ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is with immense pleasure that we express my sincere sense of gratitude and humble
appreciation to Prof. Dr T G Santhosh Kumar for his invaluable guidance, whole-hearted co-
operation, constructive criticism and continuous encouragement in the preparation of this thesis.
Without his support and guidance, the present work would have remained a [Link] take this
opportunity to thank all our scholar friends & family for their valuable support and
encouragement throughout the preparation of this work. We also thank all those who have
directly or indirectly helped in completion of this seminar report.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1
2. HAZARDS DUE TO EARTHQUAKE ...... .................................................................................................... 2
3. HOW EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION IS DIFFERENT............................................................. 3
4. EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS ....................................................... 3
5. SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY .................................................................................................................5
6. REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE LOSSES DUE TO EARTHQUAKES .............................................7
7. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE
BLOCK(RHCBM) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………..……9
8. MID-LEVEL ISOLATION ..........................................................................................................................12
8. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE USING SLURRY INFILTRATED MAT CONCRETE (SIMCON) ..........................14
9. TRADITIONAL EARTHQUAKE REISTANT HOUSING................................................................................. 15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................................17
[Link]...........................................................................................................................................18
1. INTRODUCTION
An earthquake is the vibration, sometimes violent to the earth’s surface that follows a
release of energy in the earth’s crust. This energy can be generated by a sudden dislocation of
segments of the crust, by a volcanic eruption or even by a manmade explosion. The
dislocation of the crust causes most destructive earthquakes. The crust may first bend and
then the stresses exceed the strength of rocks, they break. In the process of breaking,
vibrations called seismic waves are generated. These waves travel outward from the source
of the earthquake along the surface and through the earth at varying speeds depending on the
material through which they move. These waves can cause disasters on the earth’s surface.
No structure on the planet can be constructed100% earthquake proof; only its resistance to
earthquake can be increased. Treatment is required to be given depending on the zone in
which the particular site is located. Earthquake occurred in the recent past have raised
various issues and have forced us to think about the disaster management. It has become
essential to think right from planning stage to completion stage of a structure to avoid failure
or to minimize the loss of property. Not only this, once the earthquake has occurred and
disaster has taken place; how to use the debris to construct economical houses using this
waste material without affecting their structural stability
2.
