Nutrient

Nutrient Requirements
Requirements
of Beef Cattle
of Cattle
E-974
E-974

Department of Animal Science • Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service

• Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources • Oklahoma State University
 Nutrient
Nutrient Requirements
Requirements
of Beef Cattle
of Cattle

E-974
E-974

David Lalman
Associate Professor
Beef Cattle
Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Americans with Disabilities
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Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Robert E. Whitson, Director of Cooperative Extension Service,
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma State University as authorized by the Vice President, Dean, and Director of the Division of Agricultural
Sciences and Natural Resources and has been prepared and distributed at a cost of 91 cents per copy. 0210 GH Revised.
 1
Objectives

DM Intake, % of Body Weight

3.5
• Discuss the nutrient requirements of beef cattle 3
• Provide tables that list the nutrient requirements of 2.5
beef cattle 300 lbs
2 600 lbs

A balanced and cost effective nutrition program is essential 1.5

to the success of any beef cattle operation. Expensive grasslands 1
demand efficient utilization of forages. Supplemental feeding 0.5
and complete feeding programs must be designed to meet the 0
54 59 64 69 75 83
nutrient needs of beef cattle and, at the same time, make the most
of the available feed resources. Nutrient requirements of cattle TDN, % of Diet Dry Matter
change with age, stage of production, sex, breed, environmental
conditions, and basal diet quality and amount. Therefore, gaining Figure 1. The relationship of diet digestibility to dry
knowledge of nutrient requirements and the factors influencing matter intake in growing calves. Source: NRC.
these requirements is a necessary first step to designing a nutrition
program that is both efficient and cost effective. This section will
discuss the protein, energy, mineral, and vitamin requirements
of beef cattle. In addition, tables of nutrient requirements are 2.75

DM Intake, % of Body Weight

provided.
2.5
Dry Matter Intake
2.25
There really is no requirement for feed intake, although an 2
estimate of how much forage and feed that an animal will consume
is essential when evaluating rations, supplements, or predicting 1.75
animal performance. Dry matter (DM) intake is influenced by a
number of different factors. A few of the more important variables 1.5
include animal weight, condition, stage of production, level of 42 44.5 47 49.5 52 54.5 57 59.5 62 64.5 67
milk production, forage quality, amount and type of supplement TDN, % of Diet Dry Matter
or feed provided, as well as environmental conditions.
Cattle have a daily requirement for a certain quantity of Figure 2. The relationship of forage digestibility to
specific nutrients such as protein, calcium, and vitamin A. The dry matter intake in beef cows. Source: NRC.
necessary concentration of these nutrients in the diet (to meet
the animal’s requirement) is then determined by the amount of
feed consumed. For example, steer calves gaining 2 lbs per day
may require 1.6 lbs of protein per day. If they consume 15 lbs of
DM daily, the protein requirement could be expressed as 10.7% 3
DM Intake, % of Body Weight

of DM intake. On the other hand, if they are limit fed to consume 2.5
only 10 lbs of DM daily, the protein requirement for 2 lbs of gain
could be expressed as 16% of DM intake. 2
Intake in forage-fed cattle is generally limited by the forage 1.5
capacity of the digestive tract. Values presented in Table 11.1
provide rule-of-thumb guidelines for variation in DM intake 1
based on differences in forage quality and stage of production for
0.5
beef cows. Forage digestibility values rarely exceed 70% to 74%
of DM. Calves and yearlings are frequently fed higher quantities 0
of concentrate feeds to improve weight gain and feed conversion Late Early Late
above what can be achieved with forage alone. When diet digest- Gestation Lactation Lactation
ibility approaches around 70%, feed intake is no longer regulated
or limited by the capacity of the digestive tract. Rather, with diets Figure 3. Dry matter intake, expressed as percent of body
high in digestible energy, physiological mechanisms are turned weight, of beef cows consuming low quality forage during
three different stages of production. Source: Johnson et
on to limit intake (Figure 11.1). This response can be thought
al.
of as a built in safety mechanism so that cattle are less likely to
consume too much of a highly digestible diet, causing digestive
upset, bloat, and founder.
Forage intake is highly correlated with forage quality as shown consume 3 to 10% less feed or forage compared to cattle that are
in Figure 11.2 and in Table 11.1. The more rapid rate of digestion in average to thin condition. Cold stress increases dry matter
and passage of higher quality forage results in considerably higher intake, while heat stress reduces dry matter intake. With this
dry matter intake compared to forage that is lower in digestibility. many factors influencing this trait, it is obvious that dry matter
Cattle with greater mature body weight and frame size consume intake is very difficult to accurately predict.
more forage compared to smaller frame cattle and lactating cows Estimates of dry matter intake presented in the nutrient
consume considerably more of the same quality forage compared requirement tables are determined using published prediction
to gestating cows (Figure 11.3). Additionally, cattle that are fleshy equations. These equations take into account the effects of the
2
Table 1. Forage capacity of beef cowsa.
Forage Type and Maturity Stage  Forage Dry Matter Intake
of Production Capacity, % of Body Weight
Low quality forage (< 52% total digestible nutrients) Dry 1.8
Dry winter forage, mature legume and grass hay, straw Lactating 2.2
Average quality forage (52% to 59% total digestible nutrients)
Dry summer pasture, dry pasture during fall, late-bloom Dry 2.2
 legume hay, boot stage and early-bloom grass hay Lactating 2.5
High quality forage (> 59% total digestible nutrients)
Mid-bloom, early-bloom, and prebloom legume hay,  Dry 2.5
preboot stage grass hay Lactating 2.7
Lush, growing pasture Dry 2.5
Lactating 2.7
Silages Dry 2.5
Lactating 2.7
  Intake estimates assume that protein requirements are met by the forage or through supplementation when forage protein is not adequate. When p
a

rotein requirements are not met, forage intake will be lower than the values shown in the table.
Source: Hibbard and Thrift.

animal’s weight, level of milk production for lactating cows, energy intake protein (UIP), and metabolizable protein (MP). Degradable
content of the diet, stage of production, and body condition in intake protein is the feed protein fraction that is degraded in the
the case of the pregnant replacement heifers. It is important to rumen. Nitrogen from DIP is either used for microorganism protein
note that all of these equations assume that adequate protein is synthesis or passes through the rumen wall into the blood stream
supplied in the diet to maximize ruminal fermentation. In other and is carried to the liver as ammonia. In the liver this nitrogen
words, if the diet is deficient in protein, these dry matter intake can be converted to urea after which it is recycled to the rumen
values will overestimate the amount that the cattle will actually through saliva or filtered out of the blood stream in the kidney
consume. to be excreted in the urine. Undegradable intake protein is the
feed protein fraction that bypasses fermentation in the rumen to
Protein be degraded and absorbed in the small intestine. Metabolizable
protein is the sum of protein derived from microorganism origin
plus UIP (Figure 4).
Proteins are large chemical units made up of hundreds of
amino acids. Amino acids, in turn, are organic or carbon containing Feed Rumen
compounds that also contain nitrogen, oxygen, and sometimes
sulfur. Animals consume proteins in their diets and then utilize MP
the amino acids for synthesis of muscles, blood proteins, and other CP
body components. In swine, poultry, and other nonruminants, the
amino acids must be supplied in definite proportions in the diet. UIP Indigestible
DIP Protein
However, in ruminants, microorganisms (bacteria and protozoa)
breakdown most dietary proteins and incorporate the nitrogen Small Intestine
NH3
and amino acids into their own body tissue. The microorganisms
are digested in the small intestine of the ruminant animal. The Microbial Protein
bacteria themselves have a protein requirement and must have
adequate protein to do their job of digesting roughages to end
products that can be utilized by the cow. NH3

Because of the ruminal breakdown of dietary proteins and Figure 4. Illustration of protein digestion and
because the amino acid make-up of microorganisms is adequate absorption in the ruminant. Source: Lalman.
for most classes of beef cattle, feed and forage amino acid com-
position is generally not critical compared to nonruminant diets.
On the other hand, a high priority should be placed on providing Perhaps one of the most practical applications of the MP
adequate ruminally available protein in order to allow the bacteria system is the calculation of the animal’s DIP requirement to
to grow and digest roughages. Chemical crude protein concentra- ensure optimal rumen function. For this reason, feed DIP values
tion is determined by multiplying the feed nitrogen concentration are included in Table 12.1, page 115. The requirement for DIP is
by 6.25 because protein molecules contain an average of 16% thought to be closely associated with the amount of fermentable
nitrogen (1/16 = 6.25). The crude protein system has been the energy in the diet. Specifically, the DIP requirement can be cal-
standard for evaluating beef cattle protein requirements and culated as 10% to 13% of daily total digestible nutrients (TDN)
dietary supply for a long time. intake. Lower values in this range are used when the cattle are
More recently, the metabolizable protein system has been receiving a low quality diet, such as dry winter range forage or
used to better characterize protein degradability as well as its low quality hay, whereas higher values in the range are used when
site and extent of digestion. In order to effectively use this new the cattle are receiving high quality forage or a ration including
system, the user must become familiar with several new terms. at least 50% concentrate. The UIP value of the feed can also be
These include degradable intake protein (DIP), undegradable calculated by subtracting the DIP value from one.
 3
Example of DIP requirement and supply: Assume a more protein is required to maintain the heavier muscle mass
cow is consuming 25 lbs of hay dry matter that contains 50% and to permit faster gains that must be made by young females
TDN. The cow therefore consumes a total of 12.5 lbs of TDN per of larger breeds.
day. Therefore, the DIP requirement is 12.5 lbs x 10%, or 1.25 lbs
of DIP per day. If the hay contains 6% CP (dry matter basis), of
which 65% is DIP, this cow would consume 0.98 lb of DIP each Energy
day (6% x 65% x 25 lbs). The requirement for supplemental DIP The cow requires energy for grazing, traveling, fetal develop-
would be 0.27 lb (1.25 lbs – 0.98 lb). ment, milk production, temperature maintenance, reproduction,
Nutrient requirements, including protein requirements, for digestion, and voiding of body wastes. In addition, first- and second-
beef cows and replacement heifers are shown in Tables 11.2 and calf heifers require additional energy for growth until they mature
11.3. Requirements for growing calves and yearlings are shown at about 4 years of age. If cows are thin, additional energy will be
in Tables 11.4 and 11.5. Requirements for growing and mature required to restore their body condition to a moderate level. The
bulls are shown in Table 11.6. These values were adapted from bulk of energy for grazing cattle comes from rumen digestion of
the National Research Council’s Nutrient Requirements of Beef forages and roughage products. With proper amounts of protein
Cattle publication. One exception is that the NRC calculates the and minerals, the rumen is capable of getting energy from a wide
crude protein requirement for some classes of cattle to be less than range of feeds that are useless to nonruminants.
7%. Research demonstrates that ruminal fermentation may be Because the rumen bacteria themselves require protein, just as
compromised with low protein diets. Therefore, 7% dietary crude the animal’s body does, it is impossible to discuss ruminant energy
protein was the minimum value used in the nutrient requirement requirements separately from ruminant protein requirements. With
tables in this publication. too little protein in the diet, the bacteria will not efficiently digest
The requirements are expressed in both pounds per day of roughages; with too much protein in the diet, the protein will be
crude protein and in terms of the percentage required in the diet deaminated. Deamination is the process of removing the nitrogen
dry matter. These tables illustrate the influence of age, weight, from the protein molecule. When this occurs, protein is used as a
desired rate of weight gain, stage of production, and genetic milk- very expensive energy source.
ing ability on nutrient requirements. Energy requirements are expressed in the table in terms of TDN
Replacement heifers need to gain about 1 to 1.5 lbs/day in and net energy for maintenance (NEm) and/or net energy for gain
order to reach 60% to 65% of their expected mature weight and (NEg). TDN is the sum of the digestible starch, fiber, protein, and fat
puberty by 15 months of age. They also need to gain around 1 lb/ in a feed with a correction factor for the high energy content of fat
day from the time they are bred until they calve in order to reach and the amount of ash or mineral content. TDN requirements are
approximately 80% of their mature weight when they calve for expressed as a percent of the diet dry matter as well as in pounds
the first time. The requirement of protein for muscle and organ per day required. Net energy requirements are expressed in terms
growth is reflected in the large daily requirement for protein. of mega calories per pound of feed and mega calories required per
Growing heifers require a high concentration of protein in the day.
diet because of their low dry matter intake. They must have access A close look at the nutrient requirement tables shows that the
to good quality forage or be fed supplemental protein to achieve same factors that influence protein requirements also influence
adequate growth prior to their first breeding season. energy requirements: animal weight, rate of gain, lactation, and
Gestation has little effect on the cow’s protein requirement fetal development. Lactation represents the greatest need for ad-
until about the seventh month of pregnancy. About 2/3 of the ditional energy beyond that needed for maintenance. An average
fetal growth occurs during the last 1/3 of pregnancy and the milking beef cow requires nearly 50% more TDN or net energy than
protein intake of the cow should be increased during the last 1/3 she does when dry. It should be noted that lactating cows consume
of pregnancy to ensure that the cow will be in good condition at more forage compared to gestating cows due to the increased energy
the time of calving. The cow is programmed to take care of the demand.
fetus at the expense of her own body, and losses of body condition Energy requirements for first-calf heifers are higher than for
frequently occur in late pregnancy when daily protein or energy are mature cows because energy is needed for growth, in addition to
not increased to match the needs of the pregnant cow. Adequate body maintenance and lactation. Inadequate energy during the
dietary protein during this period is also essential for the cow to last third of gestation and during the critical time from calving
produce abundant, high quality colostrum or first milk, which to rebreeding can lead to poor rebreeding.
will influence the newborn’s immune system for the remainder Large cows will require more energy than will small cows.
of its life. For example, a 1,300-lb dry pregnant cow in the middle third of
Lactation is the most nutritionally stressful activity for the pregnancy requires 32% more TDN per day than a 900-lb cow
cow. The modern commercial beef cow produces around 20 lbs of at the same stage of production. Producers who are increasing
milk each day during peak lactation. Milk contains a high concen- the mature size of their cows should recognize the greater energy
tration of protein. Therefore, lactating cows, particularly during requirements of the larger cows and reduce their stocking rates
early lactation, require nearly twice the daily protein of dry cows. to compensate.
Research shows that cows in moderate condition at calving should
at least maintain body weight from calving to rebreeding for good
conception rates. Failure to take into account the increased pro-
Vitamins and Minerals
tein demand brought on by lactation may result in long intervals
before rebreeding. Beef breeds with superior milking ability (25 The National Research Council publishes equations to deter-
to 30 lbs/day), and selection for high milk production within a mine calcium and phosphorus requirements and these estimated
breed have an even higher protein requirement. requirements are shown in Tables 11.2 through 11.6. Less is known
Increasing cow size adds to the daily protein requirement but not about specific dietary requirements for the other important macro
nearly to the extent that lactation does. As mature size increases, and micro minerals. Therefore, the National Research Council
provides general dietary guidelines and maximum tolerable lev-
els for each of these minerals (Table 11.7). Specific functions and
4
sources of vitamins and minerals are discussed in greater detail
in Chapter 14.
Conclusion
Water Nutrient requirements include those for protein, energy,
vitamins, minerals, and water. Nutrient requirements vary dra-
Do not forget that water is a common but an entirely essen- matically among animals and are influenced by age, weight, stage
tial nutrient. Water intake increases dramatically with increased of production, rate of growth, environmental conditions, breed,
age, weight, and temperature (Table 11.8). Clean water is most gender, and other factors. Tabular data provided in this chapter
important for young growing calves, but dirty water can retard should assist beef producers in determining specific nutrient
performance and be a breeding ground for disease in cattle of all requirements for their cattle.
ages.
References
Other Considerations Gadberry, S. (2002) Extension bulletin MP 391, University of Ar-
kansas. [Link]
The requirements shown in the tables are designed for healthy Hibbard, C.A. and T.A. Thrift (1992) Supplementation of Forage-
unstressed cattle in good condition. Thin heifers or cows should be Based Diets: Are Results Predictable? Journal of Animal Science
fed additional energy and protein to achieve good body condition. 70 (Suppl. 1):181. (Abstr.)
Some additional energy should be allowed for cows having to travel Johnson, C.R. et al. (2003) Influence of milk production potential
over large areas for feed or water. Cows subjected to extremely on forage dry matter intake of Multiparous and primiparous
cold temperatures, especially if combined with rain or snow, need Brangus females. J. Anim Sci. 81:1837-1846.
extra energy for maintenance. The protein requirement is not NRC. (2000) Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (7th Edition).
increased during cold stress, however. Kansas State University National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
research, for example, shows that a 1,200-lb cow subjected to
20°F in a 14 mph wind requires about 28% more energy than at
32°F with no wind.
Table 2. Nutrient requirements of beef cows.
Gestating cow, middle 1/3 of pregnancy
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Weight Expected Calf DM Intake TDN NEm CP Ca P TDN NEm CP Ca P
(lbs) Birthweight (lbs) (lbs/day) % of BW (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
900 63 17 1.9 50 0.44 7.1 0.17 0.14 8.3 7.3 1.2 0.028 0.023
1000 69 18 1.8 50 0.44 7.1 0.17 0.14 9.0 7.9 1.3 0.031 0.025
1100 75 19 1.8 50 0.44 7.1 0.17 0.14 9.7 8.5 1.4 0.034 0.028
1200 80 21 1.7 50 0.44 7.1 0.18 0.15 10.3 9.1 1.5 0.037 0.030
1300 86 22 1.7 50 0.44 7.1 0.18 0.15 11.0 9.7 1.6 0.040 0.033
1400 91 23 1.7 50 0.44 7.1 0.19 0.15 11.6 10.2 1.6 0.043 0.035
1500 96 25 1.6 50 0.44 7.1 0.19 0.15 12.2 10.8 1.7 0.046 0.038
Gestating cow, last 1/3 of pregnancy
900 63 19 2.1 54 0.50 7.9 0.25 0.16 10.3 9.6 1.5 0.047 0.030
1000 69 21 2.1 54 0.50 7.9 0.25 0.16 11.2 10.4 1.6 0.052 0.034
1100 75 22 2.0 54 0.50 7.9 0.25 0.16 12.1 11.2 1.8 0.057 0.037
1200 80 24 2.0 54 0.50 7.9 0.26 0.17 12.9 12.0 1.9 0.061 0.040
1300 86 25 2.0 54 0.50 7.9 0.26 0.17 13.7 12.8 2.0 0.066 0.043
1400 91 27 1.9 54 0.50 7.9 0.26 0.17 14.5 13.5 2.1 0.071 0.046
1500 96 28 1.9 54 0.50 7.9 0.27 0.17 15.3 14.2 2.2 0.075 0.049

Lactating cow, first 90 days after calving
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Weight Peak Milk Milk DM Intake TDN NEm CP Ca P TDN NEm CP Ca P
(lbs) lbs/day (kgs) (lbs/day) % of BW (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
10 4.5 22 2.5 56 0.53 8.7 0.24 0.17 12.4 11.7 1.9 0.052 0.037
900 15 6.8 24 2.7 57 0.55 9.6 0.27 0.18 13.7 13.3 2.3 0.065 0.044
20 9.1 26 2.9 59 0.58 10.4 0.30 0.20 15.3 14.9 2.7 0.077 0.051
10 4.5 24 2.4 55 0.52 8.5 0.23 0.17 13.0 12.3 2.0 0.055 0.039
1000 15 6.8 26 2.6 57 0.55 9.4 0.27 0.18 14.5 14.0 2.4 0.068 0.047
20 9.1 27 2.7 59 0.57 10.2 0.29 0.20 16.0 15.6 2.8 0.080 0.054
15 6.8 27 2.5 57 0.54 9.2 0.26 0.18 15.3 14.6 2.5 0.071 0.049
1100 20 9.1 29 2.6 58 0.56 10.0 0.29 0.19 16.8 16.3 2.9 0.083 0.056
25 11.4 31 2.8 59 0.58 10.6 0.31 0.21 18.2 17.9 3.3 0.095 0.064
15 6.8 29 2.4 57 0.54 9.0 0.26 0.18 16.1 15.3 2.6 0.074 0.051
1200 20 9.1 30 2.5 58 0.56 9.8 0.28 0.19 17.6 16.9 3.0 0.086 0.059
25 11.4 32 2.7 59 0.58 10.5 0.31 0.21 19.0 18.6 3.4 0.098 0.066
15 6.8 30 2.3 56 0.53 8.9 0.26 0.18 16.8 16.0 2.7 0.077 0.054
1300 20 9.1 32 2.4 57 0.55 9.6 0.28 0.19 18.1 17.6 3.1 0.089 0.061
25 11.4 34 2.6 59 0.57 10.3 0.30 0.20 19.7 19.2 3.4 0.102 0.069
20 9.1 33 2.4 57 0.55 9.5 0.28 0.19 18.9 18.2 3.1 0.092 0.064
1400 25 11.4 35 2.5 59 0.57 10.1 0.30 0.20 20.5 19.8 3.5 0.105 0.071
30 13.6 37 2.6 59 0.58 10.6 0.32 0.21 21.8 21.5 3.9 0.117 0.078
20 9.1 35 2.3 57 0.55 9.3 0.28 0.19 19.7 18.8 3.2 0.095 0.066
1500 25 11.4 37 2.4 58 0.56 9.9 0.30 0.20 21.2 20.5 3.6 0.108 0.073
5

30 13.6 38 2.6 59 0.58 10.5 0.31 0.21 22.6 22.1 4.0 0.120 0.081
 6
Table 3. Nutrient requirements of pregnant replacement heifers.
Pregnant yearling replacement heifer, middle 1/3 of pregnancy
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Current Current ADGb DM Intake TDN NEm CP Ca P TDN NEm CP Ca P
Weight (lb) BCSa (1-9) (lb) (lb/day) % of BW (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lb) (Mcal) (lb) (lb) (lb)

1000 lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5

1.0 13 2.2 54 0.49 9.1 0.42 0.17 7.2 6.6 1.2 0.057 0.023
600 5 1.5 14 2.3 56 0.53 10.2 0.48 0.20 7.8 7.4 1.4 0.066 0.028
2.0 15 2.4 59 0.58 11.4 0.53 0.23 8.5 8.4 1.6 0.077 0.033
1.0 15 2.2 54 0.50 8.5 0.38 0.16 8.2 7.6 1.3 0.058 0.025
700 6 1.5 16 2.3 57 0.55 9.5 0.43 0.19 9.0 8.7 1.5 0.068 0.030
2.0 17 2.4 60 0.59 10.4 0.47 0.21 9.9 9.8 1.7 0.078 0.034
1.0 16 2.0 56 0.53 8.4 0.37 0.16 9.2 8.7 1.4 0.060 0.027
800 7 1.5 17 2.1 59 0.58 9.1 0.41 0.18 10.1 9.9 1.6 0.069 0.031
2.0 18 2.2 62 0.62 9.8 0.44 0.20 11.0 11.0 1.7 0.077 0.035

1200 lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5        

1.0 16 2.1 53 0.48 8.7 0.40 0.17 8.3 7.6 1.4 0.062 0.026
750 5 1.5 16 2.2 55 0.52 9.8 0.45 0.19 9.0 8.5 1.6 0.073 0.032
2.0 17 2.3 58 0.56 10.7 0.49 0.22 9.8 9.5 1.8 0.083 0.037
1.0 17 2.0 54 0.49 8.2 0.37 0.16 9.3 8.6 1.4 0.064 0.028
850 6 1.5 18 2.1 56 0.53 9.1 0.41 0.18 10.2 9.6 1.6 0.074 0.033
2.0 19 2.2 59 0.57 9.9 0.45 0.20 11.0 10.8 1.9 0.084 0.038
1.0 19 1.9 56 0.52 8.2 0.36 0.16 10.3 9.7 1.5 0.067 0.030
950 7 1.5 19 2.0 58 0.56 8.9 0.39 0.18 11.1 10.8 1.7 0.075 0.035
2.0 20 2.1 61 0.60 9.4 0.42 0.19 12.0 11.9 1.9 0.083 0.038

1400 lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5        

1.0 18 2.0 53 0.48 8.5 0.38 0.17 9.4 8.5 1.5 0.068 0.030
900 5 1.5 18 2.0 55 0.51 9.3 0.42 0.19 10.0 9.4 1.7 0.078 0.035
2.0 19 2.1 57 0.55 10.1 0.46 0.21 10.9 10.5 1.9 0.088 0.040
1.0 20 1.9 53 0.49 8.0 0.36 0.16 10.3 9.4 1.6 0.069 0.032
1000 6 1.5 20 2.0 56 0.52 8.9 0.40 0.18 11.2 10.6 1.8 0.080 0.037
2.0 21 2.1 58 0.56 9.5 0.43 0.20 12.1 11.7 2.0 0.089 0.041
1.0 21 1.9 55 0.52 8.0 0.35 0.17 11.3 10.6 1.6 0.072 0.034
1100 7 1.5 21 1.9 58 0.55 8.7 0.39 0.18 12.2 11.8 1.9 0.082 0.039
2.0 22 2.0 60 0.59 9.3 0.41 0.20 13.2 13.0 2.0 0.091 0.043
a
Body Condition Score
b
Average Daily Gain
Table 3. Nutrient requirements of pregnant replacement heifers.
Pregnant yearling replacement heifer, middle 1/3 of pregnancy
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Current Current
Weight BCSa ADGb DM Intake TDN NEm CP Ca P TDN NEm CP Ca P
(lbs) (1-9) (lbs) (lbs/day) % of BW (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1000-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5
1.0 13 2.2 54 0.49 9.1 0.42 0.17 7.2 6.6 1.2 0.057 0.023
600 5 1.5 14 2.3 56 0.53 10.2 0.48 0.20 7.8 7.4 1.4 0.066 0.028
2.0 15 2.4 59 0.58 11.4 0.53 0.23 8.5 8.4 1.6 0.077 0.033
1.0 15 2.2 54 0.50 8.5 0.38 0.16 8.2 7.6 1.3 0.058 0.025
700 6 1.5 16 2.3 57 0.55 9.5 0.43 0.19 9.0 8.7 1.5 0.068 0.030
2.0 17 2.4 60 0.59 10.4 0.47 0.21 9.9 9.8 1.7 0.078 0.034
1.0 16 2.0 56 0.53 8.4 0.37 0.16 9.2 8.7 1.4 0.060 0.027
800 7 1.5 17 2.1 59 0.58 9.1 0.41 0.18 10.1 9.9 1.6 0.069 0.031
2.0 18 2.2 62 0.62 9.8 0.44 0.20 11.0 11.0 1.7 0.077 0.035
1200-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5        
1.0 16 2.1 53 0.48 8.7 0.40 0.17 8.3 7.6 1.4 0.062 0.026
750 5 1.5 16 2.2 55 0.52 9.8 0.45 0.19 9.0 8.5 1.6 0.073 0.032
2.0 17 2.3 58 0.56 10.7 0.49 0.22 9.8 9.5 1.8 0.083 0.037
1.0 17 2.0 54 0.49 8.2 0.37 0.16 9.3 8.6 1.4 0.064 0.028
850 6 1.5 18 2.1 56 0.53 9.1 0.41 0.18 10.2 9.6 1.6 0.074 0.033
2.0 19 2.2 59 0.57 9.9 0.45 0.20 11.0 10.8 1.9 0.084 0.038
1.0 19 1.9 56 0.52 8.2 0.36 0.16 10.3 9.7 1.5 0.067 0.030
950 7 1.5 19 2.0 58 0.56 8.9 0.39 0.18 11.1 10.8 1.7 0.075 0.035
2.0 20 2.1 61 0.60 9.4 0.42 0.19 12.0 11.9 1.9 0.083 0.038
1400-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5        
1.0 18 2.0 53 0.48 8.5 0.38 0.17 9.4 8.5 1.5 0.068 0.030
900 5 1.5 18 2.0 55 0.51 9.3 0.42 0.19 10.0 9.4 1.7 0.078 0.035
2.0 19 2.1 57 0.55 10.1 0.46 0.21 10.9 10.5 1.9 0.088 0.040
1.0 20 1.9 53 0.49 8.0 0.36 0.16 10.3 9.4 1.6 0.069 0.032
1000 6 1.5 20 2.0 56 0.52 8.9 0.40 0.18 11.2 10.6 1.8 0.080 0.037
2.0 21 2.1 58 0.56 9.5 0.43 0.20 12.1 11.7 2.0 0.089 0.041
1.0 21 1.9 55 0.52 8.0 0.35 0.17 11.3 10.6 1.6 0.072 0.034
1100 7 1.5 21 1.9 58 0.55 8.7 0.39 0.18 12.2 11.8 1.9 0.082 0.039
2.0 22 2.0 60 0.59 9.3 0.41 0.20 13.2 13.0 2.0 0.091 0.043
a Body Condition Score
b Average Daily Gain
7
Table 3. Nutrient requirements of pregnant replacement heifers (continued). 8
Pregnant yearling replacement heifer, last 1/3 of pregnancy
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Current Current
Weight BCS ADG DM Intake TDN NEm CP Ca P TDN NEm CP Ca P
(lbs) (1-9) (lbs) (lbs/day) % of BW (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1000-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5
1.0 16 2.2 57 0.54 8.8 0.28 0.17 8.9 8.5 1.4 0.044 0.027
700 5 1.5 17 2.4 60 0.59 9.9 0.34 0.20 9.9 9.8 1.6 0.055 0.032
2.0 17 2.4 63 0.64 10.9 0.39 0.22 10.7 10.9 1.9 0.066 0.038
1.0 17 2.1 55 0.52 8.8 0.28 0.17 9.4 8.8 1.5 0.047 0.029
800 6 1.5 18 2.3 60 0.59 9.4 0.32 0.19 10.9 10.8 1.7 0.058 0.034
2.0 19 2.4 63 0.64 10.2 0.36 0.21 11.9 12.0 1.9 0.067 0.039
1.0 18 2.0 57 0.54 8.8 0.28 0.18 10.2 9.7 1.6 0.051 0.032
900 7 1.5 19 2.1 62 0.62 9.3 0.31 0.19 11.8 11.8 1.8 0.060 0.036
2.0 20 2.2 65 0.66 9.9 0.34 0.20 12.8 13.1 2.0 0.068 0.040
1200-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5      
1.0 18 2.1 57 0.54 8.5 0.27 0.17 10.3 9.8 1.5 0.049 0.031
850 5 1.5 19 2.2 59 0.57 9.4 0.32 0.19 10.9 10.7 1.8 0.060 0.036
2.0 19 2.3 61 0.61 10.3 0.36 0.21 11.8 11.7 2.0 0.070 0.041
1.0 19 2.0 55 0.52 8.4 0.27 0.17 10.6 10.0 1.6 0.052 0.033
950 6 1.5 20 2.2 59 0.58 9.1 0.31 0.19 12.1 11.8 1.9 0.063 0.039
2.0 21 2.2 62 0.62 9.8 0.34 0.20 13.0 13.0 2.1 0.072 0.043
1.0 20 1.9 57 0.54 8.5 0.27 0.18 11.4 10.9 1.7 0.055 0.036
1050 7 1.5 21 2.0 61 0.60 9.1 0.30 0.19 12.9 12.8 1.9 0.065 0.040
2.0 22 2.1 63 0.64 9.6 0.33 0.20 13.8 14.0 2.1 0.073 0.044
1400-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5      
1.0 21 2.0 56 0.52 8.3 0.26 0.17 11.4 10.8 1.7 0.054 0.035
1020 5 1.5 21 2.1 58 0.55 9.2 0.31 0.19 12.2 11.7 1.9 0.066 0.040
2.0 22 2.1 60 0.59 9.8 0.34 0.21 12.9 12.7 2.1 0.074 0.045
1.0 22 2.0 55 0.52 8.2 0.26 0.17 12.0 11.3 1.8 0.057 0.037
1120 6 1.5 23 2.0 58 0.56 8.9 0.30 0.19 13.2 12.8 2.0 0.069 0.043
2.0 23 2.1 60 0.59 9.4 0.33 0.20 14.1 13.9 2.2 0.077 0.047
1.0 23 1.9 57 0.54 8.3 0.27 0.18 12.8 12.2 1.9 0.060 0.040
1220 7 1.5 24 1.9 60 0.59 8.8 0.30 0.19 14.0 13.8 2.1 0.070 0.044
2.0 24 2.0 62 0.62 9.4 0.33 0.20 15.1 15.1 2.3 0.079 0.049
Table 3. Nutrient requirements of pregnant replacement heifers (continued).
Lactating first-calf heifer, first 90 days after calving
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Current Current
Weight BCS ADG DM Intake TDN NEm CP Ca P TDN NEm CP Ca P
(lbs) (1-9) (lbs) (lbs/day) % of BW (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1000-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5
0.0 19 2.7 59 0.58 10.1 0.27 0.19 11.0 10.8 1.9 0.051 0.035
700 5 0.5 20 2.9 64 0.65 12.0 0.36 0.23 12.9 13.1 2.4 0.072 0.046
1.0 22 3.1 68 0.70 13.5 0.42 0.26 14.7 15.4 2.9 0.091 0.057
0.0 20 2.6 60 0.59 9.7 0.26 0.18 12.2 12.0 2.0 0.054 0.037
800 6 0.5 22 2.8 64 0.65 11.3 0.34 0.22 14.1 14.3 2.5 0.074 0.048
1.0 24 3.0 68 0.70 12.7 0.39 0.25 16.0 16.7 3.0 0.093 0.058
0.0 21 2.4 60 0.59 9.8 0.27 0.19 12.7 12.5 2.1 0.057 0.040
900 7 0.5 23 2.6 66 0.67 11.2 0.33 0.22 15.1 15.6 2.6 0.077 0.050
1.0 25 2.7 70 0.73 12.4 0.38 0.24 17.1 18.0 3.1 0.094 0.060
1200-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5        
0.0 21 2.5 59 0.57 9.7 0.27 0.19 12.3 12.0 2.0 0.057 0.039
850 5 0.5 23 2.7 62 0.62 11.3 0.34 0.22 14.1 14.1 2.6 0.076 0.049
1.0 24 2.9 66 0.68 12.8 0.40 0.25 16.1 16.6 3.1 0.097 0.061
0.0 23 2.4 59 0.57 9.3 0.26 0.18 13.3 12.9 2.1 0.059 0.041
950 6 0.5 25 2.6 63 0.63 10.9 0.32 0.21 15.3 15.4 2.7 0.079 0.052
1.0 26 2.7 66 0.68 12.1 0.37 0.24 17.2 17.8 3.2 0.098 0.062
0.0 24 2.2 61 0.60 9.4 0.26 0.18 14.3 14.2 2.2 0.062 0.043
1050 7 0.5 25 2.4 65 0.66 10.8 0.32 0.21 16.3 16.7 2.7 0.082 0.054
1.0 27 2.6 68 0.71 11.9 0.37 0.24 18.3 19.1 3.2 0.099 0.064
1400-lb Mature Weight @ BCS=5        
0.0 24 2.3 58 0.55 9.3 0.26 0.18 13.5 13.1 2.2 0.061 0.043
1020 5 0.5 25 2.5 61 0.61 10.8 0.32 0.21 15.4 15.4 2.7 0.082 0.054
1.0 27 2.6 65 0.66 12.1 0.38 0.24 17.4 17.8 3.3 0.102 0.065
0.0 25 2.3 58 0.56 9.0 0.25 0.18 14.6 14.2 2.3 0.064 0.045
1120 6 0.5 27 2.4 62 0.62 10.4 0.31 0.21 16.6 16.6 2.8 0.084 0.056
1.0 29 2.6 65 0.66 11.6 0.36 0.23 18.6 19.1 3.3 0.103 0.066
0.0 27 2.2 62 0.62 9.8 0.28 0.20 16.7 16.7 2.7 0.077 0.053
1220 7 0.5 29 2.4 65 0.67 11.1 0.34 0.22 18.8 19.3 3.2 0.097 0.064
1.0 30 2.5 68 0.72 12.1 0.38 0.24 20.8 21.8 3.7 0.115 0.074
9
Table 4. Nutrient requirements of growing steer and heifer calves.
10
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1100 lbs @ Finishing
  0.5 7.9 54 0.50 0.24 9.2 0.30 0.16 4.3 3.1 0.42 0.73 0.02 0.01
1.0 8.4 59 0.57 0.31 11.4 0.46 0.23 5.0 3.1 0.90 0.95 0.04 0.02
300 1.5 8.6 64 0.64 0.37 13.6 0.62 0.29 5.5 3.1 1.40 1.17 0.05 0.03
2.0 8.6 69 0.72 0.44 16.2 0.79 0.36 5.9 3.1 1.92 1.39 0.07 0.03
2.5 8.5 75 0.81 0.52 18.9 0.96 0.40 6.4 3.1 2.46 1.61 0.08 0.03
3.0 8.2 83 0.92 0.62 22.2 1.17 0.51 6.8 3.1 3.00 1.83 0.10 0.04
0.5 9.8 54 0.50 0.24 8.7 0.27 0.15 5.3 3.8 0.52 0.85 0.03 0.02
1.0 10.4 59 0.57 0.31 10.4 0.39 0.20 6.1 3.8 1.12 1.08 0.04 0.02
400 1.5 10.7 64 0.64 0.37 12.1 0.50 0.24 6.8 3.8 1.74 1.30 0.05 0.03
2.0 10.7 69 0.72 0.44 14.1 0.62 0.29 7.4 3.8 2.39 1.51 0.07 0.03
2.5 10.6 75 0.81 0.52 16.3 0.75 0.34 8.0 3.8 3.50 1.72 0.08 0.04
3.0 10.2 83 0.92 0.62 19.0 0.90 0.41 8.5 3.8 3.72 1.94 0.09 0.04
0.5 11.6 54 0.50 0.24 8.4 0.25 0.15 6.3 4.5 0.62 0.97 0.03 0.02
1.0 12.2 59 0.57 0.31 9.8 0.34 0.18 7.2 4.5 1.32 1.19 0.04 0.02
500 1.5 12.6 64 0.64 0.37 11.2 0.42 0.22 8.1 4.5 2.06 1.41 0.05 0.03
2.0 12.7 69 0.72 0.44 12.8 0.52 0.25 8.8 4.5 2.82 1.63 0.07 0.03
2.5 12.5 75 0.81 0.52 14.7 0.62 0.30 9.4 4.5 3.60 1.84 0.08 0.04
3.0 12.1 83 0.92 0.62 16.9 0.74 0.35 10.0 4.5 4.40 2.05 0.09 0.04
0.5 13.2 54 0.50 0.24 8.2 0.23 0.14 7.1 5.2 0.71 1.08 0.03 0.02
1.0 14.0 59 0.57 0.31 9.4 0.30 0.17 8.3 5.2 1.51 1.31 0.04 0.02
600 1.5 14.4 64 0.64 0.37 10.6 0.38 0.20 9.2 5.2 2.36 1.53 0.05 0.03
2.0 14.6 69 0.72 0.44 11.9 0.44 0.22 10.1 5.2 3.23 1.74 0.07 0.03
2.5 14.4 75 0.81 0.52 13.6 0.52 0.26 10.8 5.2 4.13 1.95 0.08 0.04
3.0 13.8 83 0.92 0.62 15.7 0.62 0.30 11.5 5.2 5.04 2.17 0.09 0.04
0.5 14.9 54 0.50 0.24 8.0 0.22 0.14 8.0 5.8 0.79 1.19 0.03 0.02
1.0 15.8 59 0.57 0.31 9.0 0.28 0.16 9.3 5.8 1.70 1.42 0.04 0.03
700 1.5 16.2 64 0.64 0.37 10.1 0.33 0.19 10.4 5.8 2.65 1.64 0.05 0.03
2.0 16.3 69 0.72 0.44 11.4 0.39 0.21 11.2 5.8 3.63 1.85 0.06 0.03
2.5 16.1 75 0.81 0.52 12.8 0.46 0.24 12.1 5.8 4.64 2.06 0.07 0.04
3.0 15.5 83 0.92 0.62 14.6 0.54 0.27 12.9 5.8 5.66 2.27 0.08 0.04
Table 4. Nutrient requirements of growing steer and heifer calves (continued).
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1200 lbs @ Finishing
  0.5 7.8 54 0.49 0.24 9.4 0.31 0.17 4.2 3.1 0.39 0.73 0.03 0.01
1.0 8.3 58 0.56 0.30 11.5 0.48 0.23 4.8 3.1 0.84 0.95 0.04 0.02
300 1.5 8.6 63 0.63 0.36 13.7 0.63 0.29 5.4 3.1 1.31 1.17 0.05 0.03
2.0 8.6 68 0.70 0.42 16.2 0.80 0.36 5.8 3.1 1.80 1.40 0.07 0.03
2.5 8.6 73 0.78 0.50 18.7 0.96 0.43 6.3 3.1 2.30 1.61 0.08 0.04
3.0 8.3 80 0.88 0.58 22.0 1.18 0.52 6.6 3.1 2.81 1.83 0.10 0.04
0.5 9.7 54 0.49 0.24 8.8 0.28 0.16 5.2 3.8 0.49 0.85 0.03 0.02
1.0 10.3 58 0.56 0.30 10.4 0.39 0.20 6.0 3.8 1.04 1.07 0.04 0.02
400 1.5 10.6 63 0.63 0.36 12.2 0.51 0.25 6.7 3.8 1.63 1.30 0.05 0.03
2.0 10.7 68 0.70 0.42 14.1 0.63 0.30 7.3 3.8 2.23 1.51 0.07 0.03
2.5 10.7 73 0.78 0.50 16.1 0.76 0.35 7.8 3.8 2.85 1.72 0.08 0.04
3.0 10.4 80 0.88 0.58 18.7 0.90 0.41 8.3 3.8 3.49 1.94 0.09 0.04
0.5 11.5 54 0.49 0.24 8.4 0.25 0.15 6.2 4.5 0.58 0.97 0.03 0.02
1.0 12.2 58 0.56 0.30 9.8 0.34 0.18 7.1 4.5 1.23 1.19 0.04 0.02
500 1.5 12.6 63 0.63 0.36 11.2 0.43 0.22 7.9 4.5 1.93 1.41 0.06 0.03
2.0 12.6 68 0.70 0.42 12.9 0.53 0.26 8.6 4.5 2.64 1.63 0.07 0.03
2.5 12.6 73 0.78 0.50 14.6 0.63 0.30 9.2 4.5 3.37 1.84 0.08 0.04
3.0 12.2 80 0.88 0.58 16.8 0.75 0.35 9.8 4.5 4.12 2.05 0.09 0.04
0.5 13.2 54 0.49 0.24 8.2 0.24 0.15 7.1 5.2 0.66 1.08 0.03 0.02
1.0 14.0 58 0.56 0.30 9.3 0.31 0.17 8.1 5.2 1.42 1.31 0.04 0.02
600 1.5 14.4 63 0.63 0.36 10.6 0.38 0.20 9.1 5.2 2.21 1.52 0.06 0.03
2.0 14.4 68 0.70 0.42 12.1 0.46 0.23 9.8 5.2 3.03 1.74 0.07 0.03
2.5 14.4 73 0.78 0.50 13.5 0.54 0.26 10.5 5.2 3.87 1.95 0.08 0.04
3.0 14.0 80 0.88 0.58 15.4 0.64 0.31 11.2 5.2 4.73 2.16 0.09 0.04
0.5 14.8 54 0.49 0.24 8.0 0.23 0.14 8.0 5.8 0.74 1.18 0.03 0.02
1.0 15.7 58 0.56 0.30 9.0 0.29 0.17 9.1 5.8 1.59 1.42 0.05 0.03
700 1.5 16.2 63 0.63 0.36 10.1 0.34 0.19 10.2 5.8 2.48 1.64 0.06 0.03
2.0 16.3 68 0.70 0.42 11.3 0.41 0.21 11.1 5.8 3.40 1.85 0.07 0.04
2.5 16.2 73 0.78 0.50 12.7 0.47 0.24 11.8 5.8 4.34 2.05 0.08 0.04
3.0 15.8 80 0.88 0.58 14.4 0.55 0.27 12.6 5.8 5.30 2.27 0.09 0.04
11
 12

Table 5. Nutrient requirements of growing yearlings.

Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1000 lbs @ Finishing
0.6 15.2 50 0.45 0.20 7.1 0.21 0.13 7.6 4.8 0.9 1.1 0.03 0.02
1.8 16.1 60 0.61 0.35 9.8 0.36 0.19 9.7 4.8 2.9 1.6 0.06 0.03
550 2.7 15.7 70 0.76 0.48 12.4 0.49 0.24 11.0 4.8 4.5 2.0 0.08 0.04
3.3 14.8 80 0.90 0.61 14.9 0.61 0.29 11.8 4.8 5.7 2.2 0.09 0.04
3.8 13.7 90 1.04 0.72 17.3 0.73 0.34 12.3 4.8 6.5 2.4 0.10 0.05
0.6 16.2 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.21 0.13 8.1 5.2 1.0 1.1 0.03 0.02
1.8 17.2 60 0.61 0.35 9.5 0.34 0.18 10.3 5.2 3.0 1.6 0.06 0.03
600 2.7 16.8 70 0.76 0.48 11.9 0.45 0.23 11.8 5.2 4.8 2.0 0.08 0.04
3.3 15.8 80 0.90 0.61 14.3 0.56 0.27 12.6 5.2 6.1 2.3 0.09 0.04
3.8 14.6 90 1.04 0.72 16.5 0.66 0.32 13.1 5.2 6.9 2.4 0.10 0.05
0.6 17.3 50 0.45 0.20 6.9 0.20 0.12 8.7 5.5 1.1 1.2 0.04 0.02
1.8 18.2 60 0.61 0.35 9.2 0.32 0.17 10.9 5.5 3.2 1.7 0.06 0.03
650 2.7 17.8 70 0.76 0.48 11.5 0.42 0.21 12.5 5.5 5.1 2.1 0.08 0.04
3.3 16.8 80 0.90 0.61 13.7 0.52 0.26 13.4 5.5 6.5 2.3 0.09 0.04
3.8 15.5 90 1.04 0.72 15.9 0.61 0.30 14.0 5.5 7.4 2.5 0.10 0.05
0.6 18.2 50 0.45 0.20 6.8 0.19 0.12 9.1 5.8 1.1 1.2 0.04 0.02
1.8 19.3 60 0.61 0.35 8.8 0.30 0.16 11.6 5.8 3.4 1.7 0.06 0.03
700 2.7 18.8 70 0.76 0.48 10.9 0.39 0.20 13.2 5.8 5.4 2.1 0.07 0.04
3.3 17.8 80 0.90 0.61 13.0 0.48 0.24 14.2 5.8 6.8 2.3 0.09 0.04
3.8 16.4 90 1.04 0.72 15.0 0.56 0.28 14.8 5.8 7.8 2.5 0.09 0.05
0.6 19.2 50 0.45 0.20 6.7 0.19 0.12 9.6 6.1 1.2 1.3 0.04 0.02
1.8 20.3 60 0.61 0.35 8.5 0.28 0.16 12.2 6.1 3.6 1.7 0.06 0.03
750 2.7 19.8 70 0.76 0.48 10.3 0.37 0.19 13.9 6.1 5.7 2.0 0.07 0.04
3.3 18.7 80 0.90 0.61 12.2 0.45 0.23 15.0 6.1 7.2 2.3 0.08 0.04
3.8 17.3 90 1.04 0.72 14.0 0.52 0.26 15.6 6.1 8.2 2.4 0.09 0.05
0.6 20.2 50 0.45 0.20 6.5 0.19 0.12 10.1 6.4 1.2 1.3 0.04 0.02
1.8 21.3 60 0.61 0.35 8.1 0.27 0.15 12.8 6.4 3.8 1.7 0.06 0.03
800 2.7 20.8 70 0.76 0.48 9.8 0.34 0.18 14.6 6.4 5.9 2.0 0.07 0.04
3.3 19.6 80 0.90 0.61 11.5 0.42 0.22 15.7 6.4 7.6 2.3 0.08 0.04
3.8 18.1 90 1.04 0.72 13.2 0.48 0.25 16.3 6.4 8.6 2.4 0.09 0.05
Table 5. Nutrient requirements of growing yearlings (continued).
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1100 lbs @ Finishing
0.7 16.3 50 0.45 0.20 7.2 0.22 0.13 8.2 5.2 1.0 1.2 0.04 0.02
1.9 17.3 60 0.61 0.35 10.0 0.36 0.19 10.4 5.2 3.0 1.7 0.06 0.03
605 2.9 16.9 70 0.76 0.48 12.7 0.49 0.24 11.8 5.2 4.8 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.6 15.9 80 0.90 0.61 15.3 0.61 0.29 12.7 5.2 6.1 2.4 0.10 0.05
4.0 14.7 90 1.04 0.72 17.8 0.72 0.34 13.2 5.2 7.0 2.6 0.11 0.05
0.7 17.5 50 0.45 0.20 7.1 0.21 0.13 8.8 5.5 1.1 1.2 0.04 0.02
1.9 18.4 60 0.61 0.35 9.7 0.34 0.18 11.0 5.5 3.2 1.8 0.06 0.03
660 2.9 18.0 70 0.76 0.48 12.3 0.45 0.23 12.6 5.5 5.1 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.6 17.0 80 0.90 0.61 14.7 0.56 0.27 13.6 5.5 6.5 2.5 0.10 0.05
4.0 15.7 90 1.04 0.72 17.1 0.66 0.32 14.1 5.5 7.4 2.7 0.10 0.05
0.7 18.5 50 0.45 0.20 6.9 0.20 0.13 9.3 5.9 1.1 1.3 0.04 0.02
1.9 19.6 60 0.61 0.35 9.2 0.32 0.17 11.8 5.9 3.5 1.8 0.06 0.03
715 2.9 19.1 70 0.76 0.48 11.5 0.42 0.21 13.4 5.9 5.5 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.6 18.1 80 0.90 0.61 13.7 0.52 0.26 14.5 5.9 6.9 2.5 0.09 0.05
4.0 16.7 90 1.04 0.72 15.9 0.61 0.30 15.0 5.9 7.9 2.7 0.10 0.05
0.7 19.6 50 0.45 0.20 6.8 0.20 0.12 9.8 6.2 1.2 1.3 0.04 0.02
1.9 20.7 60 0.61 0.35 8.8 0.30 0.16 12.4 6.2 3.6 1.8 0.06 0.03
770 2.9 20.2 70 0.76 0.48 10.9 0.39 0.20 14.1 6.2 5.8 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.6 19.1 80 0.90 0.61 12.9 0.48 0.24 15.3 6.2 7.3 2.5 0.09 0.05
4.0 17.6 90 1.04 0.72 14.8 0.56 0.28 15.8 6.2 8.3 2.6 0.10 0.05
0.7 20.6 50 0.45 0.20 6.6 0.19 0.12 10.3 6.6 1.3 1.4 0.04 0.03
1.9 21.8 60 0.61 0.35 8.4 0.28 0.16 13.1 6.6 3.8 1.8 0.06 0.04
825 2.9 21.3 70 0.76 0.48 10.3 0.37 0.19 14.9 6.6 6.1 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.6 20.1 80 0.90 0.61 12.1 0.44 0.23 16.1 6.6 7.7 2.4 0.09 0.05
4.0 18.6 90 1.04 0.72 13.9 0.52 0.26 16.7 6.6 8.8 2.6 0.10 0.05
0.7 21.7 50 0.45 0.20 6.5 0.19 0.12 10.9 6.9 1.3 1.4 0.04 0.03
1.9 22.9 60 0.61 0.35 8.1 0.27 0.15 13.7 6.9 4.0 1.9 0.06 0.03
880 2.9 22.4 70 0.76 0.48 9.8 0.34 0.18 15.7 6.9 6.4 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.6 21.1 80 0.90 0.61 11.4 0.42 0.22 16.9 6.9 8.1 2.4 0.09 0.05
4.0 19.5 90 1.04 0.72 13.1 0.48 0.25 17.6 6.9 9.2 2.6 0.09 0.05
13
 14
Table 5. Nutrient requirements of growing yearlings (continued).
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1200 lbs @ Finishing
0.7 17.5 50 0.45 0.20 7.3 0.22 0.13 8.8 5.5 1.1 1.3 0.04 0.02
2.0 18.4 60 0.61 0.35 10.2 0.36 0.19 11.0 5.5 3.3 1.9 0.07 0.04
660 3.0 18.0 70 0.76 0.48 13.0 0.49 0.24 12.6 5.5 5.2 2.3 0.09 0.04
3.8 17.0 80 0.90 0.61 15.8 0.61 0.29 13.6 5.5 6.5 2.7 0.10 0.05
4.2 15.7 90 1.04 0.72 18.4 0.72 0.34 14.1 5.5 7.4 2.9 0.11 0.05
0.7 18.6 50 0.45 0.20 7.1 0.21 0.13 9.3 5.9 1.1 1.3 0.04 0.02
2.0 19.7 60 0.61 0.35 9.7 0.34 0.18 11.8 5.9 3.5 1.9 0.07 0.04
720 3.0 19.2 70 0.76 0.48 12.2 0.45 0.23 13.4 5.9 5.5 2.3 0.09 0.04
3.8 18.2 80 0.90 0.61 14.6 0.56 0.27 14.6 5.9 7.0 2.7 0.10 0.05
4.2 16.8 90 1.04 0.72 17.0 0.66 0.32 15.1 5.9 7.9 2.9 0.11 0.05
0.7 19.8 50 0.45 0.20 6.9 0.20 0.13 9.9 6.3 1.2 1.4 0.04 0.03
2.0 20.9 60 0.61 0.35 9.2 0.32 0.17 12.5 6.3 3.7 1.9 0.07 0.04
780 3.0 20.4 70 0.76 0.48 11.4 0.42 0.21 14.3 6.3 5.8 2.3 0.09 0.04
3.8 19.3 80 0.90 0.61 13.6 0.52 0.26 15.4 6.3 7.4 2.6 0.10 0.05
4.2 17.8 90 1.04 0.72 15.8 0.61 0.30 16.0 6.3 8.4 2.8 0.11 0.05
0.7 20.9 50 0.45 0.20 6.8 0.20 0.13 10.5 6.6 1.3 1.4 0.04 0.03
2.0 22.1 60 0.61 0.35 8.8 0.30 0.16 13.3 6.6 3.9 1.9 0.07 0.04
840 3.0 21.6 70 0.76 0.48 10.8 0.39 0.20 15.1 6.6 6.2 2.3 0.09 0.04
3.8 20.4 80 0.90 0.61 12.8 0.48 0.24 16.3 6.6 7.8 2.6 0.10 0.05
4.2 18.8 90 1.04 0.72 14.7 0.56 0.28 16.9 6.6 8.9 2.8 0.12 0.05
0.7 22.0 50 0.45 0.20 6.6 0.19 0.12 11.0 7.0 1.3 1.5 0.04 0.03
2.0 23.3 60 0.61 0.35 8.4 0.28 0.16 14.0 7.0 4.1 2.0 0.06 0.04
900 3.0 22.7 70 0.76 0.48 10.2 0.37 0.19 15.9 7.0 6.5 2.3 0.08 0.04
3.8 21.5 80 0.90 0.61 12.0 0.44 0.23 17.2 7.0 8.3 2.6 0.10 0.05
4.2 19.8 90 1.04 0.72 13.8 0.52 0.26 17.8 7.0 9.4 2.7 0.10 0.05
0.7 23.1 50 0.45 0.20 6.5 0.19 0.12 11.6 7.3 1.4 1.5 0.04 0.03
2.0 24.4 60 0.61 0.35 8.1 0.27 0.15 14.6 7.3 4.3 2.0 0.07 0.04
960 3.0 23.9 70 0.76 0.48 9.7 0.34 0.19 16.7 7.3 6.8 2.3 0.08 0.05
3.8 22.5 80 0.90 0.61 11.3 0.41 0.22 18.0 7.3 8.7 2.5 0.09 0.05
4.2 20.8 90 1.04 0.72 13.0 0.48 0.25 18.7 7.3 9.9 2.7 0.10 0.05
Table 5. Nutrient requirements of growing yearlings (continued).
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1300 lbs @ Finishing
0.8 18.5 50 0.45 0.20 7.3 0.22 0.13 9.3 5.9 1.1 1.4 0.04 0.02
2.1 19.6 60 0.61 0.35 10.2 0.36 0.19 11.8 5.9 3.5 2.0 0.07 0.04
715 3.2 19.1 70 0.76 0.48 13.0 0.49 0.24 13.4 5.9 5.5 2.5 0.09 0.05
4.0 18.1 80 0.90 0.61 15.7 0.61 0.29 14.5 5.9 6.9 2.8 0.11 0.05
4.5 16.7 90 1.04 0.72 18.3 0.72 0.34 15.0 5.9 7.9 3.1 0.12 0.06
0.8 19.8 50 0.45 0.20 7.1 0.21 0.13 9.9 6.3 1.2 1.4 0.04 0.03
2.1 20.9 60 0.61 0.35 9.6 0.34 0.18 12.5 6.3 3.7 2.0 0.07 0.04
780 3.2 20.4 70 0.76 0.48 12.1 0.45 0.23 14.3 6.3 5.8 2.5 0.09 0.05
4.0 19.3 80 0.90 0.61 14.5 0.56 0.27 15.4 6.3 7.4 2.8 0.11 0.05
4.5 17.8 90 1.04 0.72 16.9 0.66 0.32 16.0 6.3 8.4 3.0 0.12 0.06
0.8 21.0 50 0.45 0.20 6.9 0.21 0.13 10.5 6.7 1.3 1.5 0.04 0.03
2.1 22.2 60 0.61 0.35 9.1 0.32 0.17 13.3 6.7 3.9 2.0 0.07 0.04
845 3.2 21.7 70 0.76 0.48 11.4 0.42 0.22 15.2 6.7 6.2 2.5 0.09 0.05
4.0 20.5 80 0.90 0.61 13.6 0.51 0.26 16.4 6.7 7.9 2.8 0.11 0.05
4.5 18.9 90 1.04 0.72 15.7 0.60 0.30 17.0 6.7 8.9 3.0 0.11 0.06
0.8 22.2 50 0.45 0.20 6.7 0.20 0.13 11.1 7.1 1.4 1.5 0.04 0.03
2.1 23.5 60 0.61 0.35 8.7 0.30 0.17 14.1 7.1 4.1 2.0 0.07 0.04
910 3.2 22.9 70 0.76 0.48 10.7 0.39 0.20 16.0 7.1 6.6 2.5 0.09 0.05
4.0 21.6 80 0.90 0.61 12.7 0.48 0.24 17.3 7.1 8.3 2.7 0.10 0.05
4.5 20.0 90 1.04 0.72 14.6 0.56 0.28 18.0 7.1 9.4 3.0 0.11 0.06
0.8 23.4 50 0.45 0.20 6.6 0.20 0.13 11.7 7.4 1.4 1.5 0.05 0.03
2.1 24.7 60 0.61 0.35 8.3 0.28 0.16 14.8 7.4 4.4 2.1 0.07 0.04
975 3.2 24.1 70 0.76 0.48 10.2 0.37 0.19 16.9 7.4 6.9 2.5 0.09 0.05
4.0 22.8 80 0.90 0.61 11.9 0.44 0.23 18.2 7.4 8.8 2.7 0.10 0.05
4.5 21.0 90 1.04 0.72 13.7 0.52 0.26 18.9 7.4 9.9 2.9 0.11 0.06
0.8 24.5 50 0.45 0.20 6.5 0.19 0.13 12.3 7.8 1.5 1.6 0.05 0.03
2.1 25.9 60 0.61 0.35 8.0 0.27 0.15 15.5 7.8 4.6 2.1 0.07 0.04
1040 3.2 25.3 70 0.76 0.48 9.6 0.34 0.19 17.7 7.8 7.2 2.4 0.09 0.05
4.0 23.9 80 0.90 0.61 11.3 0.41 0.22 19.1 7.8 9.2 2.7 0.10 0.05
4.5 22.1 90 1.04 0.72 12.9 0.48 0.25 19.9 7.8 10.4 2.9 0.11 0.06
15
 16
Table 5. Nutrient requirements of growing yearlings (continued).
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1400 lbs @ Finishing
0.8 19.6 50 0.45 0.20 7.3 0.22 0.13 9.8 6.2 1.2 1.4 0.04 0.03
2.2 20.7 60 0.61 0.35 10.1 0.36 0.19 12.4 6.2 3.7 2.1 0.08 0.04
770 3.4 20.2 70 0.76 0.48 12.9 0.49 0.24 14.1 6.2 5.8 2.6 0.10 0.05
4.2 19.1 80 0.90 0.61 15.6 0.61 0.29 15.3 6.2 7.3 3.0 0.12 0.06
4.7 17.6 90 1.04 0.72 18.1 0.72 0.34 15.8 6.2 8.3 3.2 0.13 0.06
0.8 20.9 50 0.45 0.20 7.1 0.21 0.13 10.5 6.6 1.3 1.5 0.04 0.03
2.2 22.1 60 0.61 0.35 9.6 0.34 0.18 13.3 6.6 3.9 2.1 0.08 0.04
840 3.4 21.6 70 0.76 0.48 12.1 0.45 0.23 15.1 6.6 6.2 2.6 0.10 0.05
4.2 20.4 80 0.90 0.61 14.5 0.56 0.27 16.3 6.6 7.8 3.0 0.11 0.06
4.7 18.8 90 1.04 0.72 16.8 0.65 0.32 16.9 6.6 8.9 3.2 0.12 0.06
0.8 22.2 50 0.45 0.20 6.9 0.21 0.13 11.1 7.1 1.4 1.5 0.05 0.03
2.2 23.5 60 0.61 0.35 9.1 0.32 0.17 14.1 7.1 4.1 2.1 0.08 0.04
910 3.4 22.9 70 0.76 0.48 11.3 0.42 0.22 16.0 7.1 6.6 2.6 0.10 0.05
4.2 21.6 80 0.90 0.61 13.5 0.51 0.26 17.3 7.1 8.3 2.9 0.11 0.06
4.7 20.0 90 1.04 0.72 15.6 0.60 0.3 18.0 7.1 9.5 3.1 0.12 0.06
0.8 23.5 50 0.45 0.20 6.7 0.20 0.13 11.8 7.5 1.4 1.6 0.05 0.03
2.2 24.8 60 0.61 0.35 8.7 0.30 0.17 14.9 7.5 4.4 2.2 0.07 0.04
980 3.4 24.2 70 0.76 0.48 10.7 0.39 0.20 16.9 7.5 6.9 2.6 0.09 0.05
4.2 22.9 80 0.90 0.61 12.6 0.47 0.24 18.3 7.5 8.8 2.9 0.11 0.06
4.7 21.1 90 1.04 0.72 14.5 0.56 0.28 19.0 7.5 10.0 3.1 0.12 0.06
0.8 24.7 50 0.45 0.20 6.6 0.20 0.13 12.4 7.9 1.5 1.6 0.05 0.03
2.2 26.1 60 0.61 0.35 8.3 0.28 0.16 15.7 7.9 4.6 2.2 0.07 0.04
1050 3.4 25.5 70 0.76 0.48 10.1 0.37 0.20 17.9 7.9 7.3 2.6 0.09 0.05
4.2 24.1 80 0.90 0.61 11.9 0.44 0.23 19.3 7.9 9.3 2.9 0.11 0.06
4.7 22.2 90 1.04 0.72 13.6 0.51 0.26 20.0 7.9 10.5 3.0 0.11 0.06
0.8 25.9 50 0.45 0.20 6.5 0.19 0.13 13.0 8.2 1.6 1.7 0.05 0.03
2.2 27.4 60 0.61 0.35 8.0 0.27 0.16 16.4 8.2 4.8 2.2 0.07 0.04
1120 3.4 26.8 70 0.76 0.48 9.6 0.34 0.19 18.8 8.2 7.7 2.6 0.09 0.05
4.2 25.3 80 0.90 0.61 11.2 0.41 0.22 20.2 8.2 9.7 2.8 0.10 0.06
4.7 23.3 90 1.04 0.72 12.8 0.48 0.25 21.0 8.2 11.1 3.0 0.11 0.06
Table 6. Nutrient requirements of growing and mature bulls.
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
1700-lb Mature Weight
  0.4 22 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.11 11.0 8.0 0.9 1.5 0.04 0.03
900 1.6 23 60 0.61 0.35 7.3 0.23 0.14 14.0 8.0 3.5 1.7 0.05 0.03
2.5 23 70 0.76 0.48 8.8 0.30 0.16 15.9 8.0 5.8 2.0 0.07 0.04
  3.1 22 80 0.90 0.61 10.2 0.36 0.19 17.2 8.0 7.6 2.2 0.08 0.04
  0.4 24 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.11 11.9 8.7 1.0 1.7 0.04 0.03
1000 1.6 25 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.22 0.13 15.1 8.7 3.8 1.8 0.06 0.03
2.5 25 70 0.76 0.48 8.1 0.27 0.15 17.2 8.7 6.3 2.0 0.07 0.04
  3.1 23 80 0.90 0.61 9.3 0.32 0.18 18.6 8.7 8.2 2.2 0.07 0.04
  0.4 26 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.11 12.8 9.4 1.0 1.8 0.04 0.03
1100 1.6 27 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.20 0.13 16.2 9.4 4.1 1.9 0.06 0.03
2.5 26 70 0.76 0.48 7.5 0.25 0.14 18.5 9.4 6.8 2.0 0.07 0.04
  3.1 25 80 0.90 0.61 8.6 0.29 0.16 19.9 9.4 8.8 2.1 0.07 0.04
  0.4 27 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.11 13.7 10.0 1.1 1.9 0.04 0.03
1200 1.6 29 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.19 0.12 17.3 10.0 4.4 2.0 0.06 0.04
2.5 28 70 0.76 0.48 7.1 0.23 0.14 19.7 10.0 7.2 2.0 0.06 0.04
  3.1 27 80 0.90 0.61 7.9 0.26 0.15 21.3 10.0 9.4 2.1 0.07 0.04
1300 0.4 29 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.11 14.5 10.6 1.2 2.0 0.05 0.03
1.6 31 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.19 0.12 18.4 10.6 4.6 2.2 0.06 0.04
1400 0.4 31 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.11 15.4 11.2 1.2 2.2 0.05 0.04
1.6 32 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.18 0.12 19.4 11.2 4.9 2.3 0.06 0.04
1500 0.4 32 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.11 16.2 11.8 1.3 2.3 0.05 0.04
1.6 34 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.17 0.12 20.5 11.8 5.1 2.4 0.06 0.04
1600 0.4 34 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 17.0 12.4 1.4 2.4 0.05 0.04
1.6 36 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.16 0.11 21.5 12.4 5.4 2.5 0.06 0.04
1700 0.0 33 46 0.39 0.00 7.0 0.16 0.12 15.1 13.0 0.0 2.3 0.05 0.04
0.4 36 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 17.8 13.0 1.4 2.5 0.06 0.04
17
 18

Table 6. Nutrient requirements of growing and mature bulls (continued).

Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
2000-lb Mature Weight
  0.5 24 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 11.9 8.7 1.0 1.7 0.04 0.03
1000 1.7 25 60 0.61 0.35 7.5 0.25 0.14 15.1 8.7 3.8 1.9 0.06 0.04
2.8 25 70 0.76 0.48 9.1 0.32 0.17 17.2 8.7 6.3 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.5 23 80 0.90 0.61 10.5 0.38 0.20 18.6 8.7 8.2 2.4 0.09 0.05
0.5 26 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 12.8 9.4 1.0 1.8 0.04 0.03
1100 1.7 27 60 0.61 0.35 7.1 0.23 0.14 16.2 9.4 4.1 1.9 0.06 0.04
2.8 26 70 0.76 0.48 8.4 0.29 0.16 18.5 9.4 6.8 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.5 25 80 0.90 0.61 9.8 0.35 0.19 19.9 9.4 8.8 2.4 0.09 0.05
0.5 27 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 13.7 10.0 1.1 1.9 0.05 0.03
1200 1.7 29 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.22 0.13 17.3 10.0 4.3 2.0 0.06 0.04
2.8 28 70 0.76 0.48 7.9 0.27 0.16 19.7 10.0 7.2 2.2 0.08 0.04
3.5 27 80 0.90 0.61 9.0 0.32 0.18 21.3 10.0 9.4 2.4 0.08 0.05
0.5 29 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 14.5 10.6 1.2 2.0 0.05 0.03
1300 1.7 31 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.21 0.13 18.4 10.6 4.6 2.2 0.06 0.04
2.8 30 70 0.76 0.48 7.4 0.25 0.15 21.0 10.6 7.7 2.2 0.07 0.04
3.5 28 80 0.90 0.61 8.4 0.29 0.17 22.6 10.6 10.0 2.4 0.08 0.05
1400 0.5 31 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 15.4 11.2 1.2 2.2 0.05 0.04
1.7 32 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.20 0.13 19.4 11.2 4.9 2.3 0.06 0.04
1500 0.5 32 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 16.2 11.8 1.3 2.3 0.05 0.04
1.7 34 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.19 0.13 20.5 11.8 5.1 2.4 0.07 0.04
1600 0.5 34 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 17.0 12.4 1.4 2.4 0.06 0.04
1.7 36 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.18 0.12 21.5 12.4 5.4 2.5 0.07 0.04
1700 0.5 36 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 17.8 13.0 1.4 2.5 0.06 0.04
1.7 38 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.18 0.12 22.5 13.0 5.6 2.6 0.07 0.05
1800 0.5 37 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 18.5 13.5 1.5 2.6 0.06 0.04
1.7 39 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.17 0.12 23.5 13.5 5.9 2.7 0.07 0.05
1900 0.5 39 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 19.3 14.1 1.5 2.7 0.06 0.05
1.7 41 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.17 0.12 24.5 14.1 6.1 2.9 0.07 0.05
2000 0.0 37 46 0.39 0.00 7.0 0.17 0.13 17.1 14.6 0.0 2.6 0.06 0.05
0.5 40 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 20.1 14.6 1.6 2.8 0.07 0.05
Table 6. Nutrient requirements of growing and mature bulls (continued).
Diet Nutrient Density Daily Nutrients per Animal
Body
Weight ADG DM Intake TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P TDN NEm NEg CP Ca P
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs/day) (%DM) (Mcal/lb) (Mcal/lb) (%DM) (%DM) (%DM) (lbs) (Mcal) (Mcal) (lbs) (lb) (lb)
2300-lb Mature Weight
  0.5 27 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.18 0.12 13.7 10.0 1.1 1.9 0.05 0.03
1200 1.9 29 60 0.61 0.35 7.3 0.24 0.14 17.3 10.0 4.4 2.1 0.07 0.04
3.0 28 70 0.76 0.48 8.7 0.30 0.17 19.7 10.0 7.2 2.5 0.09 0.05
3.8 27 80 0.90 0.61 10.1 0.36 0.20 21.3 10.0 9.4 2.7 0.10 0.05
0.5 29 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 14.5 10.6 1.2 2.0 0.05 0.04
1300 1.9 31 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.23 0.14 18.4 10.6 4.6 2.2 0.07 0.04
3.0 30 70 0.76 0.48 8.2 0.28 0.16 21.0 10.6 7.7 2.5 0.09 0.05
3.8 28 80 0.90 0.61 9.4 0.34 0.19 22.6 10.6 10.0 2.7 0.10 0.05
0.5 31 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 15.4 11.2 1.2 2.2 0.05 0.04
1400 1.9 32 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.22 0.14 19.4 11.2 4.9 2.3 0.07 0.04
3.0 32 70 0.76 0.48 7.7 0.26 0.15 22.2 11.2 8.1 2.4 0.08 0.05
3.8 30 80 0.90 0.61 8.8 0.31 0.18 23.9 11.2 12.5 2.6 0.09 0.05
1500 0.5 32 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 16.2 11.8 1.3 2.3 0.06 0.04
1.9 34 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.21 0.13 20.5 11.8 5.2 2.4 0.07 0.05
1600 0.5 34 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 17.0 12.4 1.4 2.4 0.06 0.04
1.9 36 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.20 0.13 21.5 12.4 5.4 2.5 0.07 0.05
1700 0.5 36 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 17.8 13.0 1.4 2.5 0.06 0.04
1.9 38 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.19 0.13 22.5 13.0 5.7 2.6 0.07 0.05
1800 0.5 37 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 18.5 13.5 1.5 2.6 0.06 0.05
1.9 39 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.19 0.13 23.5 13.5 5.9 2.7 0.07 0.05
1900 0.5 39 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 19.3 14.1 1.5 2.7 0.07 0.05
1.9 41 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.18 0.13 24.5 14.1 6.2 2.9 0.08 0.05
2000 0.5 40 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.12 20.1 14.6 1.6 2.8 0.07 0.05
1.9 42 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.18 0.13 25.4 14.6 6.4 3.0 0.08 0.05
2100 0.5 42 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.13 20.8 15.2 1.7 2.9 0.07 0.05
1.9 44 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.17 0.12 26.3 15.2 6.6 3.1 0.08 0.05
2200 0.5 43 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.17 0.13 21.6 15.7 1.7 3.0 0.07 0.05
1.9 46 60 0.61 0.35 7.0 0.17 0.12 27.3 15.7 6.9 3.2 0.08 0.06
2300 0.0 45 46 0.39 0.00 7.0 0.16 0.12 20.5 16.3 0.0 3.1 0.07 0.05
0.5 47 50 0.45 0.20 7.0 0.16 0.12 23.5 16.3 1.8 3.3 0.08 0.06
19
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Table 7. Mineral requirements and maximum tolerable concentration and vitamin requirements.
Cows
Mineral/Vitamin Unit Growing and Finishing a
Gestation Early Lactation Maximum Tolerable Level
Magnesium % 0.10 0.12 0.20 0.40
Potassium % 0.60 0.60 0.70 3.00
Sodium % 0.06-0.08 0.06-0.08 0.10 --
Sulfur % 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.40
Cobalt ppm 0.10 0.10 0.10 10.00
Copper ppm 10.00 10.00 10.00 100.00
Iodine ppm 0.50 0.50 0.50 50.00
Iron ppm 50.00 50.00 50.00 1000.00
Manganese ppm 20.00 40.00 40.00 1000.00
Selenium ppm 0.10 0.10 0.10 2.00
Zinc ppm 30.00 30.00 30.00 500.00
Vitamin A IU/lb 1000.00 1300.00 1800.00 --
Vitamin D IU/lb 125.00 125.00 125.00 --
a Also for breeding bulls.
Source: NRC.

Table 8. Approximate total daily water intake of beef cattle (gallons)a.

Temperature in °Fb
Weight (lbs) 40 50 60 70 80 90
Growing heifers, steers, and bulls
400 4.0 4.3 5.0 5.8 6.7 9.5
600 5.3 5.8 6.6 7.8 8.9 12.7
800 6.3 6.8 7.9 9.2 10.6 15.0
Finishing cattle
600 6.0 6.5 7.4 8.7 10.0 14.3
800 7.3 7.9 9.1 10.7 12.3 17.4
1000 8.7 9.4 10.8 12.6 14.5 20.6
Wintering pregnant cowsc
900 6.7 7.2 8.3 9.7 - -
1100 6.0 6.5 7.4 8.7 - -
Lactating cowsd
900 11.4 12.6 14.5 16.9 17.9 16.2
Mature bulls
1400 8.0 8.6 9.9 11.7 13.4 19.0
1600+ 8.7 9.4 10.8 12.6 14.5 20.6
a Adapted from NRC, 2000.
b Water intake of a given class of cattle in a specific management regime is a function of dry matter intake and ambient temperature. Water intake is quite constant up
to 40°F.
c Dry matter intake has a major influence on water intake. Heavier cows are assumed to be higher in body condition and to require less dry matter, and thus, less water
intake.
d Cows larger than 900 lbs are included in this recommendation.