REVIEWER FOR HUM 001  LITERARY ELEMENTS - are aspects or

(1ST ACHIEVEMENT TEST) characteristics of a literary form. They are not

“used,” per se, by authors; we derive what they
MODULE 1 are from reading the text. A set of literary
TECHNICAL WRITING elements make up a literary form; for example,
a writing discipline that focuses on clearly explaining every story has a theme, every story has a
complex concepts, processes, or procedures precisely setting, every story has a conflict, every story is
and accurately. This type of writing often involves written from a particular point-of-view, etc
breaking down technical jargon into simpler terms to  LITERARY TECHNIQUES - are specific, deliberate
make the information accessible to a broader audience. constructions of language which an author uses
EXAMPLES: textbooks, research papers, reports, to enhance the overall quality of a text. An
proposals, user manuals, legal documents. author’s use of a literary technique usually
occurs with a single word or phrase, or a
CREATIVE WRITING particular group of words or phrases, at one
a writing discipline that goes beyond the bounds of single point in a text. Unlike literary elements,
professional, academic, or technical forms of literature. literary techniques are not necessarily present
It involves the expression of thoughts, ideas, and in a literary form.
emotions in an imaginative and artistic way. Its primary
aim is audience engagement through storytelling, which MODULE 3
allows readers to lose themselves in the world of your FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE - Figurative language in
creation. creative writing involves the use of words and
EXAMPLES: poems, short stories, novels, plays expressions that deviate from their literal meaning to
create a more vivid, imaginative, or nuanced effect.
MODULE 2 There are two types of figurative language: Figures of
LITERARY FORMS - Literary forms refer to the different Speech and Figures of Sound.
structures and styles that writers use to express their
ideas, convey stories, and communicate their artistic Figures of Speech
vision. In creative writing, various literary forms provide Simile: A stated comparison (usually formed with "like"
frameworks for expressing thoughts, emotions, and or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar things
narratives. The major literary forms in creative writing that have certain qualities in common.
are poetry, prose, & play (drama) Example: Roberto was white as a sheet after he walked
 POETRY - Characterized by structured use of out of the horror movie.
language, line breaks, and stanzas, with a focus
on heightened expression, imagery, and Metaphor: An implied comparison between two
rhythmic patterns. dissimilar things that have something in common.
 PROSE - Written in paragraphs, without line Example: "All the world's a stage."
breaks, and follows a natural flow of language,
often used for storytelling and communication Hyperbole: An extravagant statement; the use of
of information. exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or
 PLAY - Structured into acts and scenes, primarily heightened effect.
driven by dialogue, and intended for Example: I have a ton of things to do when I get home.
performance on a stage.
Personification: Personification gives human qualities to
LITERARY DEVICES - A literary device is any specific something that is not human.
aspect of literature, or a particular work, which we can Example: That kitchen knife will take a bite out of your
recognize, identify, interpret and/or analyze. Both hand if you don't handle it safely.
literary elements and literary techniques can rightly be
called literary devices. Apostrophe: A form of personification in which
someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is
directly spoken to as if they are alive, present, and can Example: She sells seashells by the seashore.
answer back
Example: "Oh, you stupid car, you never work when I
need you to," Bert sighed. Assonance: Identity or similarity in sound between
internal vowels in neighboring words.
Allusion: a reference to someone or something that is Example: How now, brown cow?
known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports,
science, or some other branch of culture. Consonance: the repetition of consonant sounds,
Example: The rise in poverty was like a modern-day specifically in the middle or end of words, within close
Lazarus emerging from the depths of economic despair. proximity in a phrase or sentence.
Example: "Pitter-patter" (repetition of the "t" sound) or
Oxymoron: A figure of speech in which incongruous or "bitter butter" (repetition of the "t" and "r" sounds).
contradictory terms appear side by side.
Example: "He popped the jumbo shrimp in his mouth." Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate the
sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer
Metonymy: A figure of speech in which a word or to.
phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely Example: The clap of thunder went bang and scared my
associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing poor dog.
something indirectly by referring to things around it.
Example: "That stuffed suit with the briefcase is a poor Refrain: A refrain is the repetition of a word, line, or
excuse for a salesman," the manager said angrily. phrase for effect
Example:
Synecdoche: A figure of speech in which a part is used The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,
to represent the whole. But I have promises to keep,
Example: Tina is learning her ABC's in preschool. And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
Hyperbole: An extravagant statement; the use of from “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by
exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or Robert Frost
heightened effect.
Example: I have a ton of things to do when I get home. Anaphora—the repetition of the same word or group of
words at the beginning of a
Irony: The use of words to convey the opposite of their series of clauses
literal meaning. Also, a statement or situation where the Example:
meaning is contradicted by the appearance or Five years have passed;
presentation of the idea. Five summers, with the length of
Example: "Oh, I love spending big bucks," said my dad, a Five long winters! and again I hear these waters
notorious penny pincher. from “Tintern Abbey” by William Wordsworth

Litotes: A figure of speech which involves expressing an Rhyme: refers to the repetition of similar or identical
affirmative idea by negating its opposite. sounds, usually at the end of words/lines (end rhyme) or
Example: A million dollars is no small chunk of change. within lines of verse (internal rhyme).
Examples:
Paradox: A statement that appears to contradict itself. (Internal Rhyme)
Example: "This is the beginning of the end," said Eeyore, Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December.
always the pessimist. from “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe

Figures of Sounds (Sound Devices) (End Rhyme)

Alliteration: The repetition of an initial consonant Twinkle twinkle little star
sound. How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high
Like a diamond in the sky.

MODULE 4
Diction – the careful choice and arrangement of words,
is the architect of tone, mood, and meaning in your
writing. It's the subtle art of selecting words that
resonate, crafting a symphony of sounds and meanings
that captivate your readers.
Imagery – on the other hand, transforms the written
word into a sensory experience. It's the magic wand that
conjures vibrant mental pictures, allowing readers to
taste, smell, hear, and feel the world you create.
Through vivid descriptions, your narrative transcends
the page and unfolds in the reader's mind.

Types of Diction
Formal diction the use of sophisticated language,
without slang or colloquialisms. Formal diction sticks to
grammatical rules and uses complicated syntax—the
structure of sentences. At sunrise, the sun ascended
from the eastern horizon, casting a bright glow on the
calm sea.