Welcome to Week 1

TCS 321
Wireless systems and cellular
mobile communication II

Dr. Nasir Faruk

Department of Telecommunication Science
University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Course title and DURATION

 Wireless Systems and Cellular Mobile Communications II

 COURSE CODE: TCS 321 (3 Units) Compulsory course
 PREREQUISITES:
 TCS 301/208
 Theory and practical classes.
 The theory will be taught for 45 hours
 30 hours lecture of 2 hours in a week for 15 lectures
 15 hours tutorial of 1 hours in a week for 15 tutorials
 Practical session will be for 45 hours (3x 15) for 15 meetings.
 Real time and simulation experiment study.
 Practical classes in TCS Lab
 Groups scheduled in slide
 Group members to be listed later....

2 Sunday, November 26, 2017

 Lecture/tutorials schedule
All communication on this course will be via TCS 321 forum
Lecture days Mondays Except for any necessity

10:00 – 10:50 Tutorial + Lecture

10:50 – 11:00 Short Break

11:00 – 12:00 Lecture

Tutorials : Wednesdays 11-12

Mr. A.Q Ramon will be taking tutorials
 Course content/Lecture Schedule
Lect. No. Date Topic
1 Week 1 General Introduction, 2G-3G evolution, WCDMA and HSPDA technologies
2 Week 2 UMTS network architecture and Deployment Options
3 Week 3 Principles and operation of CDMA
4 Week 4 Orthogonality , OVSF codes and Spreading
5 Week 5 Scrambling Codes Generation, M-Sequence
6 Week 6 Scrambling codes Planning and Frame Structure
7 Week 7 UMTS Link budgets
8 Week 8 Test 1 (Capacity Planning in WCDMA Networks)
9 Week 9 UE State, Logical Channels used in UMTS
10 Week 10 Transport channels, channel coding, multiplexing and interleaing
11 Week 11 Physical channels, frame structure and scrambling
12 Week 12 UMTS handover
13 Week 13 Backhauling systems, Transmission and Network Planning
14 Week 14 Test 2 and Drive Test Laboratory Defense
15 Week 15 General Course Revision

P.S Topic Date Duration

No. Assigned
1 Orthogonality , OVSF codes and Spreading Week 4 1 week
2 Scrambling Codes Generation, M-Sequence Week 5 1 Week
3 UMTS Link budgets Week 9 1 week
44 Capacity Planning in WCDMA Networks Week Sunday,
7 November
1 week 26, 2017
COURSE DISCRIPTION:

 This course (TSC 321) consists of two main aspects of

communication systems i.e. the high speed wireless systems and
the cellular networks.
 The course is aim to provide the principle and techniques of
digital communication with particular emphasis on its applications
in WCDMA networks.
 Concepts of multiple access systems would be introduce to
facilitates student’s to understand the fundamentals.
 It would also involve real time practical and simulation to study
the performance of a particular network designed for WCDMA
networks.
 Real time practical and simulation to study the performance of a
WCDMA network designed (Drive Test Data Analysis)
 Mini project work
 TEACHING, LEARNING AND
ASSESSMENT

S/N Description Score

(%)
1 Test (2) 10
2 Problem sets 5
2 Mini project (Practical and seminars) 25
3 Examination 60
TOTAL 100
COURSE OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS:
 Minimum of 75% attendance of the classes before for semester examination.
 Submit your assignments and mini projects in word processed format
electronically and printed and spiral or combo binding respectively.
 Drive Test data analysis using Genex Probe and share model.
 Group Project Schedule
Group Cluster file
1 Kano Drive Test Logfile : Cluster 1new_1.gen
2 Kano Drive Test Logfile: Cluster 1new.gen
3 Kano Drive Test Logfile: closter 1newneworiginal.gen
4 Kano Drive Test Logfile: Cluster 2_1.gen
5 Kano Drive Test Logfile: Cluster 2_2.gen
6 Kano Drive Test Logfile: Cluster 2_3.gen
7 Kano Drive Test Logfile: Cluster 2_4.gen
8 Kano Drive Test Logfile: Cluster 2_5.gen
9 Kano Drive Test Logfile: Cluster 3_1.gen
10 Kano Drive Test Logfile: Cluster 3_2.gen
11 Abuja Drive Test Log file: Gwarumpa.gen
12 Abuja Drive Test Logfile : Airport.gen
13 Abuja Drive Test Logfile: Airport2.gen
14 Abuja Drive Test Logfile : Probe_20110628150841.gen
Today’s lecture
 Multiple access schemes
TDMA, FDMA, SDMA, CDMA, OFDMA etc
 2G Limitations
 3G Aims
 Beyond 3G
 3G System provision and Migration path
 UMTS:
 Problems and issues
 Releases

 Basic properties of 2G and 3G systems

 GSMVs WCDMA
 Properties of WCDMA
 Int Freq Allocation
 NCC 3G allocations

 Tutorial and Reading List

Multiple access techniques
The FDMA/TDMA Scheme
 2G Limitations
 Voice oriented
 Limited data capabilities
 No world-wide roaming
 Incompatible systems in different countries
 IMT-2000

 ITU developed IMT-2000 Spec {families for 3G}

 Joint project standardisation bodies from Europe, USA,
Japan, China and Korea is called 3rd Generation partnership
Project (3GPP)
 Within 3GPP WCDMA is adopted air interface also called
UTRA
 3G Aims

 More advances services e.g Internet and VoIP

 Improved spectrum efficiency
 WW roaming
 Small Terminals
 High quality communication
 Flexibility for evolution to next generation
 Global standard
3G system provision
 Bit rates up to 2 Mbps
 Variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand
 Multiplexing of services with different Qos requirements on a single
connection
 Co-existence with different systems and inter-system handovers for coverage
enhancements and loading balancing.
 Uplink and downlink asymmetry e.g. web browsing causes more loading to
downlink than to uplink.
 High spectrum efficiency
 Co-existence of FDD (Frequency division duplex) and TDD (time division
duplex) modes.

The deployment of 3G networks in Nigeria has reached an advanced stage as

majority of the states has 3G networks, yet there are still some areas (mostly
the rural communities) without 3G services
UMTS bearer service types
USER
OPERATING BIT EQUIPMENT
ENVIRONMENT RATE
SPEED

Rural 144 kbit/s 500 km/h

Outdoor

Urban/ 120 km/h

Suburban 384 kbit/s
Outdoor

Indoor/
Low Range 2,084 kbit/s 10 km/h
Outdoor
Migration paths from 1G to 3G
 Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS)
 UMTS is a 3G mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard.
 Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)
 UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunications Union IMT-
2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the
competing cdmaOne technology.
 UMTS uses wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access
technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth to mobile network operators.
 UMTS specifies a complete network system, which includes
 the radio access network (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, or UTRAN),
 the core network (Mobile Application Part, or MAP) and
 the authentication of users via SIM (subscriber identity module) cards.
 The technology described in UMTS is sometimes also referred to as Freedom of Mobile
Multimedia Access (FOMA) or 3GSM.
 Unlike EDGE (IMT Single-Carrier, based on GSM) and CDMA2000 (IMT Multi-Carrier),
UMTS requires new base stations and new frequency allocations.
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
 Problems and Issues (I)
 Some countries, including the US, have allocated spectrum differently from
the ITU recommendations, so that the standard bands most commonly used
for UMTS (UMTS-2100) have not been available.
 In those countries, alternative bands are used, preventing the interoperability
of existing UMTS-2100 equipment, and requiring the design and
manufacture of different equipment for the use in these markets.
 UMTS is not suffering as much from handset band compatibility issues as
GSM did, as many UMTS handsets are multi-bands.
o Tri-band UMTS (850, 1900, and 2100 MHz bands) ,commonplace!
o Quad-band GSM (850, 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz bands)
o Penta-band (850, 900, 1700 / 2100, and 1900 MHz bands)
 In its early days, UMTS had problems in many countries:
o Overweight handsets with poor battery life were first to arrive on a market
 Problems and Issues (II)
 Another significant issue involved call reliability, related to problems with
handover from UMTS to GSM. Customers found their connections being
dropped as handovers were possible only in one direction (UMTS →
GSM), with the handset only changing back to UMTS after hanging up.
 Compared to GSM, UMTS networks initially required a higher base
station density. For fully-fledged UMTS incorporating video on
demand features, one base station needed to be set up every 1–1.5 km
(0.62–0.93 mi). This was the case when only the 2100 MHz band was
being used, however with the growing use of lower-frequency bands (such
as 850 and 900 MHz) this is no longer so. This has led to increasing rollout
of the lower-band networks by operators since 2006.
 Even with current technologies and low-band UMTS, telephony and data
over UMTS requires more power than on comparable GSM networks.
 3GPP Releases (R99-R6)
Release 4
Release '99 Introduces all IP in the core and allowing
Same Implementation as GSM Phase 2 separation of call control and signal from
(GPRS/EDGE) actual connection.
Bearer services, Teleservice Edge radio [Media Gateways
Video Call (MGW)]
Location services Soft switching: Performed switching
Call service: compatible function when required. Release 5
with GSM, based on Universal Scalable: One MSC server handles Introduces new element called IP
Subscriber Identity numerous MGWs, Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for
Module (USIM) Multimedia messaging unifying the method to perform IP based
Frozen in December 1999 Improved location services multimedia service.
Frozen March 2001 Multiservice Support
IPv6, IP transport in UTRAN
Release 6 Improvements in GERAN (GSM
•WLAN/UMTS EDGE)
internetworking High Speed Downlink Packet
•Improvements in IMS Access (HSDPA)
•High Speed Uplink Packet Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband
(AMR)
Access (HSUPA)
Frozen June 2002
•Multimedia broadcast and
multicast Service (MBMS)
 What has Changed?
 Users terminal point of view:
 the network is basically the same in the releases
 will require new capabilities in the terminal to access HSPA
 Network Perspectives:
 Major changes introduced are in the network core (transport
technologies and flexibilities and efficiencies)
 E.g. R99 uses ATM as the transport technology where as, R4
and R5 uses IP
Basic properties of 2G and 3G
systems
GSM VS WCDMA
INTERNATIONAL FREQ ALLOCATION
NCC 1900MHz-3G BAND ALLOCATION

Operator MTN Glo 9Mobile Airtel

Block BLOCK A BLOCK B BLOCK C BLOCK D
Rx 1920-1930 1930-1940 1940-1950 1950-1960
Frequency
Tx 2110-2120 2120-2130 2130-2140 2140-2150
Frequency

This license covers the 36 states of the

federation including FCT
 STUDY QUESTIONS EXAM 2011/2012
2016/2017
 The 2G mobile communication networks provide a very efficient
service, state FIVE reasons why many companies see the need to
provide a new 3G network 5 marks
 Discuss THREE system requirements needed to satisfy the aims of
3G networks. 6marks
 Capacity in 3G CDMA based system is interference limited,
whereas, this is not the case in GSM systems. Discuss. 4 marks
 The evolution of UMTS progresses according to planned
releases. Each release is designed to introduce new features and
improve upon existing ones. Discuss two each of the features
introduced in 3GPP R99, R4, R5, R6 and R7
 Briefly, discuss the major changes from the mobile terminal
and network perspectives
 REFERENCES
1. T.S. Rappaport ,”Wireless communications principle and practice” 2nd edition, Prentice Hall pp 1-23, 2003
2. J. Schiller (2003) Mobile Communications, Pearson Education 2nd edition, ISBN 0321123816 pp 3-15
3. A. J. Mishra (2007), Advanced Cellular Networks Planning and Optimization 2G/2.5G/3G …Evolution to 4G, John Wiley and
Sons Ltd ISBN 13 978-0-470-01471-4 , pp 1-12
4. W.C. Lee (2006),Wireless and Cellular Telecommunications, McGRAW-HILL, ISBN 0-07-150141-X, pp 1-4, 15-20
5. K.V Prasad (2003) “Principle of digital communication systems and computer Networks”, Charles River Media, ISBN: 1584503297 pp
37-38
6. G. Childs (2009) Digital Mobile Communication, Lecture Note, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
7. Andrew Knight (2000) Basic of MATLAB and beyond, Chapman & Hall, ISBN 849320299, pp 13-80
8. Brain D. and D.T. Valentine (2007) Essential MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists, 3 rd Edition, Elsevier pp 24-100
9. W.C. Lee (2006),Wireless and Cellular Telecommunications, McGRAW-HILL, ISBN 0-07-150141-X, pp 111
10. B Pall (2009), Digital Mobile Communication, GSM layer 3 protocols and function, Lecture Note, Oxford Brookes University,
Oxford, UK
11. G. Childs (2010), “High speed mobile communication” Lecture Note, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
12. B Pall (2010), “High speed mobile communication” Lecture Note, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
13. Christpie C, et al (2006)”,WCDMA (UMTS) Deployment Handbook, Planning and Optimization aspect”, John Wiley and
Sons, Ltd.
14. Moe Rahnema ( 2008) UMTS Network Planning and Inter-opertation with GSM, John Wiley & Sons (Asia), Pte, LtD

Strongly recommended lists on RED