1.
펀드회계 (기업회계와 정부회계가 가장 다른 점 중의 하나)
1) Definition
Fund is a sum of money or other resources segregated for the
purpose of carrying on specific activities or attaining certain
objectives in accordance with special regulations, restrictions, or
limitations and constituting an independent fiscal and accounting
entity(독립적인 실체)
Each fund is self balancing and is a separate entity having its
own financial statements
2) Types of funds
(1) Governmental fund(정부형 펀드)
(2) Proprietary fund(영리성, 사업형 펀드)
(3) Fiduciary fund(신탁형 펀드)
(1) Governmental fund
Account for activities that provide public with services financed by
taxes.
Non-exchange transaction : Tax, grant, donation
Exchange transaction : user charge
(2) Proprietary fund
Account for business-type activities that derive their revenue from
user charge
(3) Fiduciary fund(donation 과 같은 기부금으로 운영)
Account for resources held by the government as either trustee
or an agent
Trustee : with administration Involvement(펀드 매니저 같은 경우)
Agent : without administration Involvement
메모 : 총 11 개(5+2+4)
Govermental: GF. SRF, CPF, DSF, PF
Propietary: EF, ISF
Fiduciary: PTF, ITF, PPTF, CF (T->Trustee)
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3) Governmental funds
(1) General Fund
Accounts for ordinary operations of a governmental unit
which are financed from taxes
All transactions not accounted for in some other fund are
accounted for in this fund
Example : police department, fire department
(2) Special Revenue Fund
Special revenue funds are used to account for and report the
proceeds of specific revenue sources that are restricted or
committed to expenditure for specified purposes other than debt
service or capital projects.
Motor-fuel tax used to finance construction of streets
Hotel tax used to promote tourist
(3) Debt Service Fund
Debt service funds are used to account for and report financial
resources that are restricted, committed, or assigned to
expenditure for principal and interest on all general obligation
debt(GOB..Bond).
Tax dedicated to servicing general obligation bonds
(4) Capital Projects Fund
Capital projects funds are used to account for and report financial
resources that are restricted, committed, or assigned to expenditure
for capital outlays, including the acquisition or construction of
capital facilities and other capital assets.
Bond proceeds for construction of new City Hall Building
->정부형 건설만, cf. 지하철 건설은 PF 에서
(5) Permanent fund
Used to report resources that are legally restricted to the extent that
only earnings, a not principal, may be used to support government
programs.
4) Proprietary funds
(1) Enterprise Funds
Account for the operation of governmental facilities and services
that are intended to be primarily from USER CHARGES
Water and sewer utilities, transportation systems, lottery, golf
course
(2) Internal Service Funds(정부 부서끼리)
Account for goods and services provided to other departments
within governmental unit on a (cost reimbursement) fee basis
Motor pool, general printing and duplicating, EDP processing ,
Self insurance
5) Fiduciary funds
(1) Pension(and other employee benefit) Trust Funds
Account for resources held in trust for the members and
beneficiaries of various employee benefit plans
PERS (public employee retirement systems)
(2) Investment Trust Funds(다른 정부를 대신해서 공동투자)
Account for resources that are the external portion of the
government investment pools that are belonging to others.
(3) Private-purpose Trust Funds(trust 인데 Pension, Investment 아니면...)
Used to report all fiduciary activities that are not required to be
reported in PTF or ITF and are held in a trust.
May be nonexpendable or expendable(둘다 가능)
Non-expendable: The principal is intact and cannot be used
(4) Custodial Fund(trust 가 아닌 agency)
Used to report fiduciary activities that are not required to be
reported in PTF, ITF, or PPTF.
Property tax collections for other cities
→ replace an agency fund with a custodial fund (2019)
6) Elements of F/S
Assets + Deferred outflow of resources(D/O)
= Liabilities + Deferred inflow of resources(D/I) + Net position
Deferred outflow of resources : A deferred outflow of resources is
a consumption of net assets by the government that is applicable
to a future reporting period.(선급비용)
