ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
Hybrid Power Generation System
Satyam Londhe1, Manish Landge2, Runal Rairikar3, and Pooja Kapse4 Prof. S.R. Nimbalkar
Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering1,2,3,4
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering5
Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Mahaashtra, India
Abstract: Due to limit of use of conventional energy sources, these days emphasis is given on to the use of
non-conventional sources of energy. Among them is the very popular wind energy source, in which wind
energy is converted into mechanical form of energy first and then with the help of a generator this mechanical
energy available is converted into electrical energy thereafter this form of energy become ready to be used
by the users. Though this form of energy is abundantly available the problem is today’s machinery. In its
simple construction a vertical axis wind mill is constructed instead of it being rest on a thrust bearing it is
levitated in air using magnetic property of same pole repelling each other. One magnet is fitted into the wind
mill while the other is fitted in to the hoist. Generator is coupled with is wind mill thereby generating the
electricity efficiently and at a larger capacity. The electricity generated from this type of wind mill is also
very large compared to the conventional wind mills. Wind energy turbines are not that kind of efficient to
produce continues & sufficient power so that, to overcome the problem associated with conventional turbines
we are introduces to make hybrid electricity generation system along with Solar panel as a new breed being
developed. This has motivated for combining two or more renewable energy resources i.e., hybrid power
generation. The project deals with the study and design of hybrid system of solar and wind energy for rural
area’s applications.
Keywords: Solar, wind, hybrid power, higher electrical output
I. INTRODUCTION
Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) are becoming popular as stand-alone power systems for providing electricity
in remote areas due to advances in renewable energy technologies and subsequent rise in petroleum products. A hybrid
energy system, or hybrid power, usually consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together to provide
increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply. Most of us already know how a solar/wind power
generating system works, all these generating systems have some or the other drawbacks (considering standalone system),
like Solar panels are too costly and the production cost of power by using them is generally higher than the conventional
process, it is not available in the night or cloudy days. Similarly, Wind turbines can’t operate in high or low wind speeds.
Solar hybrid power systems are hybrid power systems that combine solar power from a photovoltaic system with another
power generating energy source. This would create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during
the summer, the solar panels would produce their pea output. Hybrid energy system often yield greater economic and
environmental returns than wind, solar, geothermal or tri-generation stand-alone systems by themselves.
Our projects based on utilization of non-conventional sources of energy to satisfy basic. Energy demand like powering
street lights using wind and solar energy. The purpose of using two sources of energy like wind and solar is to eliminate
seasonal dependency of the instrument. When one sources, say solar energy is not available in abundance during
monsoon, wind energy comes to the rescue and similarly opposite will be the case during the time when the winds are
not intense enough. Also, it includes the analysis of the VAWT, so that max power and efficiency can be obtained.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 759
[Link]
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
Fig: Hybrid Power Generation System
II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND OBJECTIVE
The followings are some of the objectives behind development of hybrid power generation system given below:
1. The main objective of this project is to assess the feasibility and economic viability of utilizing hybrid Solar–
Wind–battery based standalone power supply systems to meet the load requirements.
2. To make nonconventional system which will give continues & sufficient power in all working conditions.
3. To make energy efficient hybrid power generation system as a low-cost alternative to conventional one.
4. To optimize usage of electricity by substituting its hybrid mode of generation.
5. To develop a small-scale model for assessing feasibility of system.
6. To design the system this is cost effective, reliable and also efficient.
7. To carry out the performance analysis of hybrid power generation system the analysis of VAWT.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 760
[Link]
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Solar Panel
The photo- voltaic effect can be observed in nature in a variety of materials that have shown that the best performance in
sunlight is the semiconductors as stated above. When photons from the sun are absorbed in a semiconductor, that create
free electrons with higher energies than the created there must be an electric field to induce these higher energy electrons
to flow out of the semi-conductor to do useful work. A junction of materials, which have different electrical properties,
provides the electric field in most solar cells for the photon interaction in a semiconductor. A solar cell consists of,
1. Semi –conductor in which electron hole pairs are created by the absorption of incident solar radiation.
2. Region containing a drift field for charge separation.
3. Charge collecting front and back electrodes.
Fig 1: Solar Panel
3.2. Solar Charger
The power charge regulator is also known as charge controller, voltage regulator, charge-discharge controller or charge-
discharge and load controller. The regulator sits between the array of panels, the batteries, and the equipment or loads.
By monitoring the voltage of battery, the regulator prevents overcharging or over discharging. Regulators used in solar
applications should be connected in series: they disconnect the array of panels from the battery to avoid overcharging,
and they disconnect the battery from the load to avoid over discharging. The connection and disconnection is done by
means of switches which can be of two types: electromechanical (relays) or solid state (bipolar transistor). Solar chargers
should never be connected in parallel. In order to protect the battery from gasification, the switch opens the charging
circuit when the voltage in the battery reaches its high voltage disconnects (HVD) or cut-off set point. The low voltage
disconnects (LVD) prevents the battery from over discharging by disconnecting the load. The most modern regulators
are also able to automatically disconnect the panels during the night to avoid discharging of the battery
Figure 2: Solar charger circuit
3.3. Battery
The batteries are used as a storage device for solar energy which can be further converted into electrical energy.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 761
[Link]
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
Specification of Battery
Battery type – lithium-ion (Li-On)
Battery Charging time - 1 to 1.5 Hours
Fig 3: Battery
3.4. DC Motors
A DC motor is a mechanically commutated electric motor powered from direct current (DC). The stator is stationary in
space by definition and therefore so is its current. The current in the rotor is switched by the commentator to also be
stationary in space. This is how the relative angle between the stator and rotor magnetic flux is maintained near 90
degrees, which generates the maximum torque.
Specification:
DC supply: 12V RPM: 60 at 12V
Shaft diameter: 6mm
Fig 4: DC Motors
3.5. Ball Bearings
This type of bearing consists of i) a cast iron pedestal, ii) gun metal, or brass bush split into two halves called “brasses”,
and iii) a cast iron cap and two mild steel bolts. The detailed drawing of a pedestal bearing is shown in image below
Fig 5: Pedestal bearing
3.6. Shaft
Shaft is a common and important machine element. It is a rotating member, in general, has a circular cross-section and
is used to transmit power. The shaft may be hollow or solid. The shaft is supported on bearings and it rotates a set of
gears or pulleys for the purpose of power transmission.
Fig 6: Shaft
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 762
[Link]
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Advantages
The advantages covered by the propose system are listed as,
Overcoming disadvantages of standalone renewable electrical energy generation system
1. Producing much more efficiency as two or more renewable energy generation system working together in the
terms of electrical energy generation.
2. Since, the system doesn’t complexity of system testing and understanding became easy in terms of difficulties.
3. System maintains is remarkably reduced and becomes easy.
4. Renewable energy sources like, sun, wind, are utilized so, no waste production.
5. Producing clean, friendly to environment, renewable energy.
6. Once the system is designed and developed or manufactured, the installation of system is easy.
7. Within certain time period the installation cost gets covered.
8. If the system gets damaged in case, no need of changing entire system or subsystem. Just, changing a damage
component will work out.
4.2. Application
Some of the applications for the purpose system are listed follow,
1. The system is used for domestic purpose.
2. Street lighting, Traffic signals.
3. Various monitoring systems.
4. Powering up for communication system.
5. Pump irrigation Systems.
6. Small Boats like yacht.
7. As per requirement of electrical energy the system can be either designed or updated for higher energy
requirement.
8. When AC mains supply is not available, the proposed system can be used as emergency system with only few
changes.
9. So, it can be used for almost every electronic, mechanic, viz. system needing/ require electric energy to work
on.
VI. CONCLUSION
While concluding this report, we feel quite fulfil in having completed the project assignment well on time, we had
enormous practical experience on fulfilment of the manufacturing schedules of the working project model. We are
therefore, happy to state that the in calculation of mechanical aptitude proved to be a very useful purpose. Although the
design criterions imposed challenging problems which, however were overcome by us due to availability of good
reference books. The selection of choice raw materials helped us in machining of the various components to very close
tolerance and thereby minimizing the level of balancing problem. Needless to emphasis here that we had lift no stone
unturned in our potential efforts during machining, fabrication and assembly work of the project model to our entire
satisfaction. The model develops by us fulfil the required objectives & hence we are satisfied with our project work.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research project was supported and guided by Prof. S.M. Nimbalkar and the Mechanical Engineering department of
Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni.
NOMENCLATURE
A Frontal area of rotor [m2]
AR Aspect ratio --
CD Drag coefficient --
α Angle of attack (ᵒ)
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 763
[Link]
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
ρ Density of air [kg/m3]
ω Rotor rotational speed [rad/s]
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