wy countably inpnile ta lang On ae DU) jhe Lanchion (Ss Senter a A 1 4 dso, VV 2111) My PXS%) ae Pr C= Lb Lyons 5 SO ae hr KA ME a is olla Prob 4 aFancting fp yv X - the term “mass Had thot probobiliti> aie asigned tp distinct, seporate Values-The. dustnbution fanckion CPmp) oft vis Piw)= = Pe) ¢ i, Graph f dvv Gomisb of fe ; Zerhinv. > horizerrtal One segments alan Teen succeuti Y(y;) ab each value co >, amp or height gud @> / ye : BoP 4 Exomple 3 coins tossed he n(s) = Se Can —, ATH HE-Ts THHy THT, 1TH, X2 No of) Heads af appeared in a) 8 coin XS Opi 253 Disba bution iS Pri Krobabiilh by poe De (HH f PiX23) = f Distr bubon inthe is ly 1 P(IXswe= 0 2 aes » PiXewe= Plk=0) = bg : X22, PUOlSW= P= + Prx=[)= 143 ales. co} 2 ? ae 22x23, PLXEW = POZO) tPX=1) + per=2)=! ae ao +2 x>3, we have Dexe ne 2 PUL=H)= eos 1) 4POr22) +PUG})> (2 aaatn bution fenchon f(%) Fix) V2 for C2)" distnbution thin, by using re an J D ! oy “| Anchon, we Bnd prob 4 = PL2D=FD | ploe x43) = FLD -FCO) Plocxg3) = % ip we want to Bock the Padabili'y for PU SKeR) ea roe He Plicme d= PLU +P) +PCR) = % +3 + Z g = tg : 'D (1s Ke3= PlodxS3é xomple #2 ) fal tuo sixsitd dice, the possible sumy (4 X can be fake vallts from 2tol2 rome el = D lobhx.) | Mean & Discrete rv Joc; Vp [ero an [eed 0 oe Ieee cael 736 “a EOD= Ex; Pl 3 | 726 | 320 | % ie Elon) = 72 4 | 36 | 3 ap s | 446 eb | [Eqo=7] 4 | S26 G yf Variance of Discrete nv: ie | S26 g | 56 q | 36 | Var l= EOO)-{Eoo J | lo | 346 a x6 ti | Yee | 3 d El4)= a El tb dip Var(q= a Varlx) +C #2) Variance = arr) | = 1» VrX)=o= 2 “Sum af all Prob=! Coe EPO0=) Gao 430 +6C=/** Probabilibes laye Sarre Pa both Variables x & ¥ Yo of the equation: Ply) = Pod) ew find Mean sas ince oP Variable Ys- op Mais YP 4 Ply I> aps 7/2. 2M : Zale 3% ales Ry) 39Mean 2- E(4)> sy PCy) Eup> [Eee =] Voi ances- KX ay Fy Ms (4 Fe) Ee SI (sia) (25Corhrvows Komedom Vanrables A rondo Variable X is de Fred) oe = fntinvows ip it can assume eve possible value in an interval [a,b] a ° ach Ralf - foo - Tea Pag xZb) () )= Pacneb)= roads ‘Za aa be co & +20 ofl y PC%X=9) 20, Whee, o bb p if X is % Continvow vanclom variable ~ the term “density” 10 mathemats replects tat Probabilities are asthe buteol continuo usb over Intervals, uth the Proboby }jtu 4 "y 3) nale phy air zeyo. theils wh po babi Lind 70N y &n 4 oe a Variable os Pro yf by Ite fro fey: byes Cotinvos es Variables Ud PLO Zo Gil) The Probability that X fakes on qi jt dx =/ Value In the inttyved lod], Ca). Plcaned)= Ha)-Flc)= Lote fe Pe Linbin of Crwi- Hood. Gs Zn = PLUEW)= -fhw dx —ci) PlLAExEb)= See ee. de. Fox) — a)g Exomple #1) I conhnvow rv had the pdf piren by 2x 04% 4) Loo =lo offerwise dy Find Jen fanchon Fe 3 Hi ond distibubon fant fon Hx) Q) Check if totel area under land? we Flo to Find probabilite aurve is unl 4 fn in A, b,crds € y J. ElurPlKe y= PLOS XLY) Fateh area = Ploc xe!) = | Poddx = fear | S poxdy ef, iy core Tota! areaz U)- (0) ES) r : | (bps PIG Sx4)) of Pow dx My pie p ; mee ae Pc ~ FC ty) (A) PUXS %)= PlOS*SS) = hz a | 28 =(%)- Se Ie Pee co leases VY 6 | ©) Pixak) =0 Become ts Continuous Yomolom Naviable -2) ) A conhirvew rv X has the fottowsira( to % Ocx4 /[ Example # pede M2 Soul 4,G-0 lox 42) Ny 24x63 Wg, (4x) SKE 4 oO otheruuse Solutions— ——-— (a) Show total areais one Tefal area= P(-0 fer x20 » Fir) =o then Pon) = 9,0) Pen) = 0(oO “= 0 ic => Por 16x42, Hw-= Se he (3x «) (16 then» [2 dg, (w) - o OO} = Fe) 3U1x)- le ax] FAS | >For %>2 , pot then Box= dy, a) LOW) =0 iM the Probab Oy’ detreby ton alee ls 0 YS 4e% 06 KeI ZeBW) 16x62 0 NodNow Brno Probability of - PX) <1) = Pon S Els) = P(-l'seners) =r S [Sader PB nd ° Ps 15 2 ¥ we 9 xX %q a | * Flx-Kj] 2 i 2 Dy geal *Si- teeta ns bfx Com iJ a2 2 [fo (oY J+ nie. us)~ G@- wy] %[U-0) + (45- 22)-G-4) ] ee fi [+ 3345- Desig (1875)Now, Pliers) = I Plucis). te 0175 Plindsrs) = 025. Mean & Variance al) Gobi vii Rarer ail W) U= Er) = [afew du: WW Vor (X)=o~= Elu-uy = = fe Metewsdre or os ea aE tr?) ~ (Ee) os Prebeon dy ap at) I Dex) =Ie¥ [eas ~(cxy] = a fEcx) -[e ~(Ecx)]? ee VV X how the pap atten a ee C2 Ke) is ofherwuse . inh UU vb ox Us PLix- ~uJdcr)Sol uh ong 169 C) Means we ff food -00 = 3, [ora ode / %(% +] - % [l,0-0+ fci-or)ae) , ATS 3 dL o Tf 79 Pe (Yay Gg os sino (Uy es aad = 4(58)-s z Pei, Dae B! a Sy 2 a - Gu 5/2-45 1280 2: Gao LO 7280Up) PUlx ule be P(e ent Die Sa) Gi = Pl uU= Gem 6 Uae = P(0.562-0:2896 % < 0'S62+ 0.239) =P (0-2734enco'8S/6) o 85/6 = Lex) Pr. o2F34 oRSI6 [ yu redde g O8SI6. 02784 a sll S16) 4 (oas3 J [e 278ty )+ c2zss) = 34 [ Co 85/6 102058) (0.27) t 0:0068 ) | 3 [1.0574 ~0 2802).Chebychevis 4 Gey Een 87 having mean | W& Variance 6 30,4. k is zi postive comtant, then the Probability that 0 value of X falls within k 8Ds | of, the ae, at Leal (1-2): pee é / (| Pluck kee XCutks) Z Ue Ga? or, Ax -ul2 ks] S ba | Proof By definition, we have o> ELX-u)'= de Ay bey) dx Dividing the Pange ivite 3 Lijir| Parb *(—00 » v ke) eC u-kopU +ko~) °( utke~, +eo) we have. : bys Rilx-uleke- ) Gives tourer bound (u-keen c utkey) ves upper bounds ) ile; ae = ke % Genre OW i) pao si Fonrd tf ow ifoodas fa Atke~ yA yhen rayPpina the ea ef 7 Ye I nsw Pow det fos uy towda _ ice ‘ x-u]>ks (%-u ie koo~ — whereas, HZU the : U-Kke u-ke- £00 a f Rerloodus f kor Lordy = Utke~ 5 a aay +f Low dy. urke 4 ke a Pom) te f feud < Ips ae Utke Hence» LER Pluk Iba U-ke F shows how te Varian® mean a ran fo, rv Ht hol fir all pape hay men t Vanane :Exormple £1) A) continvows rv X has pdf 4 Re 02uz) fovy= a ; 0 ofheyuuse payrey plu ge EXE uUt1 So) Compare the results dus to chebychevs ineguall ty blitions—