Ruturaj Jadhav Sir’s

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SOUND
- Sound is a type of energy that allows us to hear things.
- It's created when an object vibrates, making it a vibrating body.
- An example: When you pluck a stretched rubber band, it vibrates and produces a faint sound.
- Sound needs a medium (like air, water, or solids) to travel; it can't travel in a vacuum (like space).
- Speed of sound varies: faster in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.
- For instance, sound travels about 1500 m/s in water and 330 m/s in air.
- When an object vibrates, the particles around it also vibrate, converting kinetic energy into potential
energy and vice versa, making sound a form of energy.

1. Which of the following correctly describes sound?

a) Sound is a form of light energy
b) Sound is a form of mechanical energy
c) Sound is a form of heat energy
d) Sound is a form of magnetic energy

2. What is necessary for sound to propagate?

a) Vacuum
b) Medium
c) Light
d) Electricity

3. In which medium does sound travel the fastest?

a) Solids
b) Liquids
c) Gases
d) Vacuum

4. How does the speed of sound compare in solids, liquids, and gases?
a) Faster in gases, slower in liquids, slowest in solids
b) Faster in solids, slower in gases, slowest in liquids
c) Faster in liquids, slower in solids, slowest in gases
d) Faster in gases, slower in solids, slowest in liquids

5. What happens to the kinetic energy of particles in a medium when a body vibrates?
a) It decreases
b) It remains constant
c) It changes into potential energy
d) It changes into light energy

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6. Why can't sound travel in vacuum?

a) Because vacuum absorbs sound
b) Because vacuum reflects sound
c) Because vacuum has no particles to transmit vibrations
d) Because vacuum has too many particles to transmit vibrations

7. When a rubber band is plucked, which form of energy is produced?

a) Light energy
b) Sound energy
c) Heat energy
d) Electrical energy

8. Which statement about sound is false?

a) Sound is produced when a body vibrates
b) Sound can travel in vacuum
c) Sound needs a medium for propagation
d) Sound is a form of energy

9. What happens to the particles of a medium during sound propagation?

a) They remain stationary
b) They move in the opposite direction of the sound wave
c) They vibrate along with the sound wave
d) They become denser

10. Which of the following correctly describes the speed of sound in air?
a) Nearly 5000 m/s
b) Nearly 1500 m/s
c) Nearly 330 m/s
d) Nearly 1000 m/s

### Answers:
1. b) Sound is a form of mechanical energy
2. b) Medium
3. a) Solids
4. b) Faster in solids, slower in gases, slowest in liquids
5. c) It changes into potential energy
6. c) Because vacuum has no particles to transmit vibrations
7. b) Sound energy
8. b) Sound can travel in vacuum
9. c) They vibrate along with the sound wave
10. c) Nearly 330 m/s

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Propagation of Sound in Air

- Sound propagation begins with a vibrating source causing periodic disturbances in the medium, such as
air.
- Example: Pushing and releasing a metal strip creates vibrations, producing sound waves.
- As the strip moves, it compresses air particles in front, forming regions of high pressure (compression).
- The disturbance moves forward as compression, with particles remaining in place.
- When the strip moves back, it creates regions of low pressure (rarefaction).
- Compression and rarefaction move forward, carrying the disturbance.
- This cycle forms one wave, with particles vibrating about their mean positions.
- These waves, called longitudinal waves, travel through mediums like air, liquids, and solids.
- Longitudinal waves are waves where particles move parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
- Particles transfer energy by vibrating in place, maintaining a constant speed of propagation.
Learn this definition: The wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate about their mean positions,
in the direction of propagation of sound, is called longitudinal wave.

1. What happens when a source of sound vibrates?

a) It creates a vacuum in the medium
b) It produces a periodic disturbance in the medium
c) It generates light waves
d) It creates a magnetic field

2. How does the disturbance created by a vibrating source travel in the medium?
a) In the form of transverse waves
b) In the form of longitudinal waves
c) In the form of circular waves
d) In the form of electromagnetic waves

3. What is formed when the particles of air come closer to each other due to the movement of a
vibrating source?
a) Compression
b) Rarefaction
c) Refraction
d) Reflection

4. What happens to the particles of the medium during the propagation of sound waves?
a) They move with the compression
b) They move in the opposite direction of the compression
c) They vibrate about their mean positions
d) They remain stationary

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5. Which region is formed when the particles of air near the vibrating source return back to their normal
positions due to the elasticity of the medium?
a) Compression
b) Rarefaction
c) Refraction
d) Reflection

6. What constitutes one wave in the propagation of sound?

a) Compression only
b) Rarefaction only
c) Compression and rarefaction together
d) Expansion only

7. In which direction do the particles of the medium vibrate in a longitudinal wave?

a) Perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation
b) Parallel to the direction of wave propagation
c) Randomly in all directions
d) Opposite to the direction of wave propagation

8. How do compression and rarefaction regions carry the disturbance along with them?
a) By moving the particles of the medium with them
b) By changing the temperature of the medium
c) By altering the density of the medium
d) By changing the color of the medium

9. What determines the speed of propagation of sound in a medium?

a) The frequency of the sound wave
b) The amplitude of the sound wave
c) The nature of the medium
d) The wavelength of the sound wave

10. What type of wave is produced during the propagation of sound in air?
a) Transverse wave
b) Longitudinal wave
c) Electromagnetic wave
d) Surface wave

11. What happens to the particles of the medium during the propagation of sound waves?
a) They move along the direction of wave propagation
b) They oscillate about their mean positions
c) They remain stationary

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d) They move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation

12. How is energy transferred during the propagation of sound waves in a medium?
a) Through the movement of particles in the medium
b) Through changes in the medium's density
c) Through the generation of electromagnetic waves
d) Through the emission of light waves

### Answers:
1. b) It produces a periodic disturbance in the medium
2. b) In the form of longitudinal waves
3. a) Compression
4. c) They vibrate about their mean positions
5. a) Compression
6. c) Compression and rarefaction together
7. b) Parallel to the direction of wave propagation
8. a) By moving the particles of the medium with them
9. c) The nature of the medium
10. b) Longitudinal wave
11. b) They oscillate about their mean positions
12. a) Through the movement of particles in the medium

TERMS RELATED TO A WAVE:

Amplitude:
The maximum displacement of a particle of the medium from its mean position; denoted by 'a';
measured in meters (m).
Time Period:
The duration taken by a particle of the medium to complete one full vibration; denoted by 'T'; measured
in seconds (s).
Frequency:
The number of vibrations completed by a particle of the medium in one second; also the number of
waves passing through a point in one second; denoted by 'f'; measured in hertz (Hz)
- The frequency of a wave depends on how fast its source vibrates.
- It stays the same no matter how big the vibrations are or what kind of stuff the wave travels through.

Wavelength:

- Wavelength (λ) is the distance traveled by the wave in one time period of the vibration of a particle of
the medium.
- It's denoted by the letter λ and measured in meters (m).

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- Wavelength depends on the medium through which the wave travels.

1. What is the amplitude of a wave?
a) The number of vibrations produced by a particle of the medium in one second
b) The time taken by a particle of medium to complete its one vibration
c) The maximum displacement of a particle of medium on either side of its mean position
d) The distance between two consecutive crests of a wave

2. What does the time period of a wave represent?

a) The number of waves passing through a point in one second
b) The maximum displacement of a particle of medium on either side of its mean position
c) The time taken by a particle of medium to complete its one vibration
d) The distance between two consecutive crests of a wave

3. What is the SI unit of amplitude?

a) Hertz (Hz)
b) Meter per second (m/s)
c) Second (s)
d) Meter (m)

4. Which term represents the number of vibrations produced by a particle of the medium in one
second?
a) Time period
b) Amplitude
c) Frequency
d) Wavelength

5. What is the characteristic of a wave's source that determines its frequency?

a) Amplitude of vibration
b) Nature of medium
c) Time period
d) Number of vibrations produced by the source per second

6. What SI unit is used to measure frequency?

a) Hertz (Hz)
b) Meter per second (m/s)
c) Second (s)
d) Meter (m)

7. Which factor does the frequency of a wave depend on?

a) Amplitude of vibration
b) Nature of medium

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c) Time period
d) Source of the wave
8. What is wavelength?
a) The maximum displacement of a particle of medium on either side of its mean position
b) The distance between two consecutive crests of a wave
c) The distance travelled by the wave in one time period of vibration of particle of medium
d) The time taken by a particle of medium to complete its one vibration

9. What determines the wavelength of a wave?

a) Time period
b) Amplitude
c) Frequency
d) Nature of medium

10. In a longitudinal wave, what does the distance between two consecutive compressions or
rarefactions represent?
a) Amplitude
b) Time period
c) Frequency
d) Wavelength

11. How is wavelength denoted?

a) T
b) f
c) λ
d) a

12. What SI unit is used to measure wavelength?

a) Hertz (Hz)
b) Meter per second (m/s)
c) Second (s)
d) Meter (m)

13. Which of the following statements is true regarding wavelength?

a) It depends on the amplitude of the wave
b) It depends on the frequency of the wave
c) It depends on the time period of the wave
d) It depends on the nature of the medium

14. What is the relationship between wavelength (λ) and time period (T)?
a) λ = T

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b) λ = 1 - T
c) λ = T^2
d) λ = 1/T

### Answers:
1. c) The maximum displacement of a particle of medium on either side of its mean position
2. c) The time taken by a particle of medium to complete its one vibration
3. d) Meter (m)
4. c) Frequency
5. d) Number of vibrations produced by the source per second
6. a) Hertz (Hz)
7. d) Source of the wave
8. c) The distance travelled by the wave in one time period of vibration of particle of medium
9. d) Nature of medium
10. d) Wavelength
11. c) λ
12. d) Meter (m)
13. d) It depends on the nature of the medium
14. d) λ = 1/T

Relationship between time period (T) and frequency (f) of a wave:

- If T represents the time period of a wave, then by definition, in time T, the number of waves equals 1.
- Therefore, in 1 second, the number of waves is 1/T.
- So, frequency (f) equals 1 divided by the time period (T), or f = 1/T.
- Also, the time period (T) equals 1 divided by the frequency (f), or T = 1/f.

1. What is the relationship between time period (T) and frequency (f) of a wave?
a) T = f
b) T = 1/f
c) T = f^2
d) T = 1 - f

2. If the frequency of a wave is 50 Hz, what is its time period?

a) 0.02 s
b) 2 s
c) 0.5 s
d) 20 s

3. If the time period of a wave is 0.02 s, what is its frequency?

a) 0.02 Hz

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b) 2 Hz
c) 50 Hz
d) 20 Hz

### Answers:
1. b) T = 1/f
2. a) 0.02 s
3. b) 2 Hz

REPRESENTATION OF A WAVE

- Waves in a medium can be described using two types of graphs:

- Displacement-time graph
- Displacement-distance graph

1. Displacement-time graph:
- Shows how the displacement of a particle changes over time at a fixed position when a wave passes
through the medium.
- Example: If the amplitude is 2 cm and the time period is 4 s, the frequency is 0.25 Hz.

2. Displacement-distance graph:
- It shows how the displacement of particles at different positions changes with distance at a given
time.

1. Which graph shows the variation of displacement of a particle of the medium with time at a given
position when a wave propagates through the medium?
a) Displacement-time graph
b) Displacement-distance graph
c) Time-frequency graph
d) Distance-time graph

2. What does the displacement-time graph represent?

a) Variation of displacement with frequency
b) Variation of displacement with distance
c) Variation of displacement with time
d) Variation of displacement with amplitude

3. In a displacement-distance graph, what does the amplitude of the wave represent?

a) Variation of displacement with frequency
b) Variation of displacement with time

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c) Maximum displacement of particles at different positions

d) Variation of displacement with wavelength

### Answers:
1. a) Displacement-time graph
2. c) Variation of displacement with time
3. c) Maximum displacement of particles at different positions

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND

A sound wave is characterized by its amplitude and frequency. Two sounds can be distinguished from
one another by the following three characteristics:

(1) Loudness,

(2) Pitch (or shrillness), and

(3) Quality (or timbre or wave form).

1. Loudness:

- Loudness distinguishes between a loud sound and a faint sound with the same frequency and wave
form.
- It depends on the amplitude of vibration of the sound-producing body.
- Greater amplitude means louder sound.
- Example: Striking a guitar string softly produces a soft sound, but striking it hard creates a louder
sound.
- Similarly, hitting a drum gently produces a faint sound, while hitting it hard produces a loud sound.
- IMPORTANT: Beating a drum softly creates a faint sound due to small membrane vibrations, whereas
beating it hard generates a loud sound due to large membrane vibrations.

Factors affecting the loudness of sound:

1. Amplitude of wave:

- Greater amplitude of vibration leads to greater energy transmission, resulting in louder sound.
- Activity: Beating a drum gently produces a feeble sound, while beating it harder creates a louder
sound, demonstrated by the movement of a ping-pong ball on the drum membrane.
2. Distance of source of sound:

- Closer proximity to the source of sound results in louder perception, while increasing distance
diminishes the sound's loudness.
- Activity: Hearing a clock ticking loudly when close to it, but the sound becomes feeble and eventually
inaudible as the clock is moved further away.

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3. Surface area of vibrating body:

- Larger vibrating surface area emits more energy, resulting in louder sound.
- Example: Larger drums produce louder sounds compared to smaller drums; bigger bells in temples
produce louder sounds than smaller ones.

4. Sensitivity of the listener:

- The perception of loudness varies depending on the sensitivity of the listener's ears.
- A sound may appear loud to one listener but not as loud to another.

Intensity of Sound:

- Defined as the energy of sound reaching a unit area of surface per second.
- Measurable quantity.
- Loudness cannot be measured directly.
- Intensity remains constant regardless of the listener's ear sensitivity.
- However, louder sounds have higher intensity.
Note: In partially deaf listeners, louder sounds may still appear feeble due to reduced sensitivity.

Relationship between Loudness and Amplitude:

- Loudness of sound is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude of the wave.
- Doubling the amplitude quadruples the loudness (2^2 = 4 times).

- Loudness ∝ (Amplitude)^2
- Tripling the amplitude increases the loudness by nine times (3^2 = 9 times), and so on.

Decibel Scale:
- Loudness of sound is measured in decibels (dB).
- 1 dB equals one-tenth of a bel.
- The minimum audible loudness at a frequency of 1 kHz is considered zero dB.
- Loudness increases by 10 dB with every tenfold increase in intensity.
- The safe range for hearing is 0 to 80 dB.
- Consistent exposure to sounds above 120 dB can lead to headaches and permanent ear damage,
termed as noise.

2. Pitch:
- Characteristic of sound distinguishing between acute (shrill) and flat sounds.
- Depends on the frequency of vibrations per second.
- Relates mainly to musical sounds, with each musical note having a distinct pitch.

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- High pitch denotes shrillness, while low pitch indicates flatness.

- In tape recorders or TVs, bass refers to low pitch, and treble refers to high pitch.
Examples:
- The crying sound of a baby is shriller than that of an adult due to the baby's higher frequency.
- A female voice is generally shriller than a male voice.
- Rubbing a postcard slowly against a comb produces a grave sound, but rubbing it quickly creates a
shrill sound.
Changing Pitch in Musical Instruments:
Stringed Instruments:
- Vary pitch by changing tension or thickness of strings.
- Plucking closer to a fixed end increases pitch.
Wind Instruments:
- Lower pitch achieved by closing more holes to increase the length of the vibrating air column.
- Higher pitch obtained by opening holes to decrease the length of the vibrating air column.
Membrane Instruments:
- Pitch depends on the size and tension of the membrane.
- Tighter and smaller membranes produce higher pitches.
Activities to Understand Pitch:
- Changing water level in a pitcher alters pitch, with higher water levels resulting in shriller sounds.
- Varying the position of plucking on a stretched wire changes the number of loops, affecting pitch.
- Adjusting water level in a test tube alters pitch, with less air column length producing shriller sounds.
Note: Instruments with smaller and tighter membranes produce higher-pitched sounds, enhancing their
shrillness.

Monotone:
- A sound consisting of a single frequency is called a monotone.
- Tuning forks are the only sources of sound that produce monotones.
- Tuning forks are U-shaped metallic pieces with a stem in the middle and prongs at the ends.
- When struck with a rubber pad, a tuning fork vibrates at its own frequency.
- Frequencies of tuning forks typically correspond to musical notes, marked on the tuning fork itself.
- Common frequencies for tuning forks include 256 Hz, 288 Hz, 320 Hz, 384 Hz, 480 Hz, and 512 Hz.
- The waveform of the sound produced by a tuning fork is a simple sine wave.

3. Quality (or Timbre or Waveform):

- Characteristic distinguishing sounds of the same pitch and loudness.
- Sound produced by any musical instrument or voice contains multiple waves of different frequencies.
- These waves, known as harmonics or overtones, are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
- Each source of sound has a unique waveform due to the presence of these vibrations.
- Waveform differs even if pitch and loudness are the same.
- Recognizable by humans without visual cues; for example, recognizing a person's voice over the
phone.

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- Differentiates between sounds of different musical instruments, even if they have the same pitch and
loudness.
- Example: The waveform of a note played on a piano differs from the same note played on a flute,
allowing easy distinction between the two instruments.

Factors Affecting Different Characteristics of Sound:

- Loudness: Depends on amplitude of wave.
- Pitch: Depends on frequency of vibration.
- Quality: Unique waveform determined by the source of sound.

QUESTIONS:

1. Two waves G and H have amplitudes of 4 cm and 6 cm respectively. Compare their loudness. Which
sound is louder?
Solution: Given, amplitude of wave G = 4 cm, amplitude of wave H = 6 cm. Since the amplitude of wave
H is greater than that of wave G, sound H is louder.

2. Two sources of sound P and Q emit frequencies of 300 Hz and 600 Hz respectively. Which sound has a
higher pitch? How do the two sounds differ to a listener?
Solution: Given, frequency of source P = 300 Hz, frequency of source Q = 600 Hz. Thus, sound Q has a
higher pitch than sound P. To a listener, sound P will be lower-pitched, while sound Q will be higher-
pitched.

3. Consider two waves R and S. Wave R has amplitude of 20 and wave S has amplitude 30. Wave R has
time period of 10 and wave S has time period of 15.
(i) Which sound is louder? Provide a reason.
(ii) Which sound is shriller? Explain.
Solution:
(i) Sound S is louder than sound R because the amplitude of wave S is greater than that of wave R.
(ii) Sound R is shriller than sound S because the time period of wave R is shorter than that of wave S,
indicating a higher frequency for wave R compared to wave S.

What are the three characteristics used to distinguish between different sounds?
a) Amplitude, frequency, and wavelength
b) Loudness, pitch, and quality
c) Intensity, frequency, and time period
d) Volume, frequency, and wavelength

ANS: 2. b)

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1. What does loudness distinguish between in sound?

a) Different frequencies
b) Different wavelengths
c) A loud sound and a faint sound with the same frequency and wave form
d) Different qualities

2. What factor does loudness depend on?

a) Frequency of the sound wave
b) Wavelength of the sound wave
c) Amplitude of vibration of the sound-producing body
d) Quality of the sound wave

3. What happens to the sound when the amplitude of vibration increases?

a) The sound becomes softer
b) The sound becomes quieter
c) The sound becomes louder
d) The sound becomes higher pitched

4. Which scenario demonstrates the relationship between amplitude and loudness?

a) Plucking a guitar string softly
b) Hitting a drum gently
c) Striking a guitar string hard
d) Beating a drum softly

Correct Answers:
1. c) A loud sound and a faint sound with the same frequency and wave form
2. c) Amplitude of vibration of the sound-producing body
3. c) The sound becomes louder
4. c) Striking a guitar string hard

Extra questions set 1:

1. What effect does greater amplitude of vibration have on sound?

a) It decreases the energy transmission

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b) It results in quieter sound

c) It leads to greater energy transmission and louder sound
d) It has no impact on the sound

2. How does the distance from the source of sound affect the perception of loudness?
a) It has no effect
b) Closer proximity increases loudness, while increasing distance decreases it
c) Closer proximity decreases loudness, while increasing distance increases it
d) It makes the sound more pleasant

3. What happens to the loudness of sound when the surface area of the vibrating body increases?
a) It remains constant
b) It decreases
c) It becomes softer
d) It increases

4. Which scenario demonstrates the relationship between amplitude and loudness?

a) Beating a drum softly
b) Hitting a small bell gently
c) Striking a large drum hard
d) Plucking a guitar string softly

5. What does the intensity of sound measure?

a) The frequency of sound waves
b) The amplitude of sound waves
c) The energy of sound reaching a unit area of surface per second
d) The distance traveled by sound waves

6. How is loudness different from intensity?

a) Loudness measures the energy of sound waves, while intensity measures the frequency
b) Loudness cannot be measured, while intensity is measurable
c) Loudness depends on listener's ear sensitivity, while intensity does not
d) Loudness and intensity are synonymous terms

7. Which factor does not affect the loudness of sound?

a) Surface area of vibrating body
b) Distance from the source of sound
c) Sensitivity of the listener's ears
d) Frequency of the sound wave

8. How does the sensitivity of the listener's ears affect the perception of loudness?

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a) It does not affect the perception of loudness

b) A sound appears louder to a less sensitive listener
c) A sound appears fainter to a less sensitive listener
d) A sound appears fainter to a more sensitive listener

Correct Answers:
1. c) It leads to greater energy transmission and louder sound
2. b) Closer proximity increases loudness, while increasing distance decreases it
3. d) It increases
4. c) Striking a large drum hard
5. c) The energy of sound reaching a unit area of surface per second
6. b) Loudness cannot be measured, while intensity is measurable
7. d) Frequency of the sound wave
8. c) A sound appears fainter to a less sensitive listener

Extra questions set 2:

1. How does the loudness of sound change with respect to the amplitude of the wave?
a) Loudness increases linearly with amplitude
b) Loudness decreases with increasing amplitude
c) Loudness is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude
d) Loudness remains constant regardless of amplitude changes

2. What is the relationship between doubling the amplitude of a sound wave and its loudness?
a) Loudness doubles
b) Loudness quadruples
c) Loudness triples
d) Loudness remains unchanged

3. What is the importance of the decibel scale in measuring loudness?

a) It measures the frequency of sound waves
b) It indicates the amplitude of sound waves
c) It provides a standardized unit for measuring loudness
d) It quantifies the quality of sound waves

Correct Answers:
1. c) Loudness is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude
2. b) Loudness quadruples
3. c) It provides a standardized unit for measuring loudness

Extra questions set 3:

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1. What is pitch in the context of sound?

a) The amplitude of sound waves
b) The quality of sound waves
c) The characteristic distinguishing between acute and flat sounds
d) The intensity of sound waves

2. Which factor primarily determines the pitch of a sound?

a) Amplitude of vibrations
b) Frequency of vibrations per second
c) Size of the sound-producing body
d) Distance from the source of sound

3. In tape recorders or TVs, what does "treble" refer to?

a) Low pitch
b) High pitch
c) Loudness
d) Quality of sound

4. How does rubbing a postcard against a comb slowly versus quickly affect the pitch of the sound
produced?
a) Slow rubbing produces a higher pitch
b) Slow rubbing produces a lower pitch
c) Quick rubbing produces a higher pitch
d) Quick rubbing produces a lower pitch

5. How can the pitch of sound be varied in wind instruments like a flute?
a) By changing the tension of the membrane
b) By plucking closer to a fixed end
c) By opening more holes to decrease the length of the vibrating air column
d) By tightening the membrane

6. What activity demonstrates how changing the water level in a pitcher affects the pitch of the sound
produced?
a) Adjusting the water level in a test tube
b) Plucking a stretched wire at different positions
c) Rubbing a postcard against a comb
d) Changing the position of plucking on a stretched wire

7. Which type of instrument produces higher-pitched sounds when the membrane is smaller and
tighter?

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SARASWATI CLASSES for SSC, CBSE, NCERT, ICSE, IGCSE and MH HSC +91 9588658176

a) Wind instruments
b) Stringed instruments
c) Percussion instruments
d) Brass instruments

8. What aspect of a sound wave does pitch primarily depend on?

a) Amplitude
b) Wavelength
c) Frequency
d) Intensity

9. How is the pitch of a sound affected when more holes are closed in a wind instrument like a flute?
a) The pitch becomes lower
b) The pitch becomes higher
c) The pitch remains the same
d) The pitch becomes softer

10. Which of the following is an example of a situation where a higher pitch is achieved?
a) Opening more holes in a flute
b) Striking a drum with less force
c) Increasing the size of the vibrating surface area
d) Plucking a guitar string with less tension

Correct Answers:
1. c) The characteristic distinguishing between acute and flat sounds
2. b) Frequency of vibrations per second
3. b) High pitch
4. c) Quick rubbing produces a higher pitch
5. c) By opening more holes to decrease the length of the vibrating air column
6. a) Adjusting the water level in a test tube
7. c) Percussion instruments
8. c) Frequency
9. a) The pitch becomes lower
10. a) Opening more holes in a flute

Extra questions set 4a:

1. What is a monotone in the context of sound?

a) A sound with varying frequencies
b) A sound consisting of a single frequency
c) A sound with complex waveforms

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Ruturaj Jadhav Sir’s
SARASWATI CLASSES for SSC, CBSE, NCERT, ICSE, IGCSE and MH HSC +91 9588658176

d) A sound with varying amplitudes

2. What is a characteristic feature of tuning forks?

a) They produce sounds with complex waveforms
b) They vibrate at multiple frequencies simultaneously
c) They are U-shaped metallic pieces with prongs at the ends
d) They produce sounds with varying frequencies

3. How are frequencies typically indicated on tuning forks?

a) They are printed on a label attached to the tuning fork
b) They are engraved on the stem of the tuning fork
c) They are marked on the tuning fork itself
d) They are determined by the length of the tuning fork

Correct Answers:
1. b) A sound consisting of a single frequency
2. c) They are U-shaped metallic pieces with prongs at the ends
3. c) They are marked on the tuning fork itself

Extra questions set 5:

1. What is quality (or timbre or waveform) in the context of sound?

a) The frequency of vibrations
b) The amplitude of vibrations
c) The characteristic distinguishing sounds of the same pitch and loudness
d) The intensity of sound waves

2. What are harmonics or overtones in sound?

a) Waves that travel faster than the fundamental frequency
b) Waves that travel slower than the fundamental frequency
c) Waves that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency
d) Waves that are half the frequency of the fundamental frequency

3. How does the waveform of sound help in distinguishing between different sources of sound?
a) By varying its frequency
b) By changing its amplitude
c) By being identical for all sources of sound
d) By being unique to each source due to the presence of different harmonics

4. Which of the following is true about quality (or timbre or waveform) of sound?
a) It remains constant across different sources of sound

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Ruturaj Jadhav Sir’s
SARASWATI CLASSES for SSC, CBSE, NCERT, ICSE, IGCSE and MH HSC +91 9588658176

b) It is solely determined by the pitch and loudness of sound

c) It can be measured directly in decibels
d) It differentiates between sounds of the same pitch and loudness but from different sources

5. How do humans recognize the quality of sound without visual cues?

a) By analyzing the intensity of sound waves
b) By interpreting the frequency of sound waves
c) By identifying the unique waveform of the sound
d) By measuring the amplitude of sound waves

6. What distinguishes between sounds of different musical instruments, even if they have the same
pitch and loudness?
a) Their frequency of vibration
b) Their amplitude of vibration
c) Their unique waveform or quality
d) Their intensity of sound waves

7. Which example best illustrates the concept of quality (or timbre or waveform) of sound?
a) The amplitude of a note played on a piano
b) The frequency of a note played on a flute
c) The waveform of the same note played on a piano and a flute
d) The intensity of sound waves produced by different instruments

Correct Answers:
1. c) The characteristic distinguishing sounds of the same pitch and loudness
2. c) Waves that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency
3. d) By being unique to each source due to the presence of different harmonics
4. d) It differentiates between sounds of the same pitch and loudness but from different sources
5. c) By identifying the unique waveform of the sound
6. c) Their unique waveform or quality
7. c) The waveform of the same note played on a piano and a flute

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