1 (a) release of electrons due to heating/high temperature/heater B1
(b) X- and Y-plates labelled B1
anodes either order, labelled, either plates/cylinders with holes B1
closed tube of sensible shape
AND cathode AND anode(s) AND X- & Y- plates, all three features in correct
order
labels not needed for last mark but if given must be correct B1
(c) change current in filament/cathode/heater IGNORE limit
OR change temperature/heat/power/energy of filament/cathode/heater
OR change cathode-anode p.d./voltage
OR change charge/voltage of grid B1
(d)
d) (I=)Q/t in any form C1
0.0019 A OR 1.9 × 10 3 A OR 1.9 mA A1
(ii) (E=) VIt OR VQ in any form, words, symbols, numbers (accept t=5s) C1
190 J OR candidate’s I × 100 000 correctly evaluated A1 [9]
2 (a energy supplied / work done (per unit charge) to B1
drive charge round a (complete) circuit B1
OR
p.d. / voltage across battery / power sour
p. B1
(b) (i) P = IV OR (I =) P/V OR (I =) 60/240 C1
= 0.25 A OR ¼ A A1
(ii) I = V/R OR other version OR (R = )V/I C1
OR (R = )240/0.25
OR P=V2/R or other version e.g. (R=) V2/P
OR (R=) 2402/60
R= 960 Ω A1
(c) current in series circuit = 240 / 972 =0.247 A B1
current suits both bulbs, (so both light up so Y is correct) B1
OR
p.d. across bulb A = 240 × (960/972) = 237
p.
p.d. across bulb B = 240 × 12/972 = 2.96
p. B1
p.
p.d. suits both bulbs, (so both light up so Y correc B1 [8]
[Link]
3 (a (i) 1. resistance is constant / doesn’t vary B1
2. resistance increases B1
(ii) 7 V B1
(b) resistance of resistor = 4/2.6 (= 1.54 Ω) C
resistance of lamp = 4/3.6 (= 1.11 Ω) C
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 OR (R =) R1R2/(R1 + R2) OR either eq. with numbers C1
0.645 or 0.65 Ω A1
OR
current through resistor = 2.6 A (C1
current through lamp = 3.6 A (C1
total current = 2.6 + 3.6 = 6.2 A (C1
0.645 Ω OR 0.65 Ω OR R = 4/sum of candidate’s currents (A1) [7]
accept R value based on no. of sig. figs. for resistors used by candidate
4 (a) (i) 4 Ω B1
(ii) IVt OR I2Rt OR V2t/R in any form or words or numbers
Condone t = 9 if substituted possible ecf from (i) C1
540 (s) C1
437.4 J possible ecf if 4 Ω from (i) used A1
(b) R = ρL/A OR R ∝ L/A OR R ∝ L and R ∝ 1/A or 1/d2 or 1/r2 C1
A2 = ¼A1 OR A2 = 0.25A1 C1
R2 = (0.45/0.3) × R1 OR (3/2) x R1 C1
⅜ OR 0.375 OR 37.5 % A1
OR
R = ρL/A OR R ∝ L/A OR R ∝ L and R ∝ 1/A or 1/d2 or 1/r2 C1
Resistance of thinner wire with same length as thicker wire = 4 × 4 = 16 Ω C1
Actual resistance of thinner wire = 1.8 /0.3 = 6.0 Ω C1
Ratio: L of thinner wire / L of thicker wire = 6.0 / 16 = 3/8 = 0.375 = 37.5 % A1 [8]
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5 (a same/like/similar charges repel (ignore poles repel) B1
unlike/opposite/different charges attract (ignore poles attract) B1
(b) idea of car/person (being) charged (by friction) B1
idea of charge/electrons going to/from/through person B1
(c) (i) electrons / -ve charges move towards the rod / to R (ignore just “attracted”)
ignore any mention of +ve charges moving
any mention of +ve electrons gets B0 B1
(ii) opposite charges attract OR electrons / -ve charges attracted to +ve / rod B1
attraction between opposite charges > repulsion between like charges
OR – ve charges (are) close(r) (to the rod) B1
(iii) electrons / -ve charges flow (up) from earth/wire no e.c.f. from (i)
ignore +ve charges moving, NOT +ve electrons B1
ball becomes –vely charged B1 [9]
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