GPSA 2021 : Question Bank + MCQs

MODULE -1
1. Explain the need of GPS / Analyze why GPS is needed.
2. Write short notes on GPS Program History / How did the GPS Program start and
develop? / How did the GPS program evolve ?
3. Explain GPS System Segments / GPS Architecture
4. Classify and explain the 2 major types of GPS receivers.
5. Illustrate the concept of TOA with a neat diagram and example in 2D.
6. Write short notes on:
a. GPS Constellation
b. Space segment ( GPS satellite orbits – GPS satellites )
c. GPS satellite generations
d. Control Segment ( MCS, MS, GA)
7. Explain the 2 types of GPS services / Compare the 2 types of GPS services (SPS v/s
PPS )
8. Explain the following terms: (1M -2M / MCQs)
a. Orbit
b. Satellite
c. Angle of inclination
d. Angle of elevation
e. Frequency
f. Types of satellites
g. Radio wave propagation
h. Carrier frequency
i. Modulation
j. Receiver
k. Transmitter
l. Antenna
m. Latitude
n. Longitude
o. Altitude
p. Atomic clock

MODULE-2
1. Explain the principle of position determination via satellite-generated ranging signals
with a neat diagram.
2. Analyze how Position can be Determined using PRN Codes and Carrier phase /
Explain GPS observables.
3. Derive the expression for determining Satellite-to-User Range
 4. Explain the concept of determining Satellite-to-User Range with necessary
mathematical equations and diagrams.
5. Illustrate the range measurement timing relationships with necessary equations.
6. Derive the expression for calculation of User Position.
7. Explain how GPS calculates User Velocity.
8. Explain GPS signal structure/ GPS data format
9. Write short notes on :
a. C/A Code
b. P code
c. L1 and L2 carrier frequency
d. NAV (Navigation) data
10. Explain the operation of a GPS receiver with the help of a block diagram.
11. Analyse why there are errors in GPS/ Classify the GPS errors.
12. Compare C/A code and P-code.

MODULE-3
1. Write short notes on Conventional terrestrial reference coordinate system.
2. Explain WGS84 coordinate system / Explain the official reference coordinate system
used in GPS.
3. Explain the time systems in GPS / Write short notes on
a. UTC (TAI + UT1)
b. GPS time/ GPS system time/ System time.
4. Illustrate why Differential GPS (DGPS) is more accurate when compared to GPS.
5. Classify the DGPS techniques.
6. Explain (technical details) of other GNSS systems (10M)
7. Write short notes on technical details of : (5M each)
a. GLONASS
b. GALILEO
c. QZSS
d. BEIDOU
e. IRNSS / NavIC

MODULE-4 (Each 10M)

1. Describe how GPS can be used in the utilities industry.
2. Describe how GPS can be used for Forestry and natural resources.
3. Describe how GPS can be used for Precision farming.
4. Describe how GPS can be used for Civil engineering applications.
5. Describe how GPS can be used for Monitoring structural deformations.
6. Describe how GPS can be used in Open-pit mining.
7. Describe how GPS can be used for Land seismic surveying.
8. Describe how GPS can be used for Marine seismic surveying.
9. Describe how GPS can be used for Airborne mapping.
10. Describe how GPS can be used for Seafloor mapping.
11. Describe how GPS can be used for Vehicle navigation.
12. Describe how GPS can be used for Transit systems.
13. Describe how GPS can be used in the Retail industry.
14. Describe how GPS can be used for Cadastral surveying.
15. Describe how GPS can be used for Stakeout (waypoint navigation).
16. Analyze the disadvantages of single-beam echo sounder in seafloor mapping (5M)

MODULE-5
1. Elaborate on Civil Navigation use of GPS: /Describe how GPS can be used for Marine
Navigation ,Air Navigation and Land Navigation
2. Elaborate on use of GPS in:

i. Surveying

ii. Mapping

iii. Geographical Information Systems

3. Describe how .GPS can be used for precise aircraft landing systems
4. Explain how GPS can be used in attitude determination.
5. Analyze how GPS can be used in Telematics and LBS
6. Elaborate on Military GPS User Equipment
7. Explain Autonomous GPS Receivers
 MCQ type Questions
1. The 0 degree line of latitude is ______
i) Equator ii) Prime Meridian iii) Greenwich Meridian iv) Tropic of Cancer
2. The 0 degree line of longitude is _______
i) Prime Meridian ii) Equator IIi) Greenwich Meridian iv) Both I) and iii)
3. China: BeiDou :: India: _____
i) GALILEO ii) NavIC iii) IRNSS iv) Both ii) and iii)
4. NAVSTAR GPS:USA:: _______ : Japan
i) GALILEO iii) GLONASS iii) Aibo iv) QZSS
5. To find range, Laser Range Finder (LRF) : Time of Flight : GPS :: _______
i) Time of Return ii) Time of Arrival iii) Time difference of arrival iv) Both ii) and III)
6. _________ is the measurement of distance North or South of the Equator.
i) Longitude ii)Latitude iii) Both i) and ii) iv) None of the above
7. _________ is the measurement of distance East or West of the Prime Meridian.
i) Longitude ii)Latitude iii) Both i) and ii) iv) None of the above
8. CTRF is also known as ECEF because ____________
i) Origin is centre of mass of Earth and CTRF is rigidly tight to Earth’s surface
ii) Origin is centre of mass of Earth and CTRF rotates with Earth
iii) Origin is centre of mass of Earth and CTRF does not rotate with Earth
iv) Both i) and ii)
9. The average location of the pole during 1900 -1905 is called _________
i) CTP ii) CPT iii) PTC iv) TPC
10. WGS84 is a _______- handed coordinate system.
i) Left ii) Right iii)North iv) East
11. Ram searches (Φ, λ) = (88.17o , 180.56o ) on Maps. The search result is _______
i) Some place towards the North pole of the Earth
ii) Some place towards East
iii) Both i) and ii)
iv) No search results / Error / Invalid coordinates
12. Ellipse rotated on a 3rd axis gives ________
 a. Volumoid ii) Ellipsoid iii) Cuboid iv) PArabola
13. The Z-axis in WGS84 is _________
i) The axis of rotation of Earth
ii) the line joining the center of mass of the earth and the Conventional Terrestrial
Pole (CTP) and beyond
iii) Is perpendicular to X and Y axes
iv) All the above
14. Φ: ________:: λ : _________ :: h: Geodetic Altitude
i) Geodetic latitude, Geodetic Longitude
ii) Geodetic elevation , Geodetic altitude
iii)Geodetic Longitude , Geodetic LAtitude
iv) None of the above
15. Full form of :
a. NAVSTAR GPS r. NIMA
b. DoD s. PRN
c. CTRF t. WGS84
d. CTP u. GNSS
e. IRM v. GIS
f. ECEF
g. SPS
h. PPS
i. UTC
j. TAI
k. BIPM
l. IERS
m. UT1
n. DGPS
o. AGPS
p. ITRF
q. ITRS
16. Geometric range is also known as _______
i) True range iii) Actual range iii) Both i) and ii) iv) PSeudo range
17. The most important segment to user is _______
i) User segment ii) Receiver segment iii) Space segment iv) Control segment
18. Period of C/A code : 1ms :: P-code: _____
i) 266 days ii) 7 days per segment iii) Both i) and ii) iv) 265 days
19. _______ observable gives more accurate range measurement.
i) Carrier phase ii) Carrier frequency iii) Pseudo range iv) Carrier wavelength
20. User segment is the most important segment from user PoV (point of view) because
_________
21. TAI: ______ :: UT1 : IERS
i) BIPM ii) UTC iii) ISI iv) JPO
22. UTC is ______ time scale comprised of _____ and ______
i) composite , TAI , UT1
ii) complement , TAI , GPS system time
iii) Sum , GPS system time, satellite time
iv) composite , UT2 , GMT
23. UTC - UT1 < ______ seconds
i) 0.8 ii) 0.9 iii) 1.0 iv) 0.7
24. The accuracy of DGPS is ______
i) Submeter to 5m
ii) Meter to 6m
iii) 2m - 6m
iv) None of the above
25. GPS time is referred / steered to ______
i) UT1 ii) UTC iii) satellite time iv) All the above
26. TAI : Uniform scale :: UT1 : ____ :: GPS system time : continuous time scale
i) Discrete time scale
ii) Non continuous time scale
iii) Both i) and ii)
iv) Non-uniform time scale
27. GPS system time is continuous time scale because _______ whereas UT1 is a
non-uniform time scale because ________
28. The below diagram is an illustration of _________ (a) GPS (b) DGPS (c) AGPS (d)
All of the above

29. Integer ambiguity N arises in carrier phase measurement because _______

30. Full cycle and Fractional cycle are measured in carrier phase between ____
consecutive cycles
i) 3 ii) 4 iii) 5 iv) 2
31. Rover receiver : ______ :: Base receiver: Static receiver
i) Remote receiver ii) Stationary receiver iii) Standard receiver iv) None of the above
32. ________ is the angle between IRM and meridian passing through P’ ( P’ is the
equivalent point P on the WGS84 ellipsoidal surface)
i) Geodetic Longitude ii) Geodetic Latitude iii) Geodetic Height iv) Geodetic Altitude
33. The vertical angle between equatorial plane and line normal to the ellipsoidal surface
passing through point P on the Earth’s surface is _______
i) Geodetic Longitude ii) Geodetic Latitude iii) Geodetic Height iv) Geodetic Altitude
34. _______ is the minimum height of point P above ellipsoidal surface.
i) Geodetic Longitude ii) Geodetic Latitude iii) Geodetic Height iv) Geodetic Altitude
35. In CTRF, _____ plane coincides with the equatorial plane.
i) YXZ ii) XY plane iii) XZ plane iv) YZ plane
36. In ECEF, +X axis points in the direction of _____ and +Y axis points in the direction of
______
37. - λ : West longitude :: +λ : ____ longitude
i) East ii) North iii) South iv) North East
38. Φ is positive : Zu > 0 :: Φ is negative : _________
i) Zu > 0 ii) Zu < 0 iii) Zu > 5 iv) Zu > 10
39. Zu > 0 implies GPS user / receiver is in _______ Hemisphere
i) Northern ii) Southern iii) Eastern iv) Western
40. The major axis of the WGS84 reference ellipsoid coincides with the ________
diameter of the Earth. Therefore, the semimajor axis, a, has the same value as the
mean equatorial radius.
The minor axis of the ellipsoidal cross-section corresponds to the _____diameter of
the Earth, and the semi minor axis, b has the same value as the mean polar radius.
41. Value of b is ______ and a is _______
42. What is the phase shift between wave A and wave B (answer inside the figure )
 43. The number of full cycles in the given figure is _______

44. LEO : 500-1500 km :: GEO : ______

i) 3600 km ii) 35000 km iii)3500 km iv) 36000 km

45. Master Station are placed around the world to provide ______
i) Worldwide coverage ii) Nationwise coverage iii) Regional coverage iv) None of the above

46. GPS Almanac : ______ : : Ephemeris : Satellite location

i) Satellite health ii) Satellite power iii) Satellite coordinates iv) All of the above

47. NAV Data: ____ :: Carrier : Sinusoidal :: Codes : Binary

i) Sinusoidal ii) Binary iii) Both i) and ii) iv) None of the above

48. The range determined using PRN codes ( C/A code, P-code etc) is known as
pseudo-range because _______

49. In GPS, each satellite is identified by the Control segment or the receiver using
_________
i) Unique PRN code ii) Unique C/A code iii) Unique P-code iv) All the above

50. Minimum of 4 channels is required in a GPS receiver because _________

51. The GPS receiver is constituted of __ main parts and they are ______ , _____ and
_______ which could be integrated later or enclosed in a single frame.

52. Air drag: Satellite related error :: Multipath : _______ :: Antenna phase center
variation : Receiver related error.
i) Orbital error ii) Signal propagation related error iii) User errors iv) Random error
53. CTRF is a suitable coordinate system for GPS position than ECIC because _______
54. Consider the below graph / figure :

a. The Doppler shift = 0 on the graph is the point at which ______

b. The doppler shift = 0 implies _______ and _______
c. The curve above t -axia indicates ________
d. The curve below t-axis indicates _______

55. An _________ system may supplement the GPS system, in some cases, to monitor
the high-frequency portion of the structure vibration.

i) IMP ii) INS iii) SNI iv) IRS

56. Marine seismic surveying: Hydrophones :: Land seismic surveying : ______

i)) Geophones ii)Hydrophones iii) Semaphonesiv)Seismicphones

 57. _____ beam technology offers complete coverage of the seafloor with high
resolution

i)Uni ii)Multi iii)single iv)None of the above

58. _______ is a system that uses the vehicle’s odometer and a selection from
accelerometers, compasses, and gyros to determine the vehicle’s direction and
traveled distance.

i) Dead speeding ii) Dead Reckoning iii) Both i) and ii) iv) None of the above

59. _______ type of surveys establish property corners, boundaries, and areas of land
parcels.

i) )Cadastral surveying ii)Boundary scan iii) kinematic surveying iv)Seismic surveying

60. W.r.t Bull’s eye type of displaying navigation ,

a. The top point of the bull’s-eye is normally selected to represent the ____ .

b. The user will reach his or her destination point when the moving cursor stays
at the___________ of the _________ circles.

c. The destination point is located at the ______ of the displayed concentric

circles while the user’s location is displayed as a _______

61. Waypoint navigation is also known as ________

i)Stokeout ii)Stakeout iii)Wayout iv)Pointout

62. The collected information from GPS can be used by a _____ to create updated utility
maps. i) GIS ii) SIG iii) Bhuvan iv) All the above

63. The captured images of airborne photogrammetry are related to the geodetic
reference system. This process is known as _____ the images.

i) Geo-referencing ii) Geo-positioning iii) Geodising iv) All the above

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CIE MCQs
64 GPS provides_______

i) PNT ii) 3D location iii) Both i) and ii)

iv) None of the above

[Link] first component in the GPS receiver system is______

i) Antenna ii) Microprocessor iii) Memory iv) Precision Oscillator

66. GPS Constellation currently has ____ working satellites

i) 30 ii) 24 iii) 52 iv) 31

67,Replenishment generation satellites are also known as ____

i) Block -I ii) Block- II iii) Block IIR iv) Block IIR-M

[Link] satellites placed at a height of 500-1500km from Earth are known as _______
satellites

i)Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) ii)Geo-stationary Earth Orbit (GEO)

iii)Low Earth Orbit (LEO) iv)High Earth Orbit (HEO)

69.A Radio wave travelling in space with a frequency of 30Hz has a wavelength of

i) 10000000 m ii)1000 m iii)10000 m iv)100 m

[Link] receiver operates in the _____- band of frequency spectrum

i) C ii) W iii) L iv) X

[Link] of the following is not a GPS error ?

i)Satellite related error ii)Signal propagation related error

iii)Receiver related error iv)None of the above

72._________ is the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator.

i) Longitude ii) Latitude iii) Elevation iv) Inclination

[Link] GPS was developed by_____

i) India ii) Japan iii) Russia iv) USA

[Link] the following, which indicates correct set of methods followed for fixing position

i) Pseudo ranging, absolute ranging ii) Carrier wave and Pseudo ranging iii) absolute
positioning, relative positioning iv)Carrier wave and absolute positioning

[Link] is the main parameter used in pseudo ranging?

i) Time ii) Distance iii) velocity iv) frequency

[Link] principle of Doppler shift used in GPS to measure ________.

i) Accuracy ii) Flexibility iii) Velocity iv) Capacity

[Link] contains information about ____

i) status of signals ii) Status of Satellite iii) status of reflection iv) status of aperture

[Link] GPS, Ranging measurement : TOA :: Velocity measurement : _______

i) Doppler effect ii) Red shift iii) Both i) and ii) iv) None of the above

[Link] GPS, 4th satellite is required _____

i) To determine 3D location ii) To compensate for the timing asynchronization iii) To

improve accuracy iv) None of the above

[Link] : USA :: BEIDOU : ___

i) India ii) Japan iii) China iv) EU

[Link] is also known as________

i) WGS84 ii) ECEF iii) ECIC iv) Cartesian

[Link] assumption while determining user location via satellite-generated ranging signals
is/are _________

i) Satellite ephemerides are accurate ii) User clock and system time are synchronized iii)
Both i) and ii) iv) None of the above

[Link] navigation is also known as ______________

i)Stokeout ii)Stakeout iii)Wayout iv)Pointout

__________ beam technology offers complete coverage of the seafloor with high resolution

i)Uni ii)Multi iii)single iv)None of the above

83,What is full form of ITS

i) International terrestrial system

ii) International telemetry system

iii) International transportation system

None of the above

84.______________ establish property corners, boundaries, and areas of land

parcels.

i)Cadastral surveying ii)Boundary scan

iii) kinematic surveying iv)Seismic surveying

[Link] is DSM

i)Digital surveying models ii) Defnite state machine

iii)Derived surveying models iv)None of the above

[Link] GPS provides ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬________-level positioning accuracy?

i) Centimeter ii)Millimeter iii) Nanometer iv)Micrometer

[Link] GPS will transmit the Y code for existing receivers and transmit the ____code
for new receivers

i)M code ii) Z code iii)X code iv) None of the above

[Link] _________ system may supplement the GPS system, in some cases, to monitor the
high-frequency portion of the structure vibration.

i)VNS ii)INS iii)GNS iv)IES

[Link] top point of the bull’s-eye is normally selected to represent the ____ .

i)East ii)West iii) South iv)North

[Link] reflected energy can be detected by special seismic devices called

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_________________

i) Geophones ii)Hydrophones iii) Semaphones iv)Seismicphones