Name______________________________Program & Year__________________Score____________

Subject: Cognitive Psychology Teacher: Mrs. Jean M. Cavalida Date: August 25, 2022
Type of Activity:
Drawing out ⎕ Concept Notes ⎕ Laboratory
MODULE⎕1Individual
LESSON ⎕ 2 Quiz ⎕ Formative ⎕ Summative
the best ⎕ Exercise/Drill ⎕ Art/Drawing ⎕ Pair/Group ⎕ Others, specify_____________________________
in you!

MODULE 1: TOPICS 1 & 2- Cognitive Psychology and the different approaches

Topic 1: Cognitive Psychology its nature and processes

Learning 1. Explain the significance of cognitive psychology. Concept/

2. Understand the difference between the two philosophical antecedents of Digest:
Targets:
psychology.
3. Discuss the concepts of rationalism and empiricism. In
cognitive
Reference/s: th
Sternberg, R.J. & Sternberg, L., (2012). Cognitive Psychology 6 Edition psychology,
attention
explains to
how an individual actively processes information specifically present in his/her environment. When you read this
module, you are also experiencing the numerous sights, sounds and sensations around you. The directions given by the
teacher in this module, the sounds of the person next to you talking on the phone or the sounds of your TV or music
radio, the feeling of sitting on your chair, the sight of trees outside your window, the memory of a previous
conversation you had and more. With the aid of this subject, many psychologists want to understand how a person can
experience all of these different sensations and still focus on a single element or task.

ENGAGE Have you ever experienced a time when you went to the
kitchen to get something and forget why you went there?

Instructions: Choose your chat mate and share your experiences. It might be your experience or
someone’s experience that somehow made you reflect on something about memory loss
or whatever memory gap you encounter.

EXPLORE

Research about the school of thought of these specific philosophers/thinkers: Plato and Aristotle. Discuss
briefly the concepts behind their school of thought and create a graphic organizer. Cite your references.

This situation is an example of how our mind is always processing

EXPLAIN information inside our brain to the point of forgetting things. Whether you
are there to get a cold drink or you were trying to avoid the guests in your
living room, you are perceiving information, processing it and thinking
about it.

 According to Sternberg (2012): “Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and
think about information. A cognitive psychologist might study how people perceive various shapes, why they
remember some facts but forget others, or how they learn language.”
 Many known philosophers presented their arguments regarding how people process information, rationalize their
actions and put meaning to their experiences.
 You noticed the two thinkers emphasized the functions of the brain cells in perceiving things and savoring the
experiences at the same time responding to the demands of the body.
 It also stresses the reasons of man in doing an activity whether to satisfy the human desires, physiological needs
or the search for truth.
 ELABORATE

 Philosophical Antecedents of Psychology: Rationalism vs Empiricism

- Just any other field of science, psychology has its own history and roots to where it started. Psychologists
have traced down the origin of psychology to two concepts to understanding how the human mind
functions:
1. Philosophy: It seeks to understand the general nature of many aspects of the world.
2. Physiology: It seeks a scientific study of life-sustaining functions in living matter primarily through empirical
methods.

 Two Greek philosophers, namely Plato and his student Aristotle, had revolutionized a way of thinking which has
affected not only psychology, but other related fields. Ideas were more often than not, dialectic in nature, which
means that ideas evolved overtime through changes and developments.

Plato. He was a rationalist. He believed that the route to knowledge was through
thinking and logical analysis. Rationalists believe that reason is the source of all
knowledge and that the senses are easily fooled. A person who is interested in an
individual’s cognitive processes would sought out with reason.
https://
[Link]/
scholar/plato

Aristotle. He was an empiricist. He was a naturalist, biologist and philosopher. He

believed that we acquire knowledge via empirical evidence which we obtain
through experiences and observation. Empiricists believe that knowledge is based on
experience and experimentation.

[Link]
2019/01/23/books/review/edith-
[Link]
 EVALUATE

Instruction: You are going to make a reflection about the concepts presented by the two thinkers. Will you agree or not? Be
sure to produce your reflections in 10 sentences only.

RUBRIC FOR MAKING REFLECTION/INSIGHTS

Advance (5) Developing (3) Emerging (1) Score

Exceptionally well- Well-presented and Content is sound and solid;

presented and argued; ideas are ideas are present but not
Content
argued; ideas are detailed, developed particularly developed or
detailed, well- and supported with supported; some evidence, but
developed. evidence and details, usually of a generalized nature.
mostly specific.

Organization is Organization is Organization is confused and

coherent, unified and coherent and unified fragmented in support of the
Organization
effective in support overall in support of essay’s purpose/ plan and
of the paper’s the paper’s purpose/ demonstrates a lack of structure
purpose plan, but is ineffective or coherence that negatively
at times and may affects readability.
demonstrate abrupt or
weak transitions
between ideas or
paragraphs.

Shows a pattern of errors in

spelling, grammar, and syntax.
Mechanics Excellent grammar, A few errors in
Could also be a sign of lack of
spelling, and syntax. grammar, spelling,
proof-reading.
and syntax but not
many.
 Topic 2: Psychological Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology
Learning 1. Explain the different approaches to cognitive psychology;
2. Determine the proponents of the different approaches;
Targets:
3. Discuss the contributions of the approaches to the field of
psychology.
References: Sternberg, R.J. & Sternberg, L., (2012). Cognitive Psychology 6th Edition

ENGAGE

How do you describe an apple?

Instructions: Choose your chat mate and present your ways of describing an apple. Take note of
the discussion you have with your chat mate.

EXPLORE

Instructions: This is an individual task. Write your answer on the space provided.
.
a. Describe yourself base on your appearance.
1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________

b. Describe yourself based on your personality.

1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________

EXPLAIN

 Parts of mental processes can be recognized and understood by scientific method, one can describe internal
mental processes with rules or criteria in processing the information.
 You noticed, each one has own ways of describing the “self” based on specific criteria, others based on their
beliefs and feelings.
 The descriptions that a person attached to the self could likewise be rolled out as product of influence from the
environment, the experiences such as upbringing or orientations at home that mold them who they are and the
determination to achieve on what they aim in life.
 ELABORATE

 Cognitive psychology has roots in many different ideas and approaches. These are developed in order to facilitate
understanding of the behaviors and contents of the minds. The approaches that will be examined include early
approaches such as structuralism and functionalism, followed by a discussion of associationism, behaviorism, and
Gestalt psychology.

 Understanding the Structure of the Mind:

Structuralism. It seeks to understand the structure of the mind and its perception through one’s introspection,
reports using the individual’s views, feelings, sensation and affection.

Example: A structuralist would describe an apple as round, sweet and hard.

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) was a German psychologist who was known in the field of structuralism, he was
often viewed as the founder of structuralism in psychology. One of the methods he was famous for was
introspection. Introspection means looking into oneself or self-observation or self-analysis. It involves
carefully examining and reporting one’s own behavior, thoughts and emotions. Many scientists believed that the
method of structuralism in research were too subjective which lead to low reliability in results because it
focused too much on the internal cognitive state of a person which is not directly observed by the researchers
and cannot be accurately measured.
 Understanding the Processes of the Mind:
Functionalism. It seeks to understand what people do and why they do it. It sought to explain cognitive
behavior and processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. It was developed to go against the concept of
structuralism. Rather than focusing on the elementary contents of the human mind, it focuses on how and why
the mind works the way it does.

Example: A functionalist would say that the function of an apple is to nourish the body.

One important concept develop in functionalism is pragmatism. Pragmatists believed that an idea is true based on its
usefulness or how it satisfactorily works. That when a concept is generally applicable then it is valid, while when a
concept is ideally inapplicable, then it is rejected. William James (1842 – 1910) was one of the more famous
psychologist who believed in this school of thought and even until today, his works on attention, consciousness, and
perception are still being discussed in the scientific field. John Dewey (1859-1952) was another pragmatist known for
his work in temporary thinking in cognitive psychology.

 An Integrative Synthesis
Associationism. It examines how elements of the mind like events or ideas, can become associated with one
another in the mind to result in a form of learning. For example, associations may result from:

• Contiguity (associating things that tend to occur together at about the same time);

• Similarity (associating things with similar features or properties); or

• Contrast (associating things that show polarities, such as hot/cold, light/dark, day/ night)

Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850–1909) was one of the associationists who experimented on his own mental processes
using the concept of associationist. He studied how people can improve memory and easily memorize materials through
rehearsal, he found out how repetition aids in learning.
 It’s Only What You Can See That Counts
Behaviorism. It focuses only on the interaction between an external stimuli from the environment and its effect
on an individual manifested in his observable behavior. Some of the more famous researchers in this field are
Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson. Behaviorism may be considered an extreme version of
associationism. It focuses entirely on the association between the environment and an observable behavior.
According to strict, extreme (“radical”) behaviorists, any hypotheses about internal thoughts and ways of
thinking are nothing more than speculation.

In Russia, Nobel Prize–winning physiologist Ivan

Pavlov (1849–1936) studied involuntary learning
behavior of this sort. He began with the observation
that dogs salivated in response to the sight of the
lab technician who fed them. This response
occurred before the dogs even saw whether the 
technician had food. To Pavlov, this response
indicated a form of learning (classically conditioned
learning), over which the dogs had no conscious
control. In the dogs’ minds, some type of
involuntary learning linked the technician to the
food (Pavlov, 1955).
[Link]
[Link]
The Whole Is More Than the Sum of Its Part: Gestalt
Psychology

Gestalt Psychology. It states that we best understand cognitive processes when we view them as organized and
structured wholes. According to this view, we cannot fully understand behavior when we only break
phenomena down into smaller parts.
 EVALUATE

Instructions: You are tasked to answer the following questions based on your understanding and
experiences. Each question should only be answered in 5 sentences only.

1. What is functionalism? Relate it in your real experience.

a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
d. _____________________________
e. _____________________________

2. What is structuralism? Relate it in your real experience.

a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
d. _____________________________
e. _____________________________

3. What is associationism? Relate it in your real experience.

a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
d. _____________________________
e. _____________________________

4. What is Gestalt Psychology? Relate it in your real experience.

a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
d. _____________________________
e. _____________________________

Output will be submitted on Aug. 31, 2021

Date & Schedule of Class: Aug. 26, 2021 (Thursday -1:30-3:00PM)

Teacher: Mdm. Jean M. Cavalida, MAGC, MSP, RGC

Cognitive Psychology, Teacher