Seating

Arrangement
LOGICAL REASONING

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Seating arrangement
Information of the arrangement of people in a row or around circular or around a square table will be given.
And you need to arrange people in the row or circle or square according to the given conditions.

Linear Arrangement:
In this section, a student is required to arrange people in a line/row or multiple rows according to the given
conditions.

Important words and their meanings for Linear Arrangement: -

When people face North then the left/right direction is:

When people face South then the left/right direction is:

When A is second to the left of B: (In case of North direction)

When A is second to the right of B: (In case of North direction)

When A is 2 places away from B: (There will be a gap of one place/person between A and B).

When A is two places to the right of B or B is two places to the left of A: (There will be a gap of one place/
person between A and B).
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When there are two people between A and B:

Note: People are facing North in above diagrams.

Points to Remember
 If A is three places away from B is given then 3 – 1 = 2 people will sit between them.

Single Row Unidirectional: (Unidirectional means, facing only in one

direction):
In this section, people will be arranged in a single row and everyone will face in the same direction.

Example:

Direction: Read the instructions carefully and answer the question below.

Eight people Aman, Bunty, Chirag, Dhoni, Emran, Firoz, Gomzy and Harsh are standing in a queue facing
north, to fetch water from the water tanker. Bunty is standing last in the queue. There are three people
between Bunty and Aman. Aman is an immediate neighbour of Dhoni and Harsh. There are two people
between Aman and Chirag. Emran is standing at third position from the last while Harsh is at fourth position
from the last. Chirag is standing immediately next to Firoz. The last person is standing at the extreme right.

Question:-

What is the position of Gomzy in the queue from the left end?

Answer:

8 people: Aman, Bunty, Chirag, Dhoni, Emran, Firoz, Gomzy and Harsh

1) Bunty is standing last in the queue. The last person is standing at the extreme right.

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2) There are three people between Bunty and Aman.

(Therefore, Aman is at fourth position)

3)Aman is an immediate neighbour of Dhoni and Harsh. The meaning of this line is that Aman is immediately
between Dhoni and Harsh.

Hence from this Two cases will form:

4) Emran is at third position from the last while Harsh is at fourth position from the last.

(Therefore, Emran is at 6th position from the start and Harsh is at 5th position from the start.

Also, Case 2 gets eliminated here because in this case 5th position is occupied by Dhoni)

5) There are two people between Aman and Chirag.

6) Chirag is immediately next to Firoz.

(Therefore, Chirag is at first position, Firoz is at 2nd position and Gomzy should be at 7th position)

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Answer:

Hence, Gomzy is at 7th position from the left end.

Single Row Unidirectional + 1 Variable

In this section, people will be arranged in a single row and everyone will face in the same direction but there
will be 1 variable with them (like fruits/colors/ flowers/ city/ food etc.)

Example:

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:

Eight persons Tinku, Rinku, Minku, Ninku, Chinku, Neenu, Seenu, and Meenu are sitting in a row facing North
but not necessarily in the same order. They all like different tea viz. Black, Green, White, Purple, Peach,
Oolong, Jasmine, and Herbal but not necessarily in the same order. Herbal tea is not liked by Meenu. Neither
Rinku nor Meenu likes Jasmine tea. The person who likes Peach tea is sitting to the left of the one who likes
Oolong tea. Meenu is sitting to the immediate left of the one who likes Oolong tea. The person who likes
Peach tea is sitting to the immediate right of Chinku. The number of persons to the right of Minku is one
more than the number of persons sitting to the left of Ninku. Ninku likes Purple tea. Rinku is sitting to the
immediate right of Minku who likes White tea. The person who likes White tea is sitting adjacent to Tinku.
Only two persons are sitting between Tinku and the one who likes Green tea. Tinku is sitting at one of the
extreme ends. Neither Seenu nor Tinku like Oolong tea.

Question:

How many person(s) is/are sitting between Minku and Meenu?

Solution:

Given person: Tinku, Rinku, Minku, Ninku, Chinku, Neenu, Seenu, and Meenu

Given tea name: Black, Green, White, Purple, Peach, Oolong, Jasmine, and Herbal

1. Tinku is sitting at one of the extreme ends.

(Here, there are two possible cases: Case 1: Tinku sits at the extreme left end, Case 2: Tinku sits at the
extreme right end)

2. Only two persons are sitting between Tinku and the one who likes Green tea.

3. The person who likes White tea is sitting adjacent to Tinku.

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4. Rinku is sitting to the immediate right of Minku who likes White tea.

5. The number of persons to the right of Minku is one more than the number of persons sitting to the left of
Ninku.

6. Ninku likes Purple tea.

(In case 2, Tinku is sitting to the immediate right of Minku. So, we can eliminate case 2)

7. The person who likes Peach tea is sitting to the immediate right of Chinku.

Here, there are 2 possible cases:

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8. Meenu is sitting to the immediate left of the one who likes Oolong tea.

9. The person who likes Peach tea is sitting to the left of the one who likes Oolong tea.

(In case 1.2, the person who likes Peach tea cannot sit to the left of the one who likes Oolong tea, as the one
who likes Peach tea is at the extreme right end. So, we can eliminate case 1.2)

10. Neither Seenu nor Tinku like Oolong tea.

(So, Seenu likes Peach tea, and Neenu likes Oolong tea)

11. Neither Rinku nor Meenu likes Jasmine tea.

(So, Tinku likes Jasmine tea)

12. Herbal tea is not liked by Meenu.

(So, Rinku likes Herbel tea)

The only tea remaining is Black tea so Meenu likes Black tea.

Answer:

Hence, Four persons are sitting between Minku and Meenu.

Single Row Bidirectional:

In this section, people will be arranged in a single row and they will face in two different directions.

Some of them will face North Direction and Some of them will face South Direction.

OR

Some of them will face East Direction and Some of them will face West Direction.
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Example:

Eight persons A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting in a line and equal number of persons are facing north and
south direction. Not more than two consecutive adjacent persons face in same direction. Persons at
extreme end face in same direction.

A sits third to the right of D, who sits immediate right of H. H faces north direction. Two persons sit between
A and E. D does not sit at extreme end. B sits immediate right of C and both face south direction. B and A
are not adjacent to each other. G does not face south.

Question: How many persons sit between A and H?

Solution:

Eight persons: A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H.

1) A sits third to the right of D, who sits immediate right of H.

2) H faces north direction.

3) Two persons sit between A and E.

4) D does not sit at extreme end.

On combining these sentences we get two possible cases:

5) B sits immediate right of C and both face south direction.

6) B and A are not adjacent to each other.

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7) G does not face south.

From this statement, our case 1 is eliminated, as all the position left in that case is facing south, which is
incorrect according to the question.

So, G will face North and sit at extreme right end.

From this only one person is left and also one place is left, so F will sit adjacent to both A and H and face
South.

The final arrangement is:

Answer:

One person sits between A and H.

Single Row Bidirectional + 1 variable:

In this section, people will be arranged in a single row and they will face in two different directions but there
will be one variable with them (like fruits/colors/ flowers/ city/ food etc.)

Example:

Direction: Read the following information carefully and answer the questions.

Seven persons Siri, Mona, Ali, Anil, Amar, Ankita and Kavya are sitting in a straight line. Some of them are
facing North and some are facing South direction. All of them like different flowers viz. Lotus, daffodil, rose,
sunflower, daisy, lily, tulip not necessarily in the same order. Ankita who neither likes rose nor daffodil, sits
second from one of the ends facing opposite direction to that of Ali. A person who sits in the middle likes
lotus but does not face in north direction, but his immediate neighbours are facing in opposite direction (if
one is facing in north then other will be facing south or vice versa). Kavya will not sit at any of the ends and
likes either daffodil or lotus. Ankita sits second to left of Amar who is facing south. Only two persons are
sitting between Anil and one who likes rose and both are facing in opposite direction. The persons who like
daffodil and rose are sitting together but the person who likes daffodil faces opposite direction to that of a
person who likes lotus. A person who likes tulip sits second to right of Ali who likes daisy. The person who
likes Lily and Siri are neighbours and face the same direction.

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Question:-

How many people are sitting between the person who likes lily and the person who likes daisy.

Solution:

1) A person who sits in the middle likes lotus but does not face in north direction, but his immediate
neighbours are facing in opposite direction.

2) Ankita who neither likes rose nor daffodil, sits second from one of the ends facing opposite direction to
that of Ali.

3) Ankita sits second to left of Amar who is facing south.

Therefore, case 2 eliminates, as from this Ankita will sit second to the right of Amar.

4) Only two persons are sitting between Anil and the one who likes rose and both of them are facing in
opposite direction.

5) Kavya will not sit at any of the ends and likes either daffodil or lotus.

There two possibilities for Anil and the person who likes rose.

On combining these sentences, we get that Kavya will like Daffodil, as Lotus is already liked by Amar.

Also position of the person who likes Rose and Anil is not definite.

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5) The persons who like daffodil and rose are sitting together but the person who likes daffodil faces opposite
direction to that of a person who likes lotus.

Hence, Case 1.2 will be eliminated from here.

So, Anil sits between Ankita and Amar.

Immediate neighbours of lotus are facing in opposite direction. (refer point 1)

7) The person who likes tulip sits second to right of Ali who likes daisy.

Only one place is left for Ali that is at extreme right end.

8) The person who likes Lily and Siri are neighbours and face the same direction.

Anil and one who likes rose both are facing in opposite direction. (refer point 4)

The final arrangement:

So the person who likes Lily and the person who likes Daisy sit at the extreme ends, and therefore, five
people are sitting between them.

Answer: Hence, Five is the correct answer.

Dual Row
In this section, people will be arranged in 2 different rows.

People of One row are facing North direction and the other is facing in South direction.

OR

People of One row are facing in the East direction and the other is facing in the West direction.

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Example:

Direction: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions follows:

Ten people – A, B, C, D, E, P, Q, R, S, and T are sitting in two rows with five persons in each row namely row-1
and row-2. Each person in row-1 is facing north and each person in another row is facing south. Each person
in row 1 faces a person of another row. A, B, C, D, and E are facing towards north while P, Q, R, S, and T are
facing towards the south but not necessarily in the same order.

E is not an immediate neighbor of D. Neither P nor S sit at any of the extreme ends of the row. Q is an
immediate neighbor of S and facing E. D is facing the person who is sitting 2nd to the right of the person who
faces C. P is sitting 2nd to the right of S. T sits at one of the extreme ends but doesn’t face C. B is sitting to the
immediate left of D. R sits second to the left of T.

Question: If row-1 people sit in alphabetical order starting from left end then who will face S?

Solution:

1) D is facing the person who is sitting 2nd to the right of the person who faces C.

2) B is sitting to the immediate left of D.

3) P is sitting 2nd to the right of S.

4) Neither P nor S sit at any of the extreme ends of the row.

On combining these two sentences we get, two possible cases:

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5) R sits second to the left of T.

6) T sits at one of the extreme ends but doesn’t face C.

7) E is not an immediate neighbor of D.

8) A sits to the left of E.

On combining these two sentences, our Case 1 is eliminated, as in that case only if E sit to the immediate
right of D, then only A will sit to the left of E.

So this violates our statement, so this is eliminated.

And now only one person is left and only one position is left so Q will sit at the extreme end of the row.

So, the final arrangement is:

D will face S is persons of Row 1 are arranged according to alphabetical order.

So the correct answer is D.

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Circular Arrangement
Circular arrangement is a type of seating arrangement where people are seated around a circular table.

Important words and their meanings for Circular Arrangement: -

 Clockwise and Anticlockwise direction:

 When the person is facing inside/centre, his left side will be in clockwise direction and his right
side will be in anticlockwise direction.

 When the person is facing outside/away from the centre, his left side will be in anticlockwise
direction and his right side will be in clockwise direction.

 And, but, is : These are the words which are used for the first person which is given in the
statement.

 Who, which , whom, whose: These are the words which are used for the second/last person
which is given in the statement.

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For example: Six people A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting around a circular table facing towards the centre. A is
sitting third to the left of B who sits immediately to the right of C. E sits to the immediate right of F and third
to the left of D.

B - second person

E - first person

 Whenever people are facing in two directions and seating in a arrangement, then possibility for both
the facing is considered:

 Whenever in a circular arrangement/ polygon arrangement people are sitting together and some
people are facing inside and some people are facing outside.

OR

 Whenever in a linear arrangement people are sitting together and some people are facing North
direction and some people are facing South direction.

 Then, At the time of arrangement we will always consider both the facing of the persons, Until
the definite facing of that person is not given in the question.

Example: 4 people are sitting in a circle. A sits third to the left of B.

Case 1: We will consider here, B is facing Inside the circle.

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Case 2: We will consider here, B is facing Outside the circle.

 Facing each other/ sit opposite each other:

 Whenever in the question it is given that A is facing B or A is sitting opposite to B, these both are
the same conditions but this is applicable only when people are facing inside the circle.

 Two or three places away:

 Ram is sitting two places away from the right of Sita:

 In this statement only one person will sit between Ram and Sita. As , place/position of Sita is also
considered in counting of the places.

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Common Mistake
After reading this statement in the question, students think that there will be two people between Ram and
Sita which is definitely wrong.

Circular Unidirectional: (Unidirectional means, facing only in one

direction)

In this section, a student is required to arrange people around a circular table, and everyone will face in the
same direction i.e. either inside or outside.

Example:

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question that follows:

There are eight people, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, sitting in a circular manner not necessarily in the same order
and all are facing away from the center. F is sitting to the immediate left of C and exactly opposite to the one
sitting second to the right of A. D is sitting exactly opposite to G and third to the left of A. H is sitting second to
the left of D and to the immediate right of B.

Question:-

Who are the neighbours of E?

Solution:

Eight people: A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H.

1) F is sitting to the immediate left of C and exactly opposite to the one sitting second to the right of A

2) D is sitting exactly opposite to G and third to the left of A

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3) H is sitting second to the left of D and to the immediate right of B.

Now only one person is left, i.e. E, so E will occupy the remaining seat.

Thus, the final arrangement is:

Answer:

Hence, H and D are the immediate neighbours of E

Circular arrangement Unidirectional + 1 Variable

In this People seated in circular arrangement facing in one direction and one variable is also given along
with that (Fruit/City/Color etc).

Example:

Directions: Read the instructions carefully and answer the question below.

Eight captains, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, and S of eight different IPL teams were made to sit around a circular table
facing the centre to discuss the spirit of the game for the upcoming season of IPL. The eight teams are MI,
DC, KXIP, RR, CSK, RCB, KKR, and SRH.
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N is sitting third to the right of the captain of KXIP. The captain of KKR is sitting next to the captain of KXIP.
Either P or L is sitting opposite the captain of KKR. Q is sitting second to the left of P who is not an immedi-
ate neighbour of the captain of KKR. Two captains are sitting between L and Q. M is sitting opposite the
captain of RCB. The captain of RCB is an immediate neighbour of Q. O is sitting third to the right of the cap-
tain of MI. L is either the captain of RR or DC. The captain of DC is sitting to the immediate right of R. The
captain of SRH is sitting second to the right of S.

Question:

Who is sitting third to the right of the captain of RCB?

Solution:

1) N is sitting third to the right of the captain of KXIP.

(As it is a circular arrangement, we can randomly pick a seat for the captain of KXIP and then place N ac-
cordingly.)

2) The captain of KKR is sitting next to the captain of KXIP.

3) Either P or L is sitting opposite the captain of KKR.

(If we place the captain of KKR to the immediate left of the captain of KXIP then N would be sitting oppo-
site him which is not possible. Thus, the captain of KKR is sitting to the immediate right of the captain of
KXIP.)

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4) Q is sitting second to the left of P who is not an immediate neighbour of the captain of KKR.

5) Two captains are sitting between L and Q.

(N is sitting immediate left of the person who is sitting opposite the captain of KXIP. Implies, P is not sitting
opposite the captain of KKR. Also, it is only possible to place two captains between L and Q without violating
the condition of statement 4 is if we place P between L and N and then place Q to the immediate left of N.)

6) M is sitting opposite the captain of RCB.

7) The captain of RCB is an immediate neighbour of Q.

(Clearly, N has to be the captain of RCB because the captain of KKR is sitting to the immediate left of Q. It
further implies that M is sitting opposite N.)

8) O is sitting third to the right of the captain of MI.

(It is only possible if O is the captain of KKR and the person sitting to the immediate left f M is the captain of
MI.)

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9) L is either the captain of RR or DC.

10) The captain of DC is sitting to the immediate right of R.

(L is sitting to the immediate right of P, thus, L cannot be the captain of DC. Implies, L is the captain of RR. Al-
so, there is only one possible way to place the captain of DC now i.e. if M is the captain of DC and R is the
captain of MI.)

11) The captain of SRH is sitting second to the right of S.

(It is only possible if S is the captain of KXIP and Q is the captain of SRH. Also, now that only the captain of
CSK is left to be mapped, we can safely say that P is the captain of CSK.)

Answer:

Clearly, R is sitting third to the right of the captain of RCB.

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Circular arrangement Bidirectional: (In this people will face in two

directions):

In this section, a student is required to arrange people around a circular table, and some of them will face
inside and some of them will face outside.

Example:

Direction: Study the information carefully and answer the given questions.

Eight people – S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z- are sitting around a circular table with equal distance between them.
Some of them are facing the centre while others are facing outside (i.e. opposite to the centre).

Z is sitting third to the left of Y. Both Y and Z are facing outside. V is not an immediate neighbour of Y and Z. X
faces the just opposite direction of V (V is facing towards the centre, X would face outside the centre or vice
versa). X is sitting second to the left of V. Both the immediate neighbours of U face just opposite direction of
U. S is an immediate neighbour of Y. Both the immediate neighbour of V face just opposite direction of V. S
faces towards the centre and she is an immediate neighbour of both Y and W. W faces towards the centre.

Question:-

Who is sitting opposite to Y?

Answer:

Eight People: S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z.

1) Z is sitting 3rd to the left of Y.

2) Both Y and Z are facing towards the outside.

3) S is an immediate neighbour of Y.

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4) S faces towards the centre and he is an immediate neighbour of both Y and W.

5) W faces towards the centre.

6) V is not an immediate neighbour of Y and Z.

7) X is sitting second to the left of V.

8) X faces the just opposite direction of V.

Here case 1 fails as it doesn’t satisfies condition 7.

9) Both the immediate neighbours of U face just opposite direction of U.

10) Both the immediate neighbour of V face just opposite direction of V.

Here condition 2b fails as it doesn’t satisfies condition 9.

By elimination, we get

Answer:

Hence, U is sitting opposite to Y.

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Square/Rectangle Arrangement

In this section, a student is required to arrange people around a square or rectangle table.

Example:

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below.

Eight persons A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a rectangular (not a square) table such that four
persons are sitting at the corners of the table while others are sitting in the middle of each of the four sides
of the table but not necessarily in the same order. All are facing outside the table but none of the persons is
sitting according to their names in English alphabetical order i.e. A can’t sit adjacent to B, B can’t sit adjacent
to C and so on.

A sits second to the left of F. Neither C nor B is an immediate neighbour of F. Only one person sits between G
and B but G is not an immediate neighbour of A. C sits at the immediate right of G. D sits on the longer side
of the table. Question:-

Question:

Who sits opposite to G?

Solution:

Person: A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H

1. A sits second to the left of F.

2. Neither C nor B is an immediate neighbour of F.

3. Only one person sits between G and B

4. C sits at the immediate right of G.

Case I: When F sits at the corner of the table.

Case II: When F sits on the middle of the table.

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5. D sits on the longer side of the table.

Hence, case II is eliminated, as only corner seats are available for seating of D.

6. E cannot be adjacent to F as arrangement in alphabetical order is not allowed.

Thus, the final arrangement is as follows:

Answer:

Hence, F sits opposite to G.

Linear Arrangement:
Q) Four brothers Aman, Gaurav, Aakash and Lokesh are at their family function sitting across a circular table.
Their occupations are Lawyer, Doctor, Professor and Engineer. Lokesh who is not the Professor, starts a con-
versation about the on-going IPL and after him the Engineer gives a long discourse about the teams that
should reach the play-offs. Aman who is sitting across the Engineer and next to the Professor responds to the
Engineer's predictions. Akash speaks only at the end. Who is the Professor?

1. Cannot be determined

2. Gaurav

3. Akash

4. Lokesh

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Answer: 3

Solution:

Four brothers: Aman, Gaurav, Aakash and Lokesh.

Occupations: Lawyer, Doctor, Professor and Engineer.
(1) Lokesh who is not the Professor, starts a conversation about the on-going IPL and after him the Engi-
neer gives a long discourse about the teams that should reach the play-offs, implies Lokesh is not the Engi-
neer.
(2) Aman who is sitting across the Engineer and next to the Professor responds to the Engineer's predic-
tions. This gives two possible arrangements, as follows:

(3) Akash speaks only at the end, implies he is not the Engineer. Therefore, the final arrangement is as fol-
lows:

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Now, we can answer that Akash is the professor.

Hence, Akash is the correct answer.

Direction: Study the following information carefully and answer the question given below:
A, M, D, P, R, T, B, and H are sitting around a circle facing at the centre not necessarily in this same order. M is
third to the left of A who is second to the left to T. D is second to the right of H who is second to the right of T. R
is second to the right of B who is not an immediate neighbour of T.

Who is third to the right of T?

1. D

2. B

3. H

4. M

Answer: 4

Solution:

A, M, D, P, R, T, B, and H are sitting around a circle facing at the centre not necessarily in this same order.

i) M is third to the left of A who is second to the left to T.

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Mistake Points
Who is used for the second person in a connecting statement.
For example:
M is third to the left of A who is second to the left to T.
Here, who is used for A and not for M.
ii) D is second to the right of H who is second to the right of T.

Mistake Points
Who is used for the second person in a connecting statement.
For example:
D is second to the right of H who is second to the right of T.
Here, who is used for H and not for D.
iii) B who is not an immediate neighbour of T. (This means B cannot sit immediate left or right of T).

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iv) R is second to the right of B.

Thus we can see M is third to the right of T.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Q) Direction: Read the information given below and then answer the questions that follow:
Eight friends P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are sitting in a circle facing the center. Q is sitting between V and S.
W is third to the left of Q and second to the right of P. R is sitting between P and V. Q and T are not sitting
opposite to each other.
Who is third to the left of S?
1. U
2. T
3. P
4. None of these
Answer: 1
Solution:

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In the given question,

Going step by step,
Q is sitting between V and S -

W is third to the left of Q and second to the right of P

R is sitting between P and V

Q and T are not sitting opposite each other

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Only position left for U is

Therefore, Option 1 is the correct answer.

Q) During a meeting, seven managers of a company are seated around a circular table. It is known that: T is
not the finance manager and is seated to the left of S, a production manager. R is seated between Q and S
and he is a quality control manager. The finance manager is seated to the right of Q. V is seated to the right
of the finance manager. U an operations manager is seated between V and T. The managers are identified as
P, Q, R, S, T, U and V.

The finance manager is seated how far from the operations manager?

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

Answer: 2

Solution:
LOGICAL REASONING | Seating Arrangement PAGE 31
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Seven managers - P, Q, R, S, T, U and V.

1. T is not the finance manager and is seated to the left of S, a production manager.
2. R is seated between Q and S and he is a quality control manager.
3. The finance manager is seated to the right of Q.
4. V is seated to the right of the finance manager.
5. U an operations manager is seated between V and T.

Person Profession

R Quality Control Manager

S Production Manager

T Finance Manager

U Operations Manager

All persons except 'P' is left and only one position, i.e., the position of Finance Manager is vacant, which will
be occupied by P.
So, the final arrangement will be as shown below:

LOGICAL REASONING | Seating Arrangement PAGE 32

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Clearly, the finance manager is seated 2nd to the left of the operations manager.
Hence, ‘2’ is the correct answer.

LOGICAL REASONING | Seating Arrangement PAGE 33