5.
S. Measurement of Voltage, Current and Real Power in primary
and Secondary Circuits of a Single Phase Transformer
Aim:
To determine the Voltage, current and Real Power in primary and
Phase Transformer. Secondary Circuits of a Single
Apparatus required:
S. No. Equipments Type & Specifications Quantity
1 Transformer 1-0,500VA 1 No.
2 A.C. Ammeter Digital (0-20) A 1 No.
3 A.C Voltmeter Digital (0--500)V 2 No's
5 U.P.F Wattmeter
Dynamometer Type, 1 No.
250V/5A
6 Auto Transformer 1-p,6 Amps,230 Volts 1 No.
7
Connecting wires Required
Name plate details:
Power VA
LVSide Voltage -
Volts
H.V Side Voltage Volts
L.VSide current Amps
H.V Side current
Amps
Frequency Hz
22
Theory:
A Transformer is a static device which transfers the electrical energy from one
circuit to another circuit with changes in voltages and current but without any change in the frequency.
The transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction between two windings placed on a
common magnetic circuit. The two windings are electrically insulated from each other and also from the
Core.
Various measurements are made by connecting different loads directly on the transformer
and to determine the efficiency and regulation of transformer at different load conditions. Usually,
this test is performed for low power rating transformer since load is directly applied, approximating
no assumptions are needed accuracy of the results is limited only by the accuracy of the
measurements.
When the secondary is loaded the secondary current l2 is setup. The magnitude and phase of Iz with
respect to V2 is determined by the characteristics of the load. The secondary current sets up its own
mmf a d he e its ow flu 2 whi h is i oppositio to ai pri ar flu whi h is due to lo the
secondary ampere turns N2*l2 are known as demagnetizing ampere turns .The opposing secondary flux
2 weake sthepri ar flu oetar. He e pri ar a kE fE1 tends to be reduced. For a
movement V1 gain the upper hand over E1 and hence causes more current to flow in primary.
Let the additional primary current be I21 .t is known as load component of primary current. This
current is anti phase with l21 the additional primary mmf N1"l2 sets up its ow flu O21 which is in
opposite to O2 and is equal to its magnitude. Hence the two cancel each other out. So the magnetic
effects of secondary current l2 are immediately neutralized by the additional primary current lz1.Hence
whatever the load conditions be, the net flux passing through core is approximately the same as no
load.
Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit diagram such that the supply on LV side and load on HV side as shown the
figure.
2) Gradually increase the voltage using auto-transformer till the voltmeter reads the rated voltage
230V, on LV side and also record the voltage on HV side.
3) Maintain the voltage V1 to be constant for all loads.
4) Switch on the load switches one by one record the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter's
readings.
5) After notingthevalues, gradually decrease the load and set the Auto-Transformer zero voltage
position and Switch off the supply.
Theory:
A
Transformer is a static device which transfers the electrical energy from one
circuit to another circuit with changes in voltages and current but without any change in the frequency.
The transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction between two windings placed on a
the
common magnetic circuit. The two windings are electrically insulated from each other and also from
Core.
transformer
Various measurements are made by connecting different loads directly on the
Usually,
and to determine the efficiency and regulation of transformer at different load conditions.
this test is performed for low power rating transformer since load is directly applied, approximating
accuracy of the
no assumptions are needed accuracy of the results is limited only by the
measurements.
When the secondary is loaded the secondary current I2 is setup. The magnitude
and phase of I2 with
current sets up its own
respect to V2 is determined by the characteristics of the load. The secondary
mmf a d he e its ow flu z whih is i oppositio to ai pri ar flu whi h is due to lo the
opposing secondary flux
secondary ampere turns N2*I2 are known as demagnetizing ampere turns .The
reduced. For a
l2 weake s the priar flu oe tar. He e pri ar a kEfE1 tends to be
in primary.
movement V1 gain the upper hand over E1 and hence causes more current to flow
component of primary current. This
Let the additional primary current be l21.It is known as load
N1"l2 sets up its ow flu 21 which is in
current is anti phase with l21 the additional primary mmf
each other out. So the magnetic
opposite to 2 and is equal to its magnitude. Hence the two cancel
additional primary current I21.Hence
effects of secondary current l2 are immediately neutralized by the is approximately the same as no
whatever the load conditions be, the net flux passing through core
load.
Procedure:
supply on LV side and load on HV side as shown the
1) Connect the circuit diagram such that the
figure.
auto-transformer till the voltmeter reads the rated voltage
2) Gradually increase the voltage using voltage on HV side.
230V, on LV side and also record the
all loads.
3) Maintain the voltage V1 to be constant for the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter's
4) Switch on the load switches one by one record
readings. voltage
After noting the values, gradually decrease the load and set the Auto-Transformer zero
5)
position and Switch off the supply.
Theory:
A Transformer is a static device which transfers the
circuit to another circuit with changes in voltages and current but without anyelectrical energy from one
change in the frequency.
The transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction between two windings placed on
a
Common magnetic circuit. The two windings are electrically insulated from each other and also from the
Core.
Various measurements are made by connecting different loads directly on the transformer
and to determine the efficiency and regulation of transformer at different load conditions. Usually,
this test is performed for low power rating transformer since load is directly applied, approximating
no assumptions are needed accuracy of the results is limited only by the accuracy of the
measurements.
When the secondary is loaded the secondary current Iz is setup. The magnitude and phase of l2 with
respect to V2 is determined by the characteristics of the load. The secondary current sets up its own
mmf a d he e its ow flu 2 whi h is i oppositio to ai pri ar flu whi h is due to lo the
secondary ampere turns N2*12 are known as demagnetizing ampere turns .The opposing secondary flux
I2 weake sthe pri ar flu oe tar. He e pri ar a kE fE1 tends to be reduced. For a
movement V1 gain the upper hand over E1 and hence causes more current to flow in primary.
Let the additional primary current be I21 .It is known as load component of primary current. This
current is anti phase with I21 the additional primary mmf N1"2 sets up its ow flu 021 which is in
opposite to O2 and is equal to its magnitude. Hence the two cancel each other out. So the magnetic
effects of secondary current I2 are immediately neutralized by the additional primary current l21.Hence
whatever the load conditions be, the net flux passing through core is approximately the same as no
load.
Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit diagram such that the supply on LV side and load on HV side as shown the
figure.
2) Gradually increase the voltage using auto-transformer till the voltmeter reads the rated voltage
230V, on LV side and also record the voltage on HV side.
3) Maintain the voltage V1 to be constant for all loads.
4) Switch on the load switches one by one record the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter's
readings.
Auto-Transformer zero voltage
5) After noting the values, gradually decrease the load and set the
position and Switch off the supply.
Circuit diagram:
Wattmeter
300V,SA, UPF (0-10A)
DPST (0104)
Fuse OV 220v M(0)
SUPPLY
V-AC
230 10A 90900 R-LOAD
000
5dHz
300V |300V
Fuse
N 0 0
I04
14 Vaiac (WT)
230V/4-27OY
IKVA-220V/ 20V
Observations for Load Test; (purely resistive)
VË =230 V(Constant)
S.No Primary Secondary
Va (V) I1 (A)Wi(Kw) V2(V) Iz(A) W2(KW)
%Eficiency n = Output power X100
Input power
%Regulation =(E0- V) X
100 V
Precautions:
1 Avoid loose connections.
2 Don't touch the circuit connections while power is on.
3 Take the meter readings without parallax error.
4 Voltage is to be varied gradually till rated current flows.
5 Ensure that the setting of the variac is at zero output voltage during starting
Result:
