1.
TRANSLATION
A. Finding Images Under Translation By Counting On Graph
𝑝
Translation with vector !𝑞 $
B. Finding Images Under Translation By Calculation
𝑥 𝑝
Translation Image Pt = Object Pt !𝑦$ + Translation vector !𝑞$
C. Identification and Description Of Translation
How to identify : Image has same shape, size and direction as object
𝑝
How to describe : Translation with vector !𝑞$ [vector obtained by counting on graph]
D. Area Under Translation
Area of image = Area of object
2. REFLECTION
A. Finding Images Under Reflection By Counting On Graph
Ruler is used to count squares
when mirror line is inclined.
Ruler has to be placed on mirror
line such that it makes 90o with
mirror line.
B. Identification and Description Of Reflection
How to identify : Image has same shape and size and but image is « face à face » with object
How to describe : Reflection with mirror line equation
To construct mirror line
- The mirror line is found in the middle of the space between the object and the image.
- The mirror line is the perpendicular bisector between the object and image
C. Area Under Reflection
Area of image = Area of object
D. Matrix For Reflection
1 0 0 −1
Reflection in the x-axis ! $ Reflection in the line y = - x ! $
0 −1 −1 0
−1 0 0 1
Reflection in the y-axis ! $ Reflection in the line y = x ! $
0 1 1 0
3. ROTATION
A. Finding Image Under Finding Image Under Rotation By Calculation with any centre
Note: (i) (x,y) to (-y, x) for 90o anticlockwise rotation , Centre origin
(ii) (x, y) to (y, -x) for 90o clockwise rotation , Centre origin
(iii) (x, y) to (-x, -y) for 180o rotation , Centre origin
Rotation Image Pt = (Object Pt – centre Pt) Then Change to (-y,x) or (y,-x) or (-y,-x) as per angle of rotation + Centre Pt
B. Identification and Description Of Rotation
How to identify : Image has same shape, and size as object, but direction is rotated
How to describe :Rotation with centre(x,y) , angle , clockwise/anticlockwise
To locate centre of rotation and angle:
(ii) EITHER Angle = 180o, and Centre of rotation = Intersection point of all lines If all lines joining object
to image meet
(iii) OR Angle= 90o If all the dotted lines do not meet
To find centre in 90 o rotation, Choose any 2 dotted lines labeled as L1 and L2.
Draw the perpendicular bisector of L1and L2.
Centre = Point where the 2 bisectors meet
Clockwise/Anticlockwise in 90 o rotation is found after getting centre and angle.
C. Area Under Rotation
Area of image = Area of object
D. Matrix For Rotation
0 1
90o Clockwise Rotation about the centre (0, 0) ! $
−1 0
0 −1
90o Anti- clockwise Rotation about the centre (0, 0) ! $
1 0
−1 0
180o Rotation about the centre (0, 0) ! $
0 −1
4. ENLARGEMENT
A. Finding Images Under Enlargement By Calculation
Enlargement Image Pt = (object Pt – centre Pt) X S.F + Centre Pt
B. Identification and Description Of Enlargement
How to identify : Image has same shape as object, but size is different
How to describe :Enlargement with centre(x,y) and S.F= ….
Centre:
Join all points from object to image and the centre is the intersection of all dotted lines
Scale factor
= Length of line on Image
Length of corresponding line on Object
Or
= Distance of Centre to Image
Distance of Centre to Object
C. Area Under Enlargement
Area of image = k² × area of object
D. Matrix For Enlargement
𝑘 0
Enlargement about the centre (0, 0) and scale factor k ! $
0 𝑘
