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IMAGE PRODUCTION & EVALUATION

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3. INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer “for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by
marking the corresponding letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES. Use pencil no.
2 only.

4. MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. The best method for controlling motion when the patient A. penetrability
is unable to cooperate is to _____. B. attenuation
A. increase kVp C. reduction
B. maintain mAs, while decreasing time D. oxidation
C. maintain mAs, while decreasing mA
D. decrease kVp 11. If the mAs of a radiograph is increased from 10 to 20, the
resulting radiograph will exhibit _____.
2. Distortion is a misrepresentation of _____. A. Decreased radiographic density
A. size only B. Decreased radiographic contrast
B. shape only C. Increased radiographic density
C. size and shape D. Increased radiographic contrast
D. detail
12. The relationship between mAs and exposure is ______.
3. As size distortion decreases, the resolution of recorded A. Exponential
detail ____. B. Direct Proportional
A. increases C. Indirect Proportional
B. decreases D. Sinusoidal
C. is not affected
D. is lost 13. If the mAs used to create one image is the same as the
mAs used to create a second image of the same structure,
4. Examination of body parts with a large inherent OID, use then both images should have the same ______.
____ whenever possible. A. Detail
A. small SID B. Distortion
B. large SID C. Density
C. small SOD D. Contrast
D. none of the above
14. Increasing the energy of an incident electron will result in
5. It is considered the major factor for magnification. the production of an x-ray photon with ______.
A. FFD A. Greater energy
B. OFD B. Less energy
C. FSS C. Greater charge
D. IR D. Less charge

6. Unequal magnification of different portions of the same 15. The relationship between the intensity of radiation and
object is called distance is the _____.
A. Size distortion A. Reciprocity Law
B. Distortion B. Inverse Square Law
C. Shape distortion C. Direct Square Law
D. Magnification D. 15% Rule

7. The optimal kVp must ensure _____. 16. If you have a patient for femur x-ray, which part is located
A. sufficient penetration of the subject on the anode side?
B. acceptable radiographic contrast A. Hip
C. the availability of diagnostic information B. Knee
D. all of the above C. Leg
D. Pelvis
8. The use of maximum kVp as optimal causes a
corresponding decrease in ____. 17. It is a combination of image contrast and subject contrast.
A. mA only A. radiographic contrast
B. time only B. contrast
C. mAs C. optical density
D. none of the above D. density difference

9. It is the relationship between the focal spot and the film- 18. Principal contributory of noise in many radiologic
screen system. imaging.
A. FFD A. Focal spot blur
B. OFD B. Geometric unsharpness
C. Central ray C. Quantum mottle
D. Object plane D. Film graininess

19. The use of low-kVp will result to which of the following

in relation to optical density.
10. It is defined as the ability of an x-ray beam to pass 1. x-ray beam is less penetrating
through tissue. 2. higher mAs is required
 3. higher patient dose A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 1 and 3 D. 1, 2, and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. all of these 30. Distortion can be caused by
1. tube angle.
20. Magnification is reduced by which of the following? 2. the position of the organ or structure within the
A. increasing kVp body.
B. increasing screen speed 3. the radiographic positioning of the part.
C. increasing SID and OID
D. increasing SID and reducing OID A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
21. Which of the following has the greatest effect on C. 2 and 3 only
radiographic density? D. 1, 2, and 3
A. Aluminum filtration
B. Kilovoltage 31. The variation in photon distribution between the anode and
C. SID cathode ends of the x-ray tube is known as
D. Scattered radiation A. the line focus principle.
B. the anode heel effect.
22. In a radiographic examination of the lumbar spine, which C. the inverse square law.
of the following techniques would result in greatest D. Bohr's theory.
exposure to the patient?
A. 70 kVp/200 mAs 32. An increase in kilovoltage will serve to
B. 80 kVp/100 mAs A. produce a longer scale of contrast.
C. 95 kVp/50 mAs B. produce a shorter scale of contrast.
D. 110 kVp/25 mAs C. decrease the radiographic density.
D. decrease the production of scatter radiation.
23. Which photons primarily interact with the radiographic
film? 33. Which of the following is (are) associated with subject
A. x-ray contrast?
B. heat 1. Patient thickness
C. light 2. Tissue density
D. sound 3. Kilovoltage

24. Which of the following does not affect image blur? A. 1 only
A. Focal-spot size B. 1 and 2 only
B. kVp C. 1 and 3 only
C. OID D. 1, 2, and 3
D. SID
34. Foreshortening can be caused by
25. Using contrast media principally affects which of the A. the radiographic object being placed at an
following? angle to the film.
A. Blur B. excessive distance between the object and the
B. Contrast resolution film.
C. Mass density C. insufficient distance between the focus and the
D. Optical density film.
D. excessive distance between the focus and the film.
26. Which of the following is most influenced by focal-spot
size? 35. Which of the following will contribute to the production of
A. Absorption blur longer-scale radiographic contrast?
B. Contrast resolution 1. An increase in kVp
C. Geometric blur 2. An increase in grid ratio
D. Motion blur 3. An increase in photon energy
27. Ensuring good screen-film contact also ensures reduced:
A. 1 only
A. Blur
B. 1 and 2 only
B. Contrast resolution
C. 1 and 3 only
C. Magnification
D. 1, 2, and 3
D. Patient dose
36. Misalignment of the tube-part-film relationship results in
28. An x-ray beam can be made harder by increasing which of
A. shape distortion.
the following?
B. size distortion.
A. Filtration
C. magnification.
B. mA
D. blur.
C. mAs
D. SID
37. Recorded detail can be improved by decreasing
29. Which of the following influences geometric unsharpness?
1. the SID.
1. OID
2. the OID.
2. Focal-object distance
3. motion unsharpness.
3. SID
 A. 1 only
B. 3 only 48. Shape distortion is influenced by the relationship between
C. 2 and 3 only the
D. 1, 2, and 3 1. x-ray tube and the part to be imaged
2. part to be imaged and the IR
38. Short scale contrast is defined by: 3. IR and the x-ray tube
A. More contrast
B. Less contrast A. 1 only
C. A product of secondary radiation B. 1 and 2
D. Product of high kilovoltage C. 1 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
39. Which would principally reduce the production of scatter
radiation? 49. A lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine was made using
A. A decrease in kVp 200 mA, 1 s exposure, and 90 kVp. If the exposure
B. Use a grid factors were changed to 200 mA, 1/2 s, and 104 kVp,
C. A decrease in SID there would be an obvious change in which of the
D. Use of a filter following?
1. Radiographic density
40. Inaccurate central ray will lead to 2. Scale of radiographic contrast
A. Shape distortion 3. Distortion
B. Size distortion
C. Magnification A. 1 only
D. Distortion B. 2 and 3 only
C. 2 only
41. Elongation and Foreshortening can be minimized by D. 1, 2, and 3
ensuring the proper CR alignment of the following:
1. X-ray tube 50. What is Quantum mottle?
2. Part A. something used in Narvaez's class
3. Image receptor B. a type of cassette
4. Entry or exit point of the CR C. loss in density
D. a blotchy or mottled image
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 4 51. Differential absorption of the x-ray beam is a function of:
C. 2 and 3 A. Compton interaction
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 B. Atomic mass of anatomic structures
C. mAs
42. Radiographic film/screen system resolution is generally D. Photoelectric interaction
controlled by ____.
A. intensifying screen crystals 52. Which of the following is the principal reason for using
B. film emulsion crystals direct-exposure radiography?
C. bucky oscillation A. Better resolution of low-contrast tissues
D. SID B. Better spatial resolution
C. Higher contrast
43. Distortion is a misrepresentation of _____. D. Less motion blur
A. size only
B. shape only 53. In the geometric aspects of image formation,
C. size and shape magnification will increase if
D. detail A. mAs will added
B. Definition is constant
44. Size distortion in radiography can be ____ only. C. OFD will increase
A. foreshortening D. SID increases
B. magnification
C. elongation 54. With other factors constant, optical density will increase
D. distortion with increasing:
A. Focal-spot size
45. As size distortion decreases, the resolution of recorded B. Grid ratio
detail C. mAs
A. increases D. SID
B. decreases
C. is not affected 55. Radiographic contrast is increased by which of the
D. is lost following?
A. Increasing grid ratio
46. Which occurs when the tube or the image receptor is not B. Raising kVp
properly aligned? C. Reducing the air gap
A. Elongation D. Reducing the heel effect
B. magnification
C. foreshortening
D. minification
47. Which occurs when the part is improperly aligned?
56. When radiographic technique factors are adjusted to obtain
A. elongation
an acceptable image, patient dose will increase as which of
B. magnification
the following increases?
C. foreshortening
A. Film speed
D. minification
B. Grid ratio
 C. SID D. Reducing SID
D. SOD
67. As film-screen system sensitivity decreases
57. Focal spot blur can be reduced by which of the following? A. radiographic density decreases
A. Increasing kVp B. radiographic density increases
B. Increasing mAs C. radiographic contrast decreases
C. Increasing OID D. recorded detail decreases
D. Using the small focal spot
68. The use of filtration:
58. Which of the following have no impact on contrast? A. greatly reduces radiographic density because of
A. photon energy. the absorption of short-wavelength x-rays
B. grid ratio. B. greatly reduces radiographic density because of
C. OID. the absorption of high-energy x-rays
D. focal spot size. C. increases radiographic density by removing long-
wavelength x-rays
59. A decrease in recorded detail may be expected with a D. has little effect on density because x-rays removed
decrease in from beam are not image-producing rays
1. SID.
2. focal spot size. 69. The chest represents high-contrast anatomy (high subject
3. screen speed. contrast). Therefore, which of the following is most
appropriate?
A. 1 only A. High kVp
B. 1 and 2 only B. High mAs
C. 2 and 3 only C. Long SID
D. 1, 2, and 3 D. Low kVp

60. If 5 mm Al filtration is added to the x-ray tube: 70. Film resolution is determined by ____.
A. Contrast resolution will improve A. silver halide crystal size
B. Motion unsharpness will decrease B. processor time
C. Optical density will decrease C. processor temperature
D. Radiographic contrast will increase D. speed point

61. An x-ray beam filter has the greatest effect on dose 71. Radiographic film/screen system resolution is generally
reduction to the: controlled by ____.
A. Gonads A. intensifying screen crystals
B. Lens B. film emulsion crystals
C. Skin C. bucky oscillation
D. Thyroid D. SID

62. The ability of film to stop light is termed ____. 72. Film sensitivity is affected by the ____.
A. incidence A. size of the silver halide crystals
B. lucency B. number of sensitivity specks
C. opacity C. thickness of the emulsion layer
D. neutrality D. all of the above

63. A radiograph that shows a relative lack of focal spot blur 73. The difference between adjacent densities is ___.
would be: A. resolution
A. high in contrast B. speed
B. low in distortion C. definition
C. low in optical density D. contrast
D. sharp in detail
74. When a phosphor is struck by an x-ray photon, it will emit
64. Which of the following is most responsible for light _____.
radiographic spatial resolution? A. parallel to the angle of incidence
A. Film graininess B. perpendicular to the angle of incidence
B. Focal-spot size C. at a 45 degree angle to the angle of incidence
C. Screen mottle D. in all directions
D. SID
75. The active layer of the intensifying screen is the ____.
65. The purpose of adding blue dye to the base of radiographic A. base
film is to: B. reflective layer
A. reduce glare and enhance contrast for viewing the C. protective layer
image D. phosphor layer
B. reduce radiographic contrast
C. reduce exposure to the patient
D. there is no particular effect

66. Focal spot blur can be reduced by:

A. increasing focal-spot size 76. The ability of the phosphor to emit as much light per x-ray
B. increasing processing time or temperature photon interaction as possible is a measurement of the
C. Reducing OID A. brilliance
B. spectral emission
 C. atomic number B. Increase mAs 50%
D. screen speed C. Double the mAs
D. Halve the mAs
77. Poor screen/film contact can produce ____.
A. increased density 86. A quality image is produced using 70 kVp and 25 mAs at
B. lack of detail a 40-inch SID. What calculated change in exposure
C. lack of contrast technique is necessary to maintain radiation exposure to
D. increase detail the image receptor when the SID is increased to 56 inches?
A. 60 kVp at 25 mAs
78. The adjustment in technical factors required when using B. 70 kVp at 12.5 mAs
beam restriction is: C. 70 kVp at 50 mAs
A. increase kVp D. 60 kVp at 50 mAs
B. decrease kVp to reduce the number of compton’s
interactions taking place 87. Which one of the following increases as collimation
C. decrease mAs to reduce the number of compton’s increases?
interactions taking place A. Patient exposure
D. increase mAs to compensate for the number of B. Scatter production
rays removed from the primary beam C. Fog
D. Contrast
79. Which film type is least sensitive to the rare-earth
phosphors? 88. It filters balance intensity of the x-ray beam so as to
A. blue sensitive deliver a more uniform exposure to the image receptor.
B. yellow sensitive A. added filtration
C. green sensitive B. inherent filtration
D. all of the above C. compensating filters
D. total filtration
80. Which of the following is not affected by kilovoltage?
A. Compton interactions 89. Which of the following controls optical density?
B. Spatial resolution 1. mAs
C. Film density 2. SID
D. Radiation quantity 3. OID

81. Beam restriction has the following effect on contrast A. 1 and 2

A. decreases contrast by focusing the x-ray beam B. 1 and 3
B. decreases contrast because of higher kVp level C. 2 and 3
used D. all of these
C. increases contrast by focusing the x-ray beam
D. increases contrast because of reduction in the 90. If green sensitive film is matched with the blue sensitive
number of Compton’s interactions that occur intensifying screen, what is the effect on the finished
radiograph?
82. Which of the following factors would affect beam 1. film will not respond properly
attenuation? 2. patient may receive more radiation
1. Tissue atomic number 3. film will have more contrast
2. Beam quality 4. film will have less contrast
3. Fog
A. 1, 2 and 4
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 3 D. 3 and 4
D. 1, 2 and 3
91. Which of the following refers to recorded detail?
83. A radiographic film image has excessive density. Which of 1. clarity
the following is best in order to correct the exposure error? 2. resolution
A. Decrease kVp by 50% 3. sharpness
B. Increase mAs by 15%
C. Decrease mAs by 50% A. 1 and 2
D. Decrease mAs by 15% B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
84. What exposure factor affects both quality and the quantity D. all of these
of the x-ray beam?
A. kVp 92. Changing from a slower screen to a faster screen (and
B. SID making no other changes) will have what effect on
C. mA density?
D. Focal spot size A. it will decrease it
B. it will increase it
C. it will remain
D. no change

85. Which of the following would maintain radiation exposure 93. The higher the grid ratio
to the image receptor when the kilovoltage is decreased by 1. higher bucky factor
15%? 2. higher patient dose
A. Increase mAs 15% 3. more scatter radiation
 4. decrease exposure factors D. Collimator

A. 1, 2 and 3 102. If a radiographer used 40 mAs with 12:1 grid ratio, what
B. 2 and 3 mAs should be used with a 6:1 ratio grid to produce the
C. 1 and 3 same exposure to the IR?
D. all of these A. 32 mAs
B. 28 mAs
94. In imaging the chest what technique factor is required? C. 24 mAs
A. low kVp and high mAs D. 80 mAs
B. high kVp and high mAs
C. high kVp and low mAs 103. Most common type of compensating filter.
D. low kVp and high mA A. wedge filter
B. trough filter
95. Which of the following will occur with use of intensifying C. penetrometer
screen? D. sensitometer
A. long scale of contrast
B. short scale of contrast 104. Most sophisticated, useful and accepted type of beam-
C. low contrast restricting device.
D. less contrast A. Cone
B. Aperture diaphragm
96. Which of the following will occur if there is an increase in C. Cylinders
kVp? D. Collimator
1. increase quality of the beam
2. more x-rays that penetrate the anatomical part 105. Which compensating filter is used for AP projection of
3. greater number of image-forming x-rays the thorax?
4. increase contrast A. wedge filter
B. trough filter
A. 1, 2 and 3 C. penetrometer
B. 2, 3 and 4 D. sensitometer
C. 1, 3 and 4
D. all of these 106. It refers to the size of the area on the anode target that is
exposed to electrons from the tube current.
97. A change in kVp affects A. Effective focal spot
1. penetration B. Focusing cup
2. scatter radiation C. Actual Focal spot size
3. patient dose D. Focal spot
4. contrast
107. It refers to focal spot size as measured directly under the
A. 1, 2 and 4 anode target.
B. 2, 3 and 4 A. Effective focal spot size
C. all of these B. Focusing cup
D. 1, 3 and 4 C. Actual Focal spot size
D. Focal spot
98. Contrast refers to
1. make anatomy more visible 108. Which of the following affects the exposure to the IR
2. difference in OD between adjacent anatomical because it alters the amount and penetrating ability of the
structures x-ray beam?
3. variation in OD on a radiograph A. mAs
4. important factor in radiographic quality B. Filtration
C. kVp
A. all of these D. Distance
B. 2, 3 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 3 109. What happen to the exposure if the kVp is increased?
D. 1, 3 and 4 A. decreased
B. increased
99. Collimation will result to C. no change
A. long scale of contrast D. increased four times
B. short scale of contrast
C. low contrast 110. The relationship between the distance and x-ray beam
D. less contrast intensity is best described by
A. inverse square law
100. Sharpness of image detail is measured by B. direct square law
A. differential absorption C. line focus principle
B. spatial resolution D. reciprocity law
C. contrast resolution
D. wire mesh

101. Simplest type of beam-restricting device.

A. Cone
B. Aperture diaphragm
C. Cylinders