L I G N A NO
PINEWOOD
LOCAL FLORA & FAUNA
by TerraViva
VEGETATIONAL SPECIES PRESENT IN THE AREA
The area is characterised by significant biodiversity, classified according to the “Habitat” Directive 92/43/EC.
1. MOSAIC HABITAT: depending on the soil conditions, the more xerophytic coenoses may prevail or, vice versa, the
more hygrophytic coenoses. The state of conservation is good with the exclusion of some portions where there is exces-
sive anthropic pressure and excessive spread of shrubby or tree vegetation.
2. COASTAL DUNES: widespread especially on the coasts and in inland areas, they are heterogeneous as they contain
multiple types of woody vegetation dominated by junipers and other Mediterranean sclerophylls. Surfaces colonised by
the Stipa veneta grass are found.
3. DRY PRAIRIES: they are mainly characterised by Graminoid species such as Bromopsis erecta/erecta, Chrys-
opogon gryllus, Schoenus nigricans, Brachypodium rupestre/rupestre and Stipa veneta. Among the non-graminoid spe-
cies, some orchidaceae stand out.
4. DUNES WITH FORESTS: these are rarely natural formations, more often favoured by man or reforestation. They
occupy the most internal and stable area of the dune system and are characterised by the presence of Pinus halepensis,
Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster.
5. TUNNEL FORESTS: these are riparian forests dominated by Salix Alba and Populus Alba. The willow groves are lo-
cated on the lower terraces reached periodically by the ordinary floods of the river, while the poplar groves colonise the
terraces higher than the river bed, sporadically reached by the extraordinary floods.
6. ALLUVIAL FORESTS: these alluvial, riparian and swampy forests are present in areas with water stagnation, of the
azonal and stable type. They are generally characterised by the presence of Alnus spp., Fraxinus excelsior and Salix spp.
7. WET PRAIRIES: they are made up of Mediterranean rushes and other large hygrophilous herbaceous plants of the
Molinio-Holoschoenion, mainly located on sandy-clayey soils but also present in internal humid environments and ca-
pable of tolerating temporary phases of aridity. One of their potential threats is that resulting from disturbance due to
the passage of vehicles, which can cause soil compaction phenomena.
8. LIMESTONE SWAMPS: they have a flat shape and develop in areas that are flooded during the unfavourable season
but which can be dry in summer. There is mainly a dominance of Cladium mariscus.
9. FIXED COASTAL DUNES: these are dunes with morphological highs and lows partially or totally stabilised by the
presence of vegetation with wetter depressions. They have a modest extension and present a precarious state of con-
servation due to the intrusion of shrub and tree species and in some places due to trampling.
L I G N A NO
PINEWOOD
LOCAL FLORA & FAUNA
by TerraViva
10. FLOODED PASTURES: they develop in wetlands behind the dunes, on substrates with medium-high percentages
of sand, flooded by brackish water for medium-long periods. They appear as prairies generally dominated by rushes or
other hygrophilous species.
11. PRAIRIES, HALOPHILE ORCHARDS, DRY PRAIRIES: they develop on clayey soils, on carbonate substrates,
also subject to long periods of desiccation. They are ideal environments for the nesting of many bird species and there is
a perennial halophilous vegetation consisting mainly of succulent chamephytes and nanophanerophytes, Bromopsis
erecta, Gladiolo palustris and Molinietum arundinaceae. There is a particular concentration of orchids.
12. HYGROPHILE COATS: these are areas where Salix cinerea, Frangula alnus, Phragmites australis, Lysimachia vul-
garis, Lythrum salicaria, Salix rosmarinifolia are most commonly found.
13. AREAS NOT OF COMMUNITY INTEREST: they do not fall within the habitat typologies of the Natura 2000
network, they may include nitrophilous tree-shrub patches, urbanised and degraded areas, roads and paths.
FAUNA PRESENT IN THE AREA
The data reported here mainly concern the presence of avifauna, bats and roe deer, considered as macro-indicators of
the state of the fauna.
There are around fifty different species of birds in the area. The greatest number of species is found in the autumn peri-
od and is attributable to the migratory flows of species such as pipit, sparrow, siskin, brambling, etc.
Among the resident species we find, for example, the great spotted woodpecker, the great tit, the jay, etc. There are also
a limited number of roe deer and about ten species of bats.
L I G N A NO
PINEWOOD
LOCAL FLORA & FAUNA
by TerraViva
