
other limits TA = Tj = 25˚C.
ADC0844CCN
ADC0844BCJ (Note 12)
ADC0848BCN, ADC0848CCN
ADC0844CCJ (Note 12)
ADC0848BCV, ADC0848CCV Limit
Parameter Conditions
Tested Design Tested Design Units
Typ Typ
Limit Limit Limit Limit
(Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 6) (Note 7) (Note 6) (Note 7)
CONVERTER AND MULTIPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS
Maximum Total VREF=5.00 VDC
Unadjusted Error (Note 8)
ADC0844BCN, ADC0848BCN, BCV ± 1⁄2 ± 1⁄2 LSB
ADC0844CCN, ADC0848CCN, CCV ±1 ±1 LSB
ADC0844CCJ (Note 12) ±1 LSB
Minimum Reference Input Resistance 2.4 1.1 2.4 1.2 1.1 kΩ
Maximum Reference Input Resistance 2.4 5.9 2.4 5.4 5.9 kΩ
Maximum Common-Mode Input Voltage (Note 9) VCC+0.05 VCC+0.05 VCC+0.05 V
Minimum Common-Mode Input Voltage (Note 9) GND−0.05 GND−0.05 GND−0.05 V
DC Common-Mode Error Differential Mode ± 1/16 ± 1⁄4 ± 1/16 ± 1⁄4 ± 1⁄4 LSB
Power Supply Sensitivity VCC=5V ± 5% ± 1/16 ± 1⁄8 ± 1/16 ± 1⁄8 ± 1⁄8 LSB
(Note 10)
On Channel=5V, −1 −0.1 −1 µA
Off Channel Leakage Current Off Channel=0V
On Channel=0V, 1 0.1 1 µA
Off Channel=5V
DIGITAL AND DC CHARACTERISTICS
VIN(1), Logical “1” Input Voltage (Min) VCC=5.25V 2.0 2.0 2.0 V
VIN(0), Logical “0” Input Voltage (Max) VCC=4.75V 0.8 0.8 0.8 V
IIN(1), Logical “1” Input Current (Max) VIN=5.0V 0.005 1 0.005 1 µA
IIN(0), Logical “0” Input Current (Max) VIN=0V −0.005 −1 −0.005 −1 µA
VCC=4.75V,
VOUT(1), Logical “1” Output Voltage
IOUT=−360 µA 2.4 2.8 2.4 V
(Min)
IOUT=−10 µA 4.5 4.6 4.5 V
V
3 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
The following specifications apply for VCC = 5 VDC unless otherwise [Link] limits apply from TMIN to TMAX; all
other limits TA = Tj = 25˚C.
ADC0844CCN
ADC0844BCJ (Note 12)
ADC0848BCN, ADC0848CCN
ADC0844CCJ (Note 12)
ADC0848BCV, ADC0848CCV Limit
Parameter Conditions
Tested Design Tested Design Units
Typ Typ
Limit Limit Limit Limit
(Note 5) (Note 5)
(Note 6) (Note 7) (Note 6) (Note 7)
DIGITAL AND DC CHARACTERISTICS
VOUT(0), Logical “0” Output Voltage VCC=4.75V,
0.4 0.34 0.4 V
(Max) IOUT=1.6 mA
VOUT=0V −0.01 −3 −0.01 −0.3 −3 µA
IOUT, TRI-STATE Output Current (Max)
VOUT=5V 0.01 3 0.01 0.3 3 µA
ISOURCE, Output Source Current (Min) VOUT=0V −14 −6.5 −14 −7.5 −6.5 mA
ISINK, Output Sink Current (Min) VOUT=VCC 16 8.0 16 9.0 8.0 mA
ICC, Supply Current (Max) CS =1, VREF Open 1 2.5 1 2.3 2.5 mA
AC Electrical Characteristics
The following specifications apply for VCC = 5VDC, tr = tf = 10 ns unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply from TMIN
to TMAX; all other limits TA = Tj = 25˚C.
Tested Design
Typ
Parameter Conditions Limit Limit Units
(Note 5)
(Note 6) (Note 7)
tC, Maximum Conversion Time (See Graph) 30 40 60 µs
tW(WR), Minimum WR Pulse Width (Note 11) 50 150 ns
tACC, Maximum Access Time (Delay from Falling Edge of RD
CL = 100 pF (Note 11) 145 225 ns
to Output Data Valid)
t1H, t0H, TRI-STATE Control (Maximum Delay from Rising CL = 10 pF, RL = 10k
125 200 ns
Edge of RD to Hi-Z State) (Note 11)
tWI, tRI, Maximum Delay from Falling Edge of WR or RD to ns
(Note 11) 200 400
Reset of INTR
tDS, Minimum Data Set-Up Time (Note 11) 50 100 ns
tDH, Minimum Data Hold Time (Note 11) 0 50 ns
CIN, Capacitance of Logic Inputs 5 pF
COUT, Capacitance of Logic Outputs 5 pF
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating
the device beyond its specified operating conditions.
Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pins.
Note 3: When the input voltage (VIN) at any pin exceeds the power supply rails (VIN < V−or VIN > V+) the absolute value of the current at that pin should be limited
to 5 mA or less. The 20 mA package input current limits the number of pins that can exceed the power supply boundaries with a 5 mA current limit to four.
Note 4: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
Note 5: Typical figures are at 25˚C and represent most likely parametric norm.
Note 6: Tested limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 7: Design limits are guaranteed by not 100% tested. These limits are not used to calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 8: Total unadjusted error includes offset, full-scale, linearity, and multiplexer error.
Note 9: For VIN (−) ≥ VIN(+) the digital output code will be 0000 0000. Two on-chip diodes are tied to each analog input, which will forward-conduct for analog input
voltages one diode drop below ground or one diode drop greater than VCC supply. Be careful during testing at low VCC levels (4.5V), as high level analog inputs (5V)
can cause this input diode to conduct, especially at elevated temperatures, and cause errors for analog inputs near full-scale. The spec allows 50 mV forward bias
of either diode. This means that as long as the analog VIN does not exceed the supply voltage by more than 50 mV, the output code will be correct. To achieve an
absolute 0 VDC to 5 VDC input voltage range will therefore require a minimum supply voltage of 4.950 VDC over temperature variations, initial tolerance and loading.
Note 10: Off channel leakage current is measured after the channel selection.
Note 11: The temperature coefficient is 0.3%/˚C.
Note 12: This product/package combination is obsolete. Shown for reference only.
[Link] 4
ADC0844/ADC0848
Typical Performance Characteristics
Logic Input Threshold Output Current vs.
Voltage vs. Supply Voltage Temperature
00501632
00501631
00501633 00501634
00501635 00501636
5 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
00501637
00501605
00501604
tr = 20 ns
t0H t0H, CL = 10 pF
00501607
tr = 20 ns
00501606
[Link] 6
ADC0844/ADC0848
Leakage Current Test Circuit
00501608
Timing Diagrams
Programming New Channel Configuration and Starting a Conversion
00501609
Note 13: Read strobe must occur at least 600 ns after the assertion of interrupt to guarantee reset of INTR .
Note 14: MA stands for MUX address.
Using the Previously Selected Channel Configuration and Starting a Conversion
7 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
Timing Diagrams (Continued)
00501610
[Link] 8
ADC0848 Functional Block Diagram
9
00501611
[Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
ADC0844/ADC0848
Functional Description The actual voltage converted is always the difference be-
tween an assigned “+” input terminal and a “−” input terminal.
The ADC0844 and ADC0848 contain a 4-channel and The polarity of each input terminal of the pair being con-
8-channel analog input multiplexer (MUX) respectively. Each verted indicates which line the converter expects to be the
MUX can be configured into one of three modes of operation most positive. If the assigned “+” input is less than the “−”
differential, pseudo-differential, and single ended. These input the converter responds with an all zeros output code.
modes are discussed in the Applications Information Sec-
A unique input multiplexing scheme has been utilized to
tion. The specific mode is selected by loading the MUX
provide multiple analog channels. The input channels can be
address latch with the proper address (see Table 1 and
software configured into three modes: differential, single
Table 2). Inputs to the MUX address latch (MA0-MA4) are
ended, or pseudo-differential. Figure 1 shows the three
common with data bus lines (DB0-DB4) and are enabled
modes using the 4-channel MUX ADC0844. The eight inputs
when the RD line is high. A conversion is initiated via the CS
of the ADC0848 can also be configured in any of the three
and WR lines. If the data from a previous conversion is not
modes. In the differential mode, the ADC0844 channel inputs
read, the INTR line will be low. The falling edge of WR will
are grouped in pairs, CH1 with CH2 and CH3 with CH4. The
reset the INTR line high and ready the A/D for a conversion
polarity assignment of each channel in the pair is inter-
cycle. The rising edge of WR, with RD high, strobes the data
changeable. The single-ended mode has CH1–CH4 as-
on the MA0/DB0-MA4/DB4 inputs into the MUX address
signed as the positive input with the negative input being the
latch to select a new input configuration and start a conver-
analog ground (AGND) of the device. Finally, in the pseudo-
sion. If the RD line is held low during the entire low period of
differential mode CH1–CH3 are positive inputs referenced to
WR the previous MUX configuration is retained, and the data
CH4 which is now a pseudo-ground. This pseudo-ground
of the previous conversion is the output on lines DB0-DB7.
input can be set to any potential within the input common-
After the conversion cycle (tC ≤ 40 µs), which is set by the
mode range of the converter. The analog signal conditioning
internal clock frequency, the digital data is transferred to the
required in transducer-based data acquisition systems is
output latch and the INTR is asserted low. Taking CS and RD
significantly simplified with this type of input flexibility. One
low resets INTR output high and outputs the conversion
converter package can now handle ground referenced in-
result on the data lines (DB0-DB7).
puts and true differential inputs as well as signals with some
arbitrary reference voltage.
Applications Information The analog input voltages for each channel can range from
50 mV below ground to 50 mV above VCC (typically 5V)
1.0 MULTIPLEXER CONFIGURATION
without degrading conversion accuracy.
The design of these converters utilizes a sampled-data com-
parator structure which allows a differential analog input to
be converted by a successive approximation routine.
[Link] 10
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued)
4 Single-Ended
00501612
2 Differential
00501613
3 Pseudo-Differential
00501614
Combined
00501615
2.0 REFERENCE CONSIDERATIONS In a ratiometric system (Figure 2a), the analog input voltage
The voltage applied to the reference input of these convert- is proportional to the voltage used for the A/D reference. This
ers defines the voltage span of the analog input (the differ- voltage is typically the system power supply, so the VREF pin
ence between VIN(MAX) and VIN(MIN)) over which the 256 can be tied to VCC. This technique relaxes the stability
possible output codes apply. The devices can be used in requirements of the system reference as the analog input
either ratiometric applications or in systems requiring abso- and A/D reference move together maintaining the same
lute accuracy. The reference pin must be connected to a output code for a given input condition. For absolute accu-
voltage source capable of driving the minimum reference racy (Figure 2b), where the analog input varies between very
input resistance of 1.1 kΩ. This pin is the top of a resistor specific voltage limits, the reference pin can be biased with a
divider string used for the successive approximation conver- time and temperature stable voltage source. The LM385 and
sion. LM336 reference diodes are good low current devices to use
with these converters.
11 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued) to both selected “+” and “−” inputs for a conversion (60 Hz is
most typical). The time interval between sampling the “+”
The maximum value of the reference is limited to the VCC input and then the “−” inputs is 1⁄2 of a clock period. The
supply voltage. The minimum value, however, can be quite change in the common-mode voltage during this short time
small (see Typical Performance Characteristics) to allow interval can cause conversion errors. For a sinusoidal
direct conversions of transducer outputs providing less than common-mode signal this error is:
a 5V output span. Particular care must be taken with regard
to noise pickup, circuit layout and system error voltage
sources when operating with a reduced span due to the
increased sensitivity of the converter (1 LSB equals VREF/ 00501638
256).
where fCM is the frequency of the common-mode signal,
3.0 THE ANALOG INPUTS Vpeak is its peak voltage value and tC is the conversion time.
For a 60 Hz common-mode signal to generate a 1⁄4 LSB error
3.1 Analog Differential Voltage Inputs and (≈5 mV) with the converter running at 40 µS, its peak value
Common-Mode Rejection would have to be 5.43V. This large a common-mode signal is
The differential input of these converters actually reduces much greater than that generally found in a well designed
the effects of common-mode input noise, a signal common data acquisition system.
[Link] 12
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued) 4.2 Full-Scale
The full-scale adjustment can be made by applying a differ-
4.0 OPTIONAL ADJUSTMENTS ential input voltage which is 1 1⁄2 LSB down from the desired
analog full-scale voltage range and then adjusting the mag-
4.1 Zero Error nitude of the VREF input for a digital output code changing
The zero of the A/D does not require adjustment. If the from 1111 1110 to 1111 1111.
minimum analog input voltage value, VIN(MIN), is not ground,
a zero offset can be done. The converter can be made to 4.3 Adjusting for an Arbitrary Analog Input Voltage
output 0000 0000 digital code for this minimum input voltage Range
by biasing any VIN (−) input at this VIN(MIN) value. This is If the analog zero voltage of the A/D is shifted away from
useful for either differential or pseudo-differential modes of ground (for example, to accommodate an analog input signal
input channel configuration. which does not go to ground), this new zero reference
The zero error of the A/D converter relates to the location of should be properly adjusted first. A VIN (+) voltage which
the first riser of the transfer function and can be measured by equals this desired zero reference plus 1⁄2 LSB (where the
grounding the V− input and applying a small magnitude LSB is calculated for the desired analog span, 1 LSB =
positive voltage to the V+ input. Zero error is the difference analog span/256) is applied to selected “+” input and the
between actual DC input voltage which is necessary to just zero reference voltage at the corresponding “−” input should
cause an output digital code transition from 0000 0000 to then be adjusted to just obtain the 00HEX to 01HEX code
0000 0001 and the ideal 1⁄2 LSB value (1⁄2 LSB=9.8 mV for transition.
VREF=5.000 VDC).
00501616
a) Ratiometric
00501617
b) Absolute with a Reduced Span
13 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued) where VMAX=the high end of the analog input range and
VMIN=the low end (the offset zero) of the analog range. (Both
The full-scale adjustment should be made [with the proper are ground referenced.)
VIN (−) voltage applied] by forcing a voltage to the VIN (+) The VREF (or VCC) voltage is then adjusted to provide a code
input which is given by: change from FEHEX to FFHEX. This completes the adjust-
ment procedure.
For an example see the Zero-Shift and Span Adjust circuit
below.
00501618
00501619
[Link] 14
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued)
00501620
00501621
Diodes are 1N914
15 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued)
00501622
DO = all 1s if VIN(+) > VIN(−)
DO = all 0s if VIN(+) < VIN(−)
00501623
* VIN(−)=0.15 VCC
15% of VCC≤VXDR≤85% of VCC
[Link] 16
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued)
00501625
Note: DUT pin numbers in parentheses are for ADC0844, others are for ADC0848.
00501626
CS • WR will update the channel configuration and start a conversion.
CS • RD will read the conversion data and start a new conversion without updating the channel configuration.
Waiting for the end of this conversion is not necessary. A CS • WR can immediately follow the CS • RD .
17 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued)
00501627
;CONVERSION SUBROUTINE
;ENTRY:ACC — A/D MUX DATA
;EXIT: ACC — CONVERTED DATA
ORG 50H
0050 99 FE CONV: ANL P1,#0FEH ;CHIP SELECT THE A/D
0052 91 MOVX @ R1,A ;LOAD A/D MUX & START CONVERSION
[Link] 18
ADC0844/ADC0848
Applications Information (Continued)
00501628
END
Note 15: This routine sequentially programs the MUX data latch in the signal-ended mode. For CH1-CH8 a conversion is started, then a 50 µs wait for the A/D to
complete a conversion and the data is stored at address ADDTA for CH1, ADDTA + 1 for CH2, etc.
19 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
[Link] 20
ADC0844/ADC0848
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
21 [Link]
ADC0844/ADC0848 8-Bit µP Compatible A/D Converters with Multiplexer Options
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves
the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
For the most current product information visit us at [Link].