BDwbU

Avh© mf¨Zv
4
f‚wgKv
wmÜz mf¨Zvi cZ‡bi ci GKwU RvwZ fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z _v‡K | BwZnv‡m Giv Avh© bv‡g
cwiwPZ| Avh©‡`i cÖavb ag©MÖ‡š’i bvg †e`| †e‡`i ag© Lye wbôvi mv‡_ cvjb Ki‡Zv Avh©iv|
†e‡`i Abymvix GB Avh©iv fvi‡Z M‡o †Zv‡j GK mf¨Zv| BwZnv‡m Zv Avh© mf¨Zv ev ˆew`K
mf¨Zv bv‡g cwiwPZ| †e` ïay ag© MÖš’B wQj bv| G‡Z mvwn‡Z¨i ¸YI wQj| Gfv‡e Avh© mf¨Zv
fviZe‡l© GK DbœZ mvwn‡Z¨i Rb¥ †`q hv ˆew`K mvwnZ¨ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avh© mf¨Zv mvgvwRK,
A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK I ag©xq Rxe‡b GKwU bZzb aviYvi Rb¥ w`‡qwQj| GB mf¨ZvB avZz
hy‡Mi mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`q fviZ‡K|

Avh©‡`i cwiPq
cvV 1
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ fvlv we‡k−lY K‡i cwÊZMY wKfv‡e Avh©‡`i Avw` evm¯’vb wba©viY K‡i‡Qb Zv eY©bv
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ Avh©‡`i †`n AvK…wZ I ms¯‹…wZ we‡k−lY K‡i Zv‡`i Avw`evm m¤ú‡K© †h aviYv †bqv
n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wKfv‡e Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z AvMgb N‡U‡Q Zvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

wmÜz mf¨Zvi cZ‡bi ci GK `j we‡`kx AvµgYKvix fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| Zviv wb‡R‡`i Avh©
ej‡Zv| Avh© k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q Ôwek¦¯— gvbylÕ ev ÔGKB Rv‡Zi gvbylÕ| †e` iPbvKvix Ges †e‡`i
Abymvix e‡j Avh©‡`i g‡a¨ Lye An¼vi wQj| Zviv fvi‡Zi ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i †P‡q wb‡R‡`i
cwiPq DbœZ g‡b Ki‡Zv| Zviv †h Avjv`v Zv †evSv‡bvi Rb¨B wb‡R‡`i ÔAvh©Õ ej‡Zv| fvi‡Zi Avw`
Awaevmx‡`i Avh©iv g‡b Ki‡Zv kÎæ| ZvB G‡`i ej‡Zv Ô`vmÕ ev Ô`my¨Õ|

B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlv
Avh©‡`i Avw`evm †Kv_vq wQj Zv wb‡q cwÊZM‡Yi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q bvbv gZ‡f`| Kv‡iv g‡Z evB‡i
bq fvi‡ZB Avh©‡`i Avw`evm wQj| †Kvb GK Kv‡j fviZ †_‡KB Zviv cvim¨ I BD‡iv‡c
hvq| wKš‘, D‡j−L‡hvM¨ msL¨K cwÊZ GB gZ mg_©b K‡ib bv| G weZK© †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m
mwVK mZ¨ †LvuRvi Rb¨ cÖ_g c`‡¶c †bb fvlvZË¡we`MY| cÖvPxb Avh© ms¯‹…wZ Lyu‡R cvIqvi
fvlvi wePv‡i Avh©‡`i Rb¨ fvlvi wb`k©bmg~n cix¶v Kiv nq| Z‡e Avh© ms¯‹…wZi Drm wn‡m‡e †Kvb AÂj‡K wbw`©ó
Avw`evm A‡š^lY Kiv Zuv‡`i c‡¶ m¤¢e nqwb| Aóv`k kZvãxi †kl w`‡K GB mgm¨vi mgvav‡b GwM‡q Av‡mb
`yÕRb BD‡ivcxq| Zvuiv Avh©‡`i e¨envi Kiv ms¯‹…Z fvlvi mv‡_ j¨vwUb I wMÖK fvlvi wgj Lyu‡R
cvb| Gu‡`i GKRb n‡”Qb divwm wgkbvix †Kvi`y (Coeurdoux) Ges Av‡iKRb n‡jb
†KvjKvZv mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i Bs‡iR wePvicwZ I GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwUi cÖwZôvZv m¨vi DBwjqvg †Rvbm&|
Zv‡`ui aviYv GB fvlvmg~‡ni Drm GKB A‡j Ges †Kvb GK mgq GB A‡ji gvby‡liv c~e© I
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cwð‡g Qwo‡q c‡owQj| GKB Drm †_‡K D™¢e n‡q wewfbœ kvLvq wewfbœ bv‡g fvlvmg~n Qwo‡q
c‡o| ZvB fvlvi GB g~j DrmwU‡K ejv nq B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlv| B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq‡`i
Avw`evm †hLv‡b wQj Avh©‡`i DrmI †mLv‡b| Z‡e GB cÖ‡kœI GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb cwÊZMY|
G ch©v‡q †KD e‡j‡Qb, B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq‡`i Avw` evm¯’vb wQj DËi BD‡iv‡ci mgf‚wg‡Z|
†KD e‡j‡Qb, nv‡½ixi mgf‚wg‡Z| Avevi KviI g‡Z ga¨ Gwkqvq|

Avh©‡`i †`n AvK…wZ I wewfbœ A‡j Avh©‡`i Qwo‡q cov

Avh©‡`i †`n AvK…wZ I Zv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ we‡k−lY K‡i AwaKvsk we‡klÁ Avh©‡`i Avw` evm¯’vb
†LvuRvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Zvu‡`i g‡Z, †cvj¨vÛ †_‡K ga¨ Gwkqv ch©š— we¯—xY©, ﮋ, Z…Ygq cÖvš—‡i
Avav hvhvei GK †Mvôx emevm Ki‡Zv| GB RvwZi Mob wQj j¤^v, bvK wQj Lvov, Mv‡qi is
dm©v Avi gv_v j¤^v‡U| Zviv †Nvov‡K ek gvbvq Ges PvKvIqvjv i_ e¨envi K‡i| Zv‡`i cÖavb
Drm mܨvb †ckv wQj †gl cvjb Kiv| mvgvb¨ K…wlKvRI Ki‡Zv| wLª÷c~e© 2000 A‡ãi cÖ_gw`‡K
Avh©‡`i RbmsL¨v Lye †e‡o hvq| Ab¨w`‡K, Livq cïPviY f‚wgi Nvm hvq cy‡o| d‡j, evuPvi
ZvwM‡` G A‡ji gvbyl‡`i †ewi‡q co‡Z nq bZzb f‚wgi mÜv‡b| `je×fv‡e Zviv m‡i †h‡Z
_v‡K cwðg, `w¶Y I c~e©w`‡K| Zviv †h mg¯— A‡j emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i †mLv‡b ïi“ nq
wcZ…Zvwš¿K cwievi e¨e¯’v| Zv‡`i Dcvmbvq ¯’vb cvq AvKv‡ki †`eZv, †Nvov Avi i_| GB
†Mvôxi GKwU kvLv P‡j hvq BD‡iv‡c| GivB nj wMÖK, j¨vwUb, †KjU Ges wUDUb Rb‡Mvôxi
c~e© cyi“l| Ab¨ GKwU kvLv P‡j hvq Avbv‡Zvwjqv A‡j| Zv‡`i m‡½ ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i
wgkª‡Y ¯’vwcZ nq wnÆvBU‡`i wekvj mvgªvR¨| Avh©‡`i GKwU kvLv Zv‡`i cyivZb evm¯’v‡b i‡q
hvq| GKwU kvLv P‡j hvq `w¶Y w`‡K K‡Kkvm Ges Biv‡bi mgZj f‚wg‡Z| wLª÷c~e© 1400
A‡ã DËi-c~e© wmwiqv‡Z wgZvwbœ bv‡gi †jvK‡`i Avwe©fve N‡U| G‡`i †`eZv‡`i mv‡_ fviZxq
†`eZv‡`i wgj i‡q‡Q| †hgb- B›`i A_©vr B›`ª, Di“fb A_©vr ˆew`K †`eZv ei“Y BZ¨vw`|

Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek

Biv‡bi gvjf‚wg AÂj †_‡K Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z AvMgb N‡U| fvi‡Z Avh©‡`i AvMgb I Awfhvb
Pj‡Z _v‡K ax‡i ax‡i kZvãxi ci kZvãx a‡i| GB AvMg‡bi m~Pbv N‡U wLª÷c~e© 2000
Biv‡bi gvjf‚wg AÂj †_‡K A‡ã| cÖ_gw`‡K Avh©emwZ M‡o D‡V c~e© cvÄv‡e Ges kZ`ª“ I hgybv b`xi ga¨eZ©x A‡j|
Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z AvMgb N‡U|
GB AÂj Avh©veZ© bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avh©iv µ‡g ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mv‡_ wg‡k †h‡Z _v‡K|
Gfv‡e †`‡ni w`K †_‡K Zv‡`i A‡bKUv cwieZ©b †`Lv hvq| GB wgkª‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q fvi‡Z GK
mgq GKwU D”PZi mf¨Zvi D‡b¥l N‡UwQj| †hLv‡b Avh© I `ªvweo ixwZi A‡bK wKQzB Lyu‡R
cvIqv hvq|

mvi-ms‡¶c Avh©iv fvi‡ZiB Avw` Awaevmx bv ewnivMZ G wb‡q weZK© i‡h‡Q| AwaKvsk gZ Abyhvqx
Avh©iv we‡`k †_‡K G‡m‡Q| cwÛZ‡`i g‡a¨ cieZ©x weZK© ïi“ nq Avh©‡`i Avw`evm †Kvb
A‡j wQj Zv wb‡q| Gfv‡e mZ¨ AbymÜvb Ki‡Z wM‡h fvlvZvwË¡KMY fvlv we‡k−lY
K‡i‡Qb| b„-ZvwË¡KMY Avh©‡`i †`nvK…wZ we‡k−lY K‡i‡Qb| Avi BwZnvmwe` I cÖZœZvwË¡KMY
Avh© ms¯‹…wZ we‡k−lY K‡i Zv‡`i Drm f‚wg †LvuRvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| †`Lv wM‡q‡Q, Avh©iv g~j
Drm †_‡K †ewi‡q wewfbœ kvLv cÖkvLvq bvbvw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡owQj| G‡`iB GKwU kvLv GK
mgq Biv‡bi gvjf‚wg †_‡K AMÖmi nq Ges cÖ‡ek K‡i fvi‡Z|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
43

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.1

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| Avh©iv fvi‡Zi Avw` Awaevmx‡`i ej‡Zv−
K. wek¦¯— gvbyl|
L. `my¨|
M. GKB Rv‡Zi gvbyl|
2| fvlvi wePv‡i Avh©‡`i Drm AbymÜvb K‡iwQ‡jb−
K. m¨vi DBwjqvg †Rvbm&|
L. m¨vi gwU©gvi ûBjvi|
M. ivLvj `vm e‡›`vcva¨vq|
3| Avh©iv fvi‡Z AvMgb K‡i−
K. wLª÷c~e© 1400 A‡ã|
L. 1400 wLª÷v‡ã|
M. 2000 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
4| fvi‡Z Avmvi c~‡e© Avh©‡`i evmf‚wg wQj−
K. Biv‡bi gvjf‚wg A‡j|
L. `w¶Y K‡Kkvm A‡j|
M. wmwiqv‡Z|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. Avh©‡`i cwiPq wjLyb|
2. fvlvi wePv‡i Avh©‡`i Avw`evm †Kv_vq wQj eY©bv Ki“b|
3. wKfv‡e Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z AvMgb N‡U‡Q Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
44

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ˆew`K mvwnZ¨ : FM&‡e`

cvV 2
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ FM&‡e` m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|
◗ ˆew`K mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© mvaviY eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wewfbœ ˆew`K mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

FM&‡e‡`i cwiPq
Avh©‡`i m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g Rvbvi my‡hvM nq Zv‡`i ag©xq mvwnZ¨ MÖš’ FM&‡e` †_‡K| Avh©‡`i mv‡_
†ek wKQy cy‡ivwnZI G‡mwQ‡jb fvi‡Z| Zvuiv KweZv iPbvq wQ‡jb `¶| Gme KweZv
†`eZv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ iPbv Kiv n‡Zv Ges ag©xq Abyôv‡b Zv MvIqv n‡Zv| Avh© cy‡ivwnZ‡`i Øviv
iwPZ †k−vK¸‡jv fviZe‡l© ïi“i w`‡K gy‡L gy‡L Ave„wË Kiv n‡Zv| wLª÷c~e© 1000 A‡ã G¸‡jv
FM&‡e‡`i †gvU †k−v‡Ki msL¨v GKÎ K‡i mvRv‡bv nq| Aek¨ ZLbI wj‡L ivLvi K_v fvev nqwb| fvi‡Z †jLvi cÖPjb
1028 wU| nIhvi c‡i †Kv_vI †Kv_vI wew”Qbœfv‡e †k−vK¸‡jv †jLv n‡Z _v‡K| Z‡e, AwaKvsk †k−vKB
eªvþY‡`i ¯§„wZ‡ZB †_‡K wM‡qwQj| Gfv‡e cÖvq 3000 eQi a‡i A‡bKUv AweK…Zfv‡e
FM&‡e‡`i †k−vK¸‡jv‡K i¶v Kiv nq| FM&‡e‡`i †gvU †k−v‡Ki msL¨v 1028 wU| wVK †Kvb
mgq †k−vK¸‡jv iwPZ nq, Zv wb‡q cwÊZ‡`i g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| g~jZt Avh© AvMg‡bi mgq
mv‡_ Avmv cy‡ivwnZivB †k−vK¸‡jv iPbv K‡i‡Qb|

†e‡`i †k−v‡Ki msL¨v

G, Gj, e¨vkv‡gi g‡Z, †k−vK¸‡jv iwPZ nq wLª÷c~e© 1500 Aã †_‡K wLª÷c~e© 1000 A‡ãi
g‡a¨| G¸‡jv GK‡Î mvRv‡bv nq wLª÷c~e© 1000 A‡ã| Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb hyM hyM a‡i gy‡L
FM&‡e` MÖš’e× nIqvi ci Gi gy‡L Ave„wË Kiv n‡Zv Ô†e`Õ| ejv n‡q _v‡K eªv²‡Yi gyL †_‡K †e‡`i evYx ï‡b c~Y¨ jvf
†fZi 1000 GiI †ewk †k−vK
Aš—fz©³ Kiv nq| Ki‡Zv Abymvixiv| GB Rb¨ †e‡`i Aci bvg ÔkÖ“wZÕ| G Kvi‡Y, FM&‡e` wn›`y mf¨Zvi Avw`
MÖš’ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| FM&‡e` MÖš’e× nIqvi ci Gi †fZi 1000 GiI †ewk †k−vK Aš—fz©³
Kiv nq| †k−vK¸‡jv †jLv n‡qwQj cÖvPxb ms¯‹…Z fvlvq, hv‡K ˆew`K ms¯‹…Z ejv nq| FM&‡e`
n‡”Q Avh© mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g wb`k©b|

ˆew`K hy‡Mi wewfbœ mvwnZ¨

fvi‡Z emwZ ¯’vc‡bi ci Avh©iv AviI A‡bK ag©xq mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡i| †hgb- †e`, mswnZv,
ˆew`K mvwnZ¨mg~n wLª÷c~e©
eªvþY, AviY¨K, Dcwbl` I m~Î| GB wecyj mvwnZ¨ m¤¢vi ˆew`K mvwnZ¨ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
2000 Aã †_‡K wLª÷c~e©
500 A‡ãi g‡a¨ wjwLZ ˆew`K mvwnZ¨mg~n wLª÷c~e© 2000 Aã †_‡K wLª÷c~e© 500 A‡ãi g‡a¨ wjwLZ n‡qwQj e‡j
n‡qwQj e‡j A‡bK cwÛ‡Zi A‡bK cwÛ‡Zi AwfgZ| GB welqwU wb‡q `xN© M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb Rvg©vb cwÊZ wd«WwiP g¨v·
AwfgZ| gyjvi (1823-1909 wLª÷vã)| wZwb Dcwbl`‡K gvby‡li Áv‡bi D¾¡j cÖKvk e‡j gš—e¨
K‡i‡Qb| ˆew`K mvwnZ¨ co‡j eySv hvq wKfv‡e cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi gvbyl cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hyM †_‡K
HwZnvwmK hy‡M G‡m †cŠu‡QwQj|

Pvi cÖKvi †e`

FM&‡e` QvovI AviI wZbwU †e` iwPZ nq| myZivs †e` †gvU PviwU - FM&‡e`, mvg&‡e`,
†e` †gvU PviwU - FM&‡e`, hRyi‡e` I A_e©‡e`| FM&‡e‡`i wKQy †k−vK wb‡q mvg&‡e` iwPZ nq| ˆew`K †k−vK‡K KLbI
mvg&‡e`, hRyi‡e` I KLbI ejv nq Ôgš¿Õ| mvg&‡e‡`i gš¿¸‡jv h‡Ái mgq m½xZiƒ‡c MvIqv n‡Zv| hRy©‡e‡`i wKQy
A_e©‡e`|
Ask c‡`¨ I wKQy Ask M‡`¨ iwPZ nq| Gi g‡a¨ Aš—f©y³ n‡Zv h‡Ái AvPvi AvPiY cvj‡bi
gš¿¸‡jv| A_e©‡e‡`i gš¿¸‡jvq m„wói inm¨, kΓ`gb, wPwKrmv c×wZ cÖf…wZ welq Aš—fz©³
wQj|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
45

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cÖwZwU †e` Avevi `yÕfv‡M wef³ wQj| †k−v‡Ki msMÖn †h fv‡M Zv‡K ejv nq mswnZv| Avi,
hvMhÁ Kivi wewa †h fv‡M Zv‡K ejv nq eªvþY| g‡š¿i iPwqZv I cÖeZ©K wn‡m‡e `kRb Fwli
bvg cvIqv hvq| Guiv n‡”Qb AóK, evgK, evg‡`e, wek¦wgÎ, Rvg`wMœ, A½xim, fiØvR, ewkô,
Kk¨c Ges f…¸|

Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvq ˆew`K mvwnZ¨ m¤^‡Ü aviYv †c‡q‡Qb| GLb GB mvwnZ¨¸‡jvi msw¶ß
cwiPq †`qv n‡”Q|

mswnZv
KZ¸‡jv wel‡qi mgwó wQj mswnZv| †hgb- gš¿, cÖv_©bv I Avk©xev‡`i evYx| mswnZv fv‡Mi
gš¿¸‡jv c‡`¨ iwPZ| G¸‡jv iPbv Kiv n‡qwQj †`e-†`ex‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨|

eªvþY
GB fv‡M hvMhÁ m¤^‡Ü bvbv AvPvi Abyôv‡bi eY©bv i‡q‡Q| †e`‡K wfwË K‡iB eªvþY Ask
M‡`¨ iwPZ|

AviY¨K
ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ eªvþY fv‡Mi cwiwkó n‡”Q- ÔAviY¨KÕ fvM| GLv‡b ÔHZ‡iq AviY¨KÕ I
ÔHZ‡iq eªvþYÕ bv‡g `yB ai‡Yi iPbv †`Lv hvq| AiY¨ ev eb m¤úwK©Z iPbv e‡j G¸‡jvi bvg
n‡”Q ÔAviY¨KÕ|

Dcwbl`
Avh©‡`i `vk©wbK wPš—v wb‡q Dcwbl` iwPZ n‡q‡Q| GB MÖ‡š’ cig mZ¨ I mË¡v m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Dcwbl` AZ¨š— mijfv‡e ag© cvj‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q| GLv‡b ag©
cvj‡b bvbviKg hvMh‡Ái we‡ivwaZv Kiv nq| Dcwbl` M‡`¨ wjwLZ| Gi Aí wKQy Ask wQj
c‡`¨| Dcwbl‡`i msL¨v GKk‡ZiI †ewk|

m~Î
m~Î mvwnZ¨ iwPZ nq Dcwbl‡`i cieZ©xKv‡j| GB m~Î mvwnZ¨ wZb fv‡M wef³ t †kªŠZ m~Î,
M„n¨m~Î I ag©m~Î| ˆew`K hvMh‡Ái Abyôvb m~ÎvKv‡i ewY©Z nIqv‡K Ô†kªŠZm~ÎÕ e‡j| ÔM„n¨m~ÎÕ
n‡”Q M„n‡¯’i KZ©e¨Kg© AbœcÖvmb, Dcbqb, weevn BZ¨vw` myÎvKv‡i ewY©Z nIqv| Avi mvgvwRK
ixwZbxwZ, AvPvi e¨envi BZ¨vw` m~ÎvKv‡i ewY©Z nIqv‡K ag©m~Î e‡j| GB wZbwU cÖavb m~Î
Qvov Avi GK ai‡Yi m~Î cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K e‡j Ôïj¦m~ÎÕ| Ôïj¦Õ k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q my‡Zv| A_©vr
†hLv‡b hÁ‡`exi gvc, AvKvi, AvqZb BZ¨vw` ewY©Z Av‡Q Zv nj Ôïj¦ m~ÎÕ|

mvi-ms‡¶c ˆew`K hyM m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi c~‡e© ˆew`K mvwnZ¨ Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| KviY mvwn‡Z¨i wfZ‡i Qwo‡q
Av‡Q †m mg‡qi BwZnvm| ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` wb`k©b FM&‡e`| FM&‡e‡`i †fZi Qwo‡q
Av‡Q ˆew`K hy‡Mi bvbv K_v| FM&‡e` QvovI AviI †ek wKQy mvwnZ¨ cvIqv hvq Avh© hy‡M|
GB mvwnZ¨¸‡jvi †fZi †m hy‡Mi mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I ag©xq Rxe‡bi K_v
Qwo‡q Av‡Q|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
46

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.2

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| FM&‡e‡`i †k−vK¸‡jv cÖ_g GKÎ K‡i mvRv‡bv nq−
K. 3000 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
L. 1028 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
M. 1000 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
2| FM&‡e‡` †gvU †k−v‡Ki msL¨v−
K. 1000 wU|
L. 1500 wU|
M. 1028 wU|
3| †e` †gvU−
K. wZb cÖKvi|
L. Pvi cÖKvi|
M. cvuP cÖKvi|
4| Dcwbl` n‡”Q−
K. Avh©‡`i Kve¨ MÖš’|
L. Avh©‡`i `k©b MÖš’|
M. Avh©cy‡i wnZ‡`i Avkxe©v‡`i evYx|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. FM&‡e` wK? Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. †e` KZ cÖKvi? Gi Dci GKwU UxKv wjLyb|
3. Dcwbl` m¤^‡Ü GKwU UxKv wjLyb|
4. m~Î mvwnZ¨ KZ cÖKvi? G e¨vcv‡i msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
47

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

FM&‡e` hy‡M Avh©‡`i ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v

cvV 3
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ FM&‡e` hy‡M ivR¨ I ivRvi Ae¯’vb wK wQj Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ivR Kg©Pvix‡`i m¤^‡Ü eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cÖkvm‡bi wewfbœ w`K we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ivRvi Ae¯’vb Ges MÖvgYx

Avh©‡`i g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK HK¨ †Zgb wQj bv| Zviv wewfbœ †Mvôx‡Z wef³ n‡q c‡owQj| cÖwZwU
†Mvôx cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb GK GKRb †bZv| GB †bZvi Dcvwa wQj ivRv| ivRv Dcvwa aviY
K‡i wZwb Zvui AÂj kvmb Ki‡Zb| Avh©‡`i GB kvmb c×wZ †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i fvi‡Z
ivRZ‡š¿i D™¢e nq| FM&‡e‡` Ggb GKRb ivRvi K_v Rvbv hvq| Zvui bvg Ômy`vmÕ| Avh©‡`i
Ab¨Zg GKwU †Mvôxi bvg Ôfvi †MvôxÕ| GB †Mvôxi ivRv wQ‡jb my`vm| AÂjwUi Ae¯’vb wQj
¯^i¯^Zx b`xi Drm gy‡L| FM&‡e` †_‡K Rvbv hvq my`vm cvÄve Ges DËi-cwðg A‡j `kwU
†Mv·K civwRZ K‡ib| GB `k †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ Ôcyi“Õ wQj me‡P‡q kw³kvjx| cyi“i ivRvi bvg
MÖv‡gi cÖavb e¨w³‡`i ejv nZ wQj Ôcyi“KzZmvÕ| cieZ©xKv‡j Av‡iKwU ivR¨ cÖvavb¨ we¯—vi K‡i| GB iv‡R¨i bvg Kzi“| Avh©
MÖvgbx †Mvθ‡jvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb ivRv| ivRvi cyÎB ivRv n‡Zb| ivRviv Gfv‡e
eskvbyµwgK avivq ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zb| Zviv my`„k¨ ivRcÖvmv‡` evm Ki‡Zb| ivR`iev‡i Zvi
Pvicv‡k _vK‡Zb mfvm`MY| mfvm` QvovI MÖv‡gi cÖavb e¨w³iv wQ‡jb h‡_ó ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|
Zvu‡`i ejv n‡Zv MÖvgYx| cÖRvcvjb Kiv Ges hvMhÁ Kivi Rb¨ cy‡ivwnZ‡`i c„ô‡cvlY Kiv
wQj ivRvi KZ©e¨| ivRv A_© msMÖn Ki‡Zb `yB c×wZ‡Z| GKwU cÖRv‡`i †`qv `vb| Ab¨wU
civwRZ‡`i KvQ †_‡K Av`vqK…Z Ki|

¸i“Z¡c~Y© ivRKg©Pvix
ivRvi c‡i me‡P‡q ¶gZvkvjx wQ‡jb ÔcÖavb cy‡ivwnZÕ| wZwb wQ‡jb ivRvi Nwbô mn‡hvMx|
Avh©iv ivRv‡K †`eZvi g‡Zv c~Rv Ki‡Zv| Zv‡`i wek¦vm g‡Z, hy×R‡qi Rb¨ †`eZviv ivRv
wbe©vPb K‡i w`‡Zb| FM&‡e‡`i hy‡M `yÕRb gywb me‡P‡q †ewk ¸i“Z¡ †c‡qwQ‡jb| Zvuiv n‡jb
ÔˆewkôÕ Ges Ôwek¦vwgÎÕ| Zvuiv †MvôxcwZ‡`i Kv‡R Aby‡cÖiYv †hvMv‡Zb| Zuviv hy× R‡qi
D‡Ï‡k¨ e›`bv Mvb MvB‡Zb| GQvovI ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨ Ô†mbvwb‡`iÕ bvg Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| Giv ej−g, KzVvi, Zievwi BZ¨vw` e¨envi Ki‡Zb| aviYv Kiv nq, ivR¯^ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨
†Kvb wbw`©ó Kg©Pvix wQj bv| G †_‡K g‡b Kiv nq mvaviY gvbyl ¯^Z:ù‚©Zfv‡e ivRv‡K ab-
m¤ú` `vb Ki‡Zb| GB `vb‡K ejv n‡Zv ÔewjÕ ev ÔevwjÕ| hy× R‡qi ci †h Dc‡XŠKb I
wRwbmcÎ cvIqv †h‡Zv Zv †Mvôx msMVb¸‡jvi gva¨‡g weZiY Kiv n‡Zv| wePviKvh© wbe©vn
Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb Kg©Pvixi D‡j−L FM&‡e‡` †bB|

eRªcwZ
Kg©Pvix‡`i Dcvwa †_‡K FM&‡e` hy‡Mi cÖkvmb m¤ú‡K© wKQy aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| Z‡e, Dcvwa
†_‡K †Kvb& †Kvb& AÂj Zv‡`i kvmbvax‡b wQj Zv Rvbv hvq bv| Aek¨ †Kvb †Kvb AÂj KLbI
cïPviY f‚wg †h Kg©Pvixi †Kvb Kg©Pvixi Aax‡b †`qv n‡Zv| cïPviY f‚wg †h Kg©Pvixi Aax‡b _vK‡Zv Zvi Dcvwa wQj
Aax‡b _vK‡Zv Zvi Dcvwa
ÔeRªcwZÕ| cwievi cÖavb‡K ejv n‡Zv ÔKzjcÕ| Kzjc Ges ˆmb¨evwnbx ev MÖvgYx‡`i †bZ…Z¡
wQj ÔeRªcwZÕ|
w`‡Zb GB eRªcwZ| cÖ_gw`‡K MÖvgYx‡`i Aax‡b _vK‡Zv †QvU †QvU †hv×vevwnbx| c‡i Zv‡`i
c`gh©v`v e„w× cvq Ges Zviv nb MÖvg cÖavb| Gfv‡e, Zvui gh©v`v evo‡Z evo‡Z wZwb nb
ÔeRªcwZÕ|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
48

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mvgwiK evwnbx
ivRvi Aax‡b †Kvb ¯’vqx ˆmb¨evwnbx wQj bv| hy‡×i mg‡q ivRv ˆmb¨evwnbx †`Lvïbvi `vwqZ¡
wb‡Zb| GB ˆmb¨evwnbx MwVZ n‡Zv wewfbœ DcRvwZ †Mvôx‡`i mgš^‡q| GiKg wKQy †Mvôxi
Dcvwa n‡”Q ÔeªZÕ, ÔMYÕ, ÔMÖvgÕ Ges Ômva©Õ| †gvUvgywUfv‡e cÖkvmb wQj DcRvZxq Pwi‡Îi|
GLv‡b me‡P‡q †ewk ¸i“Z¡ wQj mvgwiK evwnbxi| mvaviY gvbyl wQj A‡bKUv Avav hvhvei
avu‡Pi| ZvB, m¤¢eZ FM&‡e` hy‡Mi †Kvb AmvgwiK cÖkvmb M‡o D‡Vwb|
ÔmfvÕ I ÔmwgwZÕ
ÔmfvÕ I ÔmwgwZÕ bv‡g `yÕ‡Uv cwil‡`i K_v Rvbv hvq| GB cwil` ivRv‡K civgk© †`qvi Rb¨
M‡o D‡VwQj| cwil` `yÕ‡Uvi wbqš¿Y eRvq _vKvq ivRvi c‡¶ †¯^”QvPvix nIhvi my‡hvM wQj
bv| Avh© ivRv‡K g~jZ: †mbvcwZ g‡b Kiv n‡Zv| wZwb i‡_ P‡o hy× cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| hy‡×i
A¯¿ wQj ek©v, KzVvi, Z‡jvqvi I Zxi-abyK|

mvi-ms‡¶c FM&‡e` hy‡M Avh©‡`i ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi GKwU wPÎ cvIqv hvq| G hy‡M †Kvb GKK ivR¨ M‡o
D‡Vwb| meB wQj ¶z`ª ¶z`ª A‡j wef³| A‡ji cÖavb, ivRv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡Zb| ivRv
QvovI ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c`¸‡jv‡Z wewfbœ Dcvwa`vix Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM Kiv n‡Zv| G‡`i mgš^‡q GKwU
cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡VwQj| hy× weMÖn wQj Avh©‡`i cÖavb †ckv| ZvB, G hy‡Mi cÖkvmb
wQj g~jZ: mvgwiK cÖkvmb| AmvgwiK cÖkvm‡bi Aw¯—Z¡ †Zgb GKUv Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.3

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| Avh©‡`i fvi‡Mvôx A‡ji ivRv wQ‡jb−
K. my`vm|
L. cyi“KzZmv|
M. cyi“|
2| wek¦vwgÎ wQ‡jb−
K. GKRb ˆew`K ivRv|
L. GKRb †`eZv|
M. GKRb Avh© gybx|
3| cïPviY f‚wgi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb−
K. eRªcwZ|
L. Kzjc|
M. mva©|
4| ivRvi civgk©K cwil‡`i bvg−
K. MY|
L. mfv I mwgwZ|
M. mva©|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. FM&‡e` hy‡M ivRvi Ae¯’vb wK wQj eY©bv Ki“b|
2. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ivRKg©Pvix Kviv wQ‡jb? wjLyb|
3. eRªcwZ m¤^‡Ü GKwU msw¶ß UxKv wjLyb|
4. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi mvgwiKevwnbx †Kgb wQj? wjLyb|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
49

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

FM&‡e` hy‡M Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK Ae¯’v

cvV 4
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK KvVv‡gvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cÖv_wgK mvgvwRK msMVb ÔcwieviÕ m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ mgKvjxb mvgvwRK mvs¯‹…wZK Rxeb we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv
FM&‡e` hy‡Mi mvgvwRK KvVv‡gvi g~j K_v n‡”Q AvÍ
xqZvi eÜb| GKRb gvbyl †Kvb& †Mvôxi Zv
eySv †h‡Zv Zvi bv‡gi mv‡_ hy³ Dcvwa †`‡L| me©cÖ_g gvbyl AbyMZ _vKZ Zvi †Mvôxi cÖwZ|
†Mvôxi GKwU mvaviY bvg wQj| Zv n‡”Q ÔRbÕ| FM&‡e‡` ÔRbÕ kãwU Aš—Z 275 evi D‡j−L
Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘, GKeviI ÔRbc`Õ kãwUi D‡j−L †bB| ivR¨ m¤ú‡K© ZLbI †h †Kvb aviYv
ˆZwi nqwb G †_‡KB Zv Abygvb Kiv P‡j| †Mvôxi AviI GKwU bvg Av‡Q| Zv n‡”Q ÔwekÕ| Aš—
Z, 170 evi Gi D‡j−L K‡i‡Q FM&‡e`| aviYv Kiv nq K‡qKwU MÖvg wb‡q ÔwekÕ MwVZ n‡Zv|
msL¨vq me‡P‡q †ewk wQj ˆek¨ e‡Y©i gvbyl|

†kªYx ˆelg¨
Avh©iv hLb fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i ZLb Zv‡`i mgv‡R †kªYx‡f` wQj| FM&‡e‡`i cÖ_gw`‡Ki †k−v‡K
Ô†¶ÎÕ ev ÔAwfRvZÕ Ges Dc‡i D‡j−L Kiv ÔwekÕ ev ÔmvaviY gvbylÕ GB `yB †kªYxi Aw¯—‡Z¡i
K_v Rvbv hvq| cvV- 1 G, Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb, Avh©iv wQj †MŠi e‡Y©i| Zviv G‡`‡k G‡m
¯’vbxq K…ò e‡Y©i gvbyl‡`i KvQvKvwQ A‡bK mZK©Zvi mv‡_ emevm Ki‡Z _v‡K| KviY, Zv‡`i
wQj e‡Y©i An¼vi Ges Zviv i‡³i weï×Zv i¶vi Rb¨ m‡Pó _vK‡Zv| Gfv‡e Zviv mvgvwRK
†kªYxweb¨vm Ki‡Z _v‡K| we‡RZv Avh©iv civwRZ Abvh©‡`i ¯’vb †`q mgv‡Ri GK cÖv‡š—| †hme
Avh© Abvh© gwnjv‡K we‡q K‡i Ges Zv‡`i Rxeb cÖYvjx MÖnY K‡i Zv‡`iI bvwg‡q †`qv nq
mgv‡Ri wb毗‡i| Ab¨w`‡K ag©xq hvMh‡Ái `vwqZ¡ †c‡q hvq cy‡ivwnZiv| me‡P‡q cÖfvekvjx
†kªYx‡Z cwiYZ nq Giv| Ggwb K‡i cy‡ivwnZiv mgv‡Ri D”PZg ¯’vbwU `Lj K‡i †bq|
FM&‡e` hy‡Mi †kl ch©v‡q G‡m Avh© mgvR Pvi e‡Y© wef³ n‡q c‡o| GB eY© wefw³‡Z a‡g©i
Aby‡gv`b wQj| eY© PviwU n‡”Q eªvþY, ¶wÎq, ˆek¨ I k~`ª| ejv n‡q _v‡K fMev‡bi gyL †_‡K
m„wó n‡q‡Q eªvþY| evû †_‡K m„wó n‡q‡Q ¶wÎq| Di“ †_‡K m„wó n‡q‡Q ˆek¨ Ges c`hyMj
†_‡K m„wó n‡q‡Q k~`ª|

cwievi KvVv‡gv
ˆew`K hy‡M mgvR I iv‡óªi cÖv_wgK wfwË wQj ÔcwieviÕ| K‡qKwU cwievi wb‡q MwVZ n‡Zv
MÖvg| cwievi¸‡jv wQj wcZ…Zvwš¿K| cwiev‡ii me‡P‡q cÖexY e¨w³ n‡Zb cwievi cÖavb| Avh©iv
cwievi‡K ej‡Zv ÔKzjÕ| cwievi cÖavb‡K ejv n‡Zv ÔKzjcvÕ| msmviag© cwiPvjbvi †bZ…Z¡ wQj
†g‡q‡`i nv‡Z| †g‡q‡`i nv‡Z h‡_ó KZ…©Z¡ _vK‡jI wcZ…Zvwš¿K mgv‡Ri wbqg Zv‡`i †g‡b
Pj‡Z n‡Zv| d‡j ¯^vgxi AaxbZv ¯¿x‡K gvb‡Z n‡Zv| ˆew`K mgv‡R mvaviYZt ÔGK weevnÕ
cÖ_v cÖPwjZ wQj| weevn we‡”Q` ev weaev weev‡ni K_v FM&‡e‡` cvIqv hvq bv|

Avb›` Abyôvb
mvgvwRK Avb›` Abyôv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q G hy‡Mi ms¯‹…wZ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| mgv‡R hviv ˆ`wnK kw³‡Z
ejevb Zv‡`i Av‡gv` cÖ‡gv‡`i g‡a¨ wQj i_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| GLv‡b wewfbœ c~Rv-AP©bv Kiv
n‡Zv| hy×-b„Z¨ Ges cïcvwL wkKvi Kiv n‡Zv| Av‡gv` cÖ‡gv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ wQj
gywóhy×, b„Z¨ I MxZ| bvixiv we‡klZt exYv I KiZvwjmn bvP‡Zv Ges Mvb MvB‡Zv| FM&‡e`
hy‡M Avh©iv KZ©e¨civqY I b¨vqbxwZi cÖwZ wbôvevb wQj| FM&‡e` †_‡K Rvbv hvq, wb‡Ri N‡i
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
50
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Lv`¨ gRy` _vKvi c‡iI Afvex‡K `vb bv Kiv wb›`vi †Pv‡L †`Lv n‡q‡Q| Avevi, cÖksmv Kiv
n‡q‡Q Zvui, whwb wf¶zK‡K D`vi nv‡Z `vb K‡ib Ges `ye©j‡K ïkªƒlv K‡ib| AvwZ‡_qZvi
cÖksmv Qwo‡q Av‡Q FM&‡e‡`|

Avh©iv wQj Kg©V Ges hy×wcÖq RvwZ| Ô†mvgÕ I ÔmyivÕ wQj Zv‡`i cQ›`bxq cvbxq| hvMh‡Ái
Avh©iv wQj Kg©V Ges hy×wcÖq mgq †mvgim cvb Kivq ag©xq Aby‡gv`b wQj| ÔmyivÕ wQj GK ai‡bi kw³kvjx g`| wKš‘ GB
RvwZ| g` cvb Kivi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb wewa wb‡la wQj bv| ag©xq Abyôv‡b `vb-a¨v‡bi ci Avb›` Drm‡e
†fvR I †mvgim cvb Pj‡Zv| Ryqv †Ljv Avh© mgv‡Ri we‡bv`‡bi Ask wQj| FM&‡e‡` Ryqv
†Ljvi D‡j−L cvIqv hvq| Avh©-c~e© hy‡MI fvi‡Z Ryqv †Ljvi cÖPjb wQj|

mvi-ms‡¶c FM&‡e` hy‡M Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK Rxeb wQj Ôcwievi‡Kw›`ªKÕ| wcZ…Zvwš¿K cwiev‡i †g‡q‡`i
h‡_ó KZ…©Z¡ †`Lv‡bvi my‡hvM wQj| Avh©‡`i cwievi KvVv‡gvi wfZi †_‡K eY©‰elg¨ gv_vPvov
w`‡q D‡VwQj| mgvR wKQyUv KjywlZI n‡q wM‡qwQj| GB Ae¯’vi †fZi †_‡KI Avh© mgv‡R
mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi weKvk N‡U| b„Z¨, MxZ I Ab¨vb¨ Avb›` Drm‡e gË _vK‡Zv Avh©
mgvR|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.4

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| ÔRbÕ kãwU FM&‡e‡` D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q−
K. 275 evi|
L. 170 evi|
M. 150 evi|
2| Avh© mgvR Pvi e‡Y© wef³ nq−
K. FM‡e` hy‡Mi gvSvgvwS|
L. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi ïi“iw`‡K|
M. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi †kl ch©v‡q|
3| ˆew`K hy‡M mgvR I iv‡óªi cÖv_wgK wfwË wQj−
K. MÖvg|
L. cwievi|
M. †Mvôx|
4| ÔKzjcvÕ ejv n‡Zv−
K. cwievi cÖavb‡K|
L. ivóª cÖavb‡K|
M. MÖvg cÖavb‡K|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv †Kgb wQj eY©bv Ki“b|
2. Avh©‡`i mgv‡R †kªYx ˆel‡g¨i Dci GKwU UxKv wjLyb|
3. Avh©‡`i cwievi m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
51

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

FM&‡e` hy‡Mi Avh©‡`i ag©xq Ae¯’v

cvV 5
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ FM&‡e` hy‡Mi †`eZv‡`i K_v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ †`eZv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ †h mg¯— wµqvKg© Kiv n‡Zv †m m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ hvM-hÁmg~‡ni eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

Avh© a‡g©i Drm t wewfbœ †`e-†`exi cwiPq

FM&‡e‡` Avh©‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi Rxeb I ixwZbxwZ wb‡q A‡bK K_v †jLv n‡q‡Q| Zv †_‡K Zv‡`i
ag©xq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kiv hvq| fviZe‡l©i cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h© cyjwKZ I Av‡eMvc−yZ
n‡q‡Qb Avh© FwlMY| Gfv‡e Zv‡`i g‡b †R‡M‡Q m„wó I mªóvi cÖwZ fw³| cÖK…wZi wfZi †_‡K
ZvB Avh©iv Zv‡`i †`e-‡`ex Lyu‡R wb‡q‡Qb| cÖ_gw`‡K Avh©‡`i †`e-‡`ex wQj AvKvk Ges
AvKv‡ki mv‡_ m¤úK© Av‡Q Ggb me welq| g‡b Kiv n‡Zv AvKvk †`eZv cyi“l mËv| †`ex‡`i
g‡a¨ c„w_¡,Aw`wZ, Elv, ivwÎ Ges AiY¨vbx| Z‡e, cÖavb †`eZv wn‡m‡e cyi“l †`eZv‡KB c~Rv
Kiv n‡Zv| Avh© aviYv g‡Z, wZbwU A‡j †`eZviv wePiY Ki‡Zb| wgÎ I ei“b †`eZv wQ‡jb
AvKvkPvix| ga¨ AvKv‡ki †`eZv n‡jb B›`ª I gi“r Ges c„w_exi †`eZv n‡jb AwMœ I †mvg|
¸i“‡Z¡i wePv‡i †`eZv‡`i ¯’vb
¸i“‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K †`eZv‡`i ¯’vb wba©viY Kiv n‡qwQj| G hy‡Mi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †`eZv
wQ‡jb B›`ª| B›`ª‡K ejv n‡Zv cyi›`i| Gi A_© `yM© aŸsmKvix| wek¦vm g‡Z, B›`ª `my¨‡`i m‡½
hy‡×i mgq Avh©‡`i †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡`i Rqx K‡iwQ‡jb| FM&‡e‡` cÖvq 250 wU
†k−vK B‡›`ªi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡ew`Z wQj| B›`ª wQ‡jb e„wói †`eZv| ˆew`K hy‡M wØZxq ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
†`eZv n‡jb AwMœ| Zvui D‡Ï‡k¨ 200 wU †k−vK wb‡ew`Z n‡q‡Q| AwMœ ¯^‡M©i †`eZv| wZwb
c„w_exi gvby‡li g‡a¨ ms‡hvM i¶v Ki‡Zb| wek¦vm g‡Z, AwMœi D‡Ï‡k¨ hv DrmM© Kiv n‡Zv Zv
†avuqvi AvKv‡i KzÛjx cvwK‡q AvKv‡ki †`eZvi Kv‡Q †cŠuQy‡Zv| ei“Y wQ‡jb Z…Zxq ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
†`eZv| wZwb wQ‡jb cvwbi †`eZv| ei“‡Yi KvR wQj c„w_exi kvwš—-k„•Ljv i¶v Kiv| ei“‡Yi
B”Qv‡ZB c„w_exi me NUbv NU‡Zv| †mvg wQ‡jb Dw™¢` Kz‡ji †`eZv| Avcbviv c~‡e©B
†mvgi‡mi K_v †R‡b‡Qb| FM&‡e‡`i e¨vL¨v Abyhvqx MvQ MvQvwj †_‡K GB †mvgim ˆZwi Kiv
n‡Zv| Gic‡i †`eZv gvi“‡Zi Ae¯’vb| wZwb wQ‡jb So-SÅv †`eZv| Gfv‡eB FM&‡e‡`
Avgiv AmsL¨ †`eZvi mÜvb cvB; hvuiv wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK kw³i cÖwZwbwa ¯^iƒc wQ‡jb|
ïi“‡Z Avcbviv †`ex‡`i K_v †R‡b‡Qb| G‡`i g‡a¨ Elv ev Aw`wZ‡K g‡b Kiv n‡Zv †fv‡ii
†`eZv| wKš‘ FM&‡e‡` †`ex‡`i K_v †Zgb ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q Av‡jvwPZ nqwb| Avh© mgvR wcZ…Zvwš¿K
nIqvq cyi“l †`eZviv gwnjv †`eZv‡`i Zzjbvq †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQ‡jb|

c~Rvi wewfbœ c×wZ

FM&‡e‡` Avh©‡`i ag©Rxe‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© w`K wQj wewfbœ ag©xq AvPvi-Abyôvb| †`eZv‡`i
g‡bvićbi Rb¨ AvbyôvwbK wµqv-Kg© Kiv n‡Zv| G hy‡M gvby‡li cÖavb KZ©e¨ wQj †`eZv‡`i
c~Rv gv‡bB wQj †`eZv‡`i c~Rv Kiv| ZvB c~Rv gv‡bB wQj †`eZv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ h‡Á AvûwZ `vb I FM&‡e‡` †jLv
D‡Ï‡k¨ h‡Á AvûwZ `vb I
†k−vK¸‡jv Ave„wË Kiv| †`eZv‡`i wbKU †cÖi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ mvaviY Lv`¨, cvbxq A_ev †Nvov,
FM&‡e‡` †jLv †k−vK¸‡jv
Ave„wË Kiv †fov, gwnl, lvuo I Mi“ AwMœ‡Z AvûwZ †`qv n‡Zv| †`eZv‡`i KvQ †_‡K wKQy cvIqvi Avkvq
G mg¯— DrmM© Kiv n‡Zv| Gfv‡e, †`eZv I gvby‡li g‡a¨ †`qv-‡bqvi GKwU m¤úK© M‡o
D‡VwQj| GQvovI †`eZv‡`i Ki“Yv jv‡fi ci Zvu‡`i cÖwZ K…ZÁZv Ávcb wQj h‡Ái D‡Ïk¨|
Avh©iv g~wZ© c~Rv `ªvweo‡`i KvQ †_‡KB wk‡L‡Q| g~jZ RvMwZK Rxe‡bi my‡Li Rb¨B Zviv c~Rv
Ki‡Zv| †hgb- Zv‡`i cÖv_©bv wQj mš—vb jvf, †Mv-ab ev Mi“ cvIqv A_ev kΓ wbab Kiv|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
52

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

hvM-h‡Ái †kªYx wefvM

FM&‡e` hy‡M AbywôZ hÁ¸wj‡K `yÕ‡Uv †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv nq|
(K) FM&‡e‡` KZ¸‡jv †k−vK cÖv_©bvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡Zv| G¸‡jvi ga¨ w`‡q Rb¥, we‡q, g„‡Zi
mrKvi, wcZ… c~Rv, Mevw` cïi eske„w× Ges AwaK dm‡ji Kvgbv Kiv n‡Zv| G ai‡Yi
Abyôvb‡K ejv n‡Zv ÔM„nKg©vwYÕ| Gmgq M„‡n ivLv Av¸‡b wewfbœ `ªe¨ AvûwZ †`qv n‡Zv| abx-
`wi`ª mg¯— M„n¯’ivB GB hÁ cvjb Ki‡Zv|
(L) wekvj Av‡qvR‡b gnvh‡Ái Abyôvb Kiv n‡Zv| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj cÖwZØ›Øx‡K civwRZ Kiv,
†ivM wbeviY ev wbivgq Kiv Ges wnsmª cïi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvIqv| mvaviYZ: ivRv ev abx
e¨w³iv G ai‡Yi h‡Ái Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zb| GB hÁ‡K ejv n‡Zv Ô†kªŠZ hÁÕ| GB h‡Ái
Av‡qvRbI wQj wekvj| c„_K c„_K wZbwU †e`x‡Z Av¸b R¡vjv‡bv n‡Zv| wµqv Abyôvb
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb eû msL¨K cy‡ivwnZ| MvIqv n‡Zv FM&‡e‡`i A‡bK †k−vK| FM&‡e` †_‡K
Rvbv hvq cÖ_g w`‡K g„Z‡`n Kei †`qvi cÖ_v wQj| c‡i Kei I `vn Dfq c×wZi cÖPjb nq|
Gfv‡eB fvi‡Z g„Z‡`n †cvov‡bvi ixwZ Pvjy n‡qwQj|

mvi-ms‡¶c FM&‡e` Abyhvqx eû †`eZvq wek¦vm wQj Avh©‡`i| cÖvK…wZK wewfbœ wel‡qi ga¨ †_‡K m„wó
Kiv n‡q‡Q †`eZv‡`i| †`eZv‡`i mš‘ó Kivi Rb¨ †h mg¯— AvPvi AvPi‡Yi Av‡qvRb Kiv
n‡qwQj Zvi wfZi †_‡KB FM&‡e` hy‡Mi a‡g©i GKwU KvVv‡gv ˆZwi nq| G hy‡Mi a‡g© c~Rv
wn‡m‡e hvM h‡Ái wekvj Av‡qvRb wQj| Avh©‡`i GB ag©‡evaB cieZ©xKv‡j wn›`y ag©‡K
wbw`©ó iƒc w`‡Z †c‡iwQj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.5

ˆbe¨©w³K cÖkœ
1| Avh© g‡Z, c„w_exi †`eZvi bvg−
K. B›`ª|
L. c„w_¡|
M. AwMœ|
2| FM&‡e‡` B‡›`ªi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡ew`Z wQj-
K. 250 wU †k−vK|
L. 200 wU †k−vK|
M. 100 wU †k−vK|
3| Avh©iv g~wZ©i c~Rv wk‡L‡Q-
K. FM&‡e` †_‡K|
L. †`eZv‡`i KvQ †_‡K|
M. `ªvweo‡`i KvQ †_‡K|
4| Ô†kªŠZÕ h‡Ái Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Zv-
K. wnsmª cïi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨|
L. g„‡Zi mrKv‡ii Rb¨|
M. Mevw` cïi esk e„w×i Rb¨|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi †`eZv‡`i cwiPq w`b|
2. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi c~Rvi wewfbœ c×wZi weeiY w`b|
3. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi wewfbœ hvM-hÁmg~‡ni eY©bv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
53

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

FM&‡e` hy‡Mi Avh©‡`i A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v|

cvV 6
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ FM&ˆew`K hy‡Mi A_©bxwZ‡Z cï m¤ú‡`i f‚wgKv wK Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ¶z`ª wk‡íi weKv‡ki welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ FM‰ew`K hy‡Mi A_©bxwZ‡Z K…wle¨e¯’vi f‚wgKv †Kgb wQj Zvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

Av‡qi g~j Drm cï-cvjb t cÖavb A_©Kix m¤ú` ÔMi“Õ

Avcbviv Av‡MB †R‡b‡Qb, Avh©iv kni M‡owb| Zviv MÖvgxY mf¨Zvi weKvk NwU‡qwQj| bMi bv
Movi Kvi‡Y wbw`©ó †Kvb A_©ˆbwZK KvVv‡gv Zviv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Avh© A_©bxwZ‡Z cïcvjb
I K…wl `yB‡qiB f‚wgKv wQj| Z‡e, Av‡qi g~j Drm wQj cïcvjb| ax‡i ax‡i Avh© mgv‡R Mi“
me‡P‡q g~j¨evb cï‡Z cwiYZ nq| FM&‡e‡` AmsL¨evi Mi“ kãwUi D‡j−L Av‡Q| K…wli
cÖ‡qvR‡b Mi“i msL¨v e„w× K…lK me‡P‡q †ewk cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Zv| †hv×v‡`i me‡P‡q †ewk
Avh© mgv‡R Mi“ A_©Kix †jvfbxq wRwbm wQj civwR‡Zi KvQ †_‡K Mi“ jyU Kiv| Mi“‡K †K›`ª K‡iB G‡`i AwaKvsk
m¤ú` wQj wKš‘ a‡g©i `„wó‡Z hy× evua‡Zv| FM&‡e‡` hy× kãwU bv e¨envi K‡i Zvi e`‡j e¨envi Ki‡Zv ÔMvwfw¯’Õ kãwU|
Mi“‡K cweÎ ev †`eZvÁvb Mvwfw¯’ k‡ãi A_© †Mv-A‡š^lY| Gme Kvi‡Y g‡b Kiv nq, ˆew`K hy‡M me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m¤ú`
Kiv n‡Zv bv
wQj Mi“| cy‡ivwnZivI c~Rv AP©bv K‡i bRivbv †c‡Zv Mi“| cÖvPxbKv‡j Ô†Mv-abÕ e‡j GKwU
K_vi cÖPjb wQj| ÔabÕ A_©vr A_©-Kwo ev UvKv-cqmv wn‡m‡e Mi“‡K we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv| ZvB,
ejv n‡q _v‡K gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi c~‡e© Mi“B wQj wewbg‡qi gva¨g| hw`I Avh© mgv‡R Mi“ A_©Kix
m¤ú` wQj wKš‘ a‡g©i `„wó‡Z Mi“‡K cweÎ ev †`eZvÁvb Kiv n‡Zv bv| K…wlKvR QvovI Avh©iv
Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvR‡b lvuo ev Mvfx nZ¨v Ki‡Zv| mvaviYZ: we‡kl Abyôv‡bB Avh©iv gvsm †L‡Z
cvi‡Zv| Mi“i A_©‡bwZK g~j¨ e„w× cvIqvi d‡j Mi“i cÖwZ fw³I evo‡Z _v‡K| †Mv-m¤ú`
i¶v Kivi cÖ‡qvRbI Abyfe K‡i gvbyl| Gfv‡e, cieZ©xKv‡j wn›`y mgv‡R Mi“‡K cweÎ Ávb
K‡i c~Rv Kivi ixwZ Pvjy nq|

Mi“ †hgb K…wl A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q, hy‡×i cÖ‡qvR‡b †Nvovi f‚wgKvI wQj
¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Avh©‡`i †NvovUvbv i_ †`L‡j wmÜz DcZ¨Kvi gvby‡liv AvZ¼MÖ¯— n‡q co‡Zv|
FM&‡e‡`i †k−v‡K †Nvovi D‡j−L cvIqv hvq| QvMj I †fov wQj Avh©‡`i M„ncvwjZ cï|

¶z`ª wkí
FM&‰ew`K hy‡Mi A_©bxwZ‡Z ¶z`ª wk‡íi wKQy f‚wgKv wQj| FM&‡e‡` Qy‡Zvi, i_ wbg©vZv, ZvuZx,
Pg©wkíx, g„rwkíx BZ¨vw` wewfbœ †kªYxi KvwiM‡ii D‡j−L Av‡Q| G †_‡K g‡b Kiv nq G hy‡Mi
Awaevmxiv GB me wk‡í Af¨¯— wQ‡jb| FM&‡e` †_‡K Rvbv hvq G hy‡Mi gvbyl Zvgv I †eªv‡Äi
avZz e¨envi Ki‡Z Rvb‡Zv| Z‡e e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ Zv‡`i f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© †Zgb wKQy Rvbv hvq
bv| Avh©‡`i e¯¿wkí m¤ú‡K© †ek wKQy Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| Gmgq †fovi ckg w`‡q Kvco ˆZwi
n‡Zv| ‰ew`K Avh©iv †mjvB K‡g© cUz wQj| Avh©‡`i †cvkvK m¤^‡Ü GKwU aviYv cvIqv hvq
FM&‡e‡`| GLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q Zviv wZbwU e¯¿ cwiavb Ki‡Zv- (K) bxwe (KvwUevm) (L) cwiavb
(cwi‡aq e¯¿) I (M) Awaevm ev DËixq| ck‡gi cvkvcvwk Kvc©vm I †ik‡gi e¨envi Rvb‡Zv
Avh©iv| G hy‡M cwi”Q` wn‡m‡e cïi PvgovI cÖPwjZ wQj|

g„rcvÎ
cvÄve I nwiqvbvq cÖZœZË¡we`MY gvwU Lbb K‡i †ek wKQy a~mi e‡Y©i gvwUi cvÎ †c‡q‡Qb|
mg‡qi wePv‡i G¸‡jv FM&‰ew`K hy‡Mi| FM&‡e‡` †h mg¯— A‡ji D‡j−L Av‡Q g„rcvÎmg~n †m
A‡ji †fZ‡iB cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| Gme †_‡K aviYv Kiv nq ˆew`K hy‡M g„rwk‡íi weKvk
N‡UwQj|
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
54
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wl e¨e¯’v
fviZxq Avh© mgv‡R K…wli e¨vcK DbœqY N‡UwQj| FM&‡e‡`i cÖ_gw`‡K jv½‡ji djvi K_v
D‡j−L Av‡Q| g‡b Kiv nq G jv½‡ji djv Kv‡Vi ˆZwi wQj| Pvlevm Kiv, km¨ †evbv, †mP-
e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv cÖf…wZi K_v cÖvPxb MÖ‡š’ cvIqv hvq| K…wli mv‡_ m¤úK© wQj e‡jB G mg‡q
Avh©‡`i FZz m¤ú‡K© fvj aviYv wQj| K…wl‡¶‡Î Mi“i f‚wgKvi K_v Avcbviv Av‡MB †R‡b‡Qb|
FM&‡e‡` mvay-mbœ¨vmx‡K f‚wg`vb Kivi K_v †Kv_vI D‡j−L Kiv nqwb| g‡b Kiv nq, G hy‡M
Avh©iv †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î LÛ LÛ Rwgi gvwjK wQj| Aek¨ Rwg Mi“i g‡Zv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨w³MZ
m¤úwË wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiv n‡Zv bv|

mvi-ms‡¶c FM&‰ew`K hy‡M Avh©‡`i A_©‡bwZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Rvbv hvq bv| †hUzKz Rvbv wM‡q‡Q
Zv‡Z †evSv hvq, K…wl I cïcvjb wQj Zv‡`i cÖavb A_©‡bwZK Kg©KvÛ| Mi“ wQj me‡P‡q
¸i“Z¡c~Y© m¤ú`| hy‡×i cÖ‡qvR‡b †Nvovi ¸i“Z¡I j¶ Kiv hvq| A_©bxwZi mnvqK kw³
wn‡m‡e †ek wKQy ¶z`ª wkí KviLvbvi K_v Rvbv hvq| †h‡nZz G hy‡Mi Avh©iv MÖvgxY ms¯‹…wZ
M‡o Zz‡jwQj ZvB K…wlwfwËK A_©bxwZ M‡o DVvB wQj ¯^vfvweK|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqY : 4.6

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| Avh© mgv‡R me‡P‡q g~j¨evb m¤ú` wQj−
K. Mi“|
L. †Nvov|
M. e¯¿wkí|
2| FM&‡e‡` ÔMvwfw¯’Õ kãwU e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv−
K. Mi“i e`‡j|
L. cïi e`‡j|
M. hy‡×i e`‡j|
3| cvÄv‡e cvIqv FM&‰ew`K hy‡Mi gvwUi cv‡Îi is wQj−
K. Kv‡jv|
L. jvj-Kv‡jv|
M. a~mi|
4| FM&‰ew`K hy‡M jv½‡ji djv wQj−
K. cv_‡i ˆZwi|
L. Kv‡Vi ‰Zwi|
M. †jvnvi ˆZwi|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. FM&‰ew`K hy‡M cÖavb A_©Kvix m¤ú` wn‡m‡e Mi“i Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
2. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi ¶z`ª wk‡íi Dci UxKv wjLyb|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
55

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh©‡`i ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v|

cvV 7
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ wKfv‡e ¶z`ª Rb msMV‡bi e`‡j eo ivR¨ M‡o DV‡jv Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ivRvi ¶gZv cÖwZwôZ Kivi Rb¨ wKfv‡e wewfbœ AvPvi-Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Zv Zv
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ivRKvh© cwiPvjbvi e¨vcv‡i hv Rvbv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ivR‰bwZK Rxeb : †QvU †QvU iv‡R¨i D™¢e

FM&‰ew`K hy‡Mi ci Avh©iv ax‡i ax‡i M½v b`xi AeevwnKv A‡ji w`‡K AMÖmi nq| GLv‡b
Avh© ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ ¯’vbxq ms¯‹…wZi wgkªY N‡U| G hyM m¤^‡Ü †h mg¯— m~Î †_‡K Rvbv hvq
†m¸‡jv n‡”Q - cÖ_gZ:, cieZ©xKv‡j iwPZ ˆew`K mvwnZ¨, Dcwbl`, m~Î BZ¨vw`| wØZxqZ:,
nw¯—bvcyi, Awn”QÎ I †KŠkv¤^x kn‡i cvIqv wewfbœ wRwbmcÎ †_‡K FM&‡e` cieZ©x mf¨Zvi
ivR‰bwZK Rxeb m¤ú‡K© aviYv †bqv hvq| Avcbviv †`‡L‡Qb, FM&‰ew`K hy‡M ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Rb
msMVb¸‡jv M‡o D‡VwQj| GLb GB RvZxq msMV‡bi ¸i“Z¡ K‡g Av‡m| Zvi RvqMvq ivRvi
me©gq KZ©„Z¡ cÖwZwôZ nq| FM&‰ew`K hy‡Mi ÔmfvÕ I ÔmwgwZÕ G hy‡M wU‡K _vK‡jI Zvi ¶gZv
cv‡ë †Mj| mfv-mwgwZi ZË¡veavb abx I ivRcy·`i fvj jvM‡jv bv| mfvi Awa‡ek‡b G
hy‡M gwnjv‡`i cÖ‡ek wbwl× Kiv n‡jv| mfv-mwgwZi KZ©v e¨w³ n‡jb G hy‡M AwfRvZ Ges
eªvþYiv| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M Avh© †Mvôx¸‡jv †QvU †QvU ivR¨ M‡o Zzj‡Z _v‡K| G‡`i g‡a¨
hviv kw³kvjx Zviv bZzb bZzb AÂj Rq K‡i ivR¨mxgv evov‡Z _v‡K| ivR‰bwZK H‡K¨i
cÖ‡qvR‡b KLbI KLbI Zvuiv a‡g©i mn‡hvwMZv wb‡Z _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Z _v‡K
bvbv iKg hvM h‡Ái| iv‡R¨i mxgv e„w× cvIqvq ivRvi kw³ †e‡o hvq| DcRvZxq KZ©„Z¡
mxgve× n‡q iBj †QvU †QvU A‡j| †Mvôx¸‡jvi kvmK wQ‡jb ivRv| G hy‡M cÖfvekvjx
†Mvôxi bv‡g Zv‡`i AwaK…Z A‡ji bvgKiY Kiv n‡Zv| †hgb- ÔcÂvjÕ cÖ_‡g wQj GKwU
†Mvôxi bvg c‡i cÂvj n‡jv GKwU A‡ji bvg| ivóª kãwU G hy‡MB cÖ_g †kvbv wM‡qwQj|

wewfbœ cÖKvi hvMh‡Ái Av‡qvRb

Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, ivRvi ¶gZv‡K cÖwZwôZ Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ AvPvi Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv
n‡Zv| GiKg ivRvi GKwU Abyôvb wQj ÔivRm~q hÁÕ| ejv n‡Zv G h‡Ái gva¨‡g ivRv
me©¶gZv jvf Ki‡jb| Av‡iKwU eûj cÖPwjZ hÁ wQj ÔAk¦‡ga hÁÕ| GB h‡Ái D‡Ïk¨ wQj
ivRvi ¶gZv cÖmvwiZ Kiv| ÔevR‡cqÕ e‡j GKwU cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zb ivRv| GB
i‡_i †`uŠo cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask wb‡Zb ivRv Ges GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq ivRv‡K Aek¨B Rqx evbv‡bv
n‡Zv| G mg¯— Abyôv‡bi †fZi †_‡K ivRvi cÖwZ ax‡i ax‡i gvby‡li Av¯’v I m¤§vb e„w× cvq|

wewfbœ Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM

cieZ©x ‰ew`K hy‡M ivR †KvlvMv‡i ivR¯^ Dc‡XŠKb msMÖn Kiv n‡Zv| GKRb ivRKg©Pvix
†KvlvMv‡ii ZË¡veavb Ki‡Zb| gnvKve¨¸‡jvi eY©bv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, eo eo hÁ Abyôv‡bi
ivRvi Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡Zb mgq ivRv I ivRcyÎiv gy³ nv‡Z `vb Ki‡Zb| me †kªYxi gvbyl‡K Zviv wbgš¿Y K‡i
ivRcyÎiv, ivRcy‡ivwnZ,
†mbvcwZ, eoivYx I ivR
LvIqv‡Zb| ivRvi Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡Zb ivRcyÎiv| GQvovI Zvui mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ wQ‡jb ivR
Kg©PvwiMb cy‡ivwnZ, †mbvcwZ, eo ivYx I Ab¨vb¨ KwZcq ivR Kg©Pvix| ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q kvmb e¨e¯’v
cwiPvjbvi fvi wQj MÖvgYx I mfv-mwgwZ¸‡jvi Dci| Gme wbqš¿Y Ki‡Zb cÖfvekvjx
†MvôxcwZiv| mfv-mwgwZ¸‡jv ¯’vbxqfv‡e wePviKvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zv| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M
ivRvi †Kvb ¯’vqx ˆmb¨evwnbx wQj bv| DcRvZxq evwnbx¸‡jv‡K hy‡×i mgq msNe× Kiv n‡Zv|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
56

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mvi-ms‡¶c FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh©‡`i ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v Rvbvi R‡b¨ cieZ©xKv‡j iwPZ mvwnZ¨mg~‡ni Dci
wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| mvgvb¨ hv m~Î cvIqv wM‡q‡Q Zv †_‡K eySv hvq G hy‡M Avh©iv ¶y`ª Rb
msMV‡bi e`‡j A‡c¶vK…Z eo A‡j ivR¨ M‡o Zz‡jwQj| wewfbœ AvPvi Abyôvb cvj‡bi ga¨
w`‡q ivRvi cÖwZ gvby‡li fw³ I kª×v evov‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡Zv| ivRKvh© cwiPvjbvq ivRv‡K
mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ †ek wKQy Kg©Pvix wb‡qv‡Mi K_vI Rvb‡Z cviv hvq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.7

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M cÂvj wQj−
K. GKRb ivRvi bvg|
L. GKwU a‡g©i bvg|
M. GKwU †Mvôxi bvg|
2| ÔivRm~q hÁÕ wQj−
K. AvPvi Abyôv‡bi bvg|
L. GKwU cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi bvg|
M. GKwU a‡g©i bvg|
3| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M i‡_i †`Šo cÖwZ‡hvwMZv‡K ejv n‡Zv−
K. ivRm~q hÁ|
L. Ak¦‡ga hÁ|
M. evR‡cq|
4| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M ivRvi−
K. †Kvb ˆmb¨evwnbx wQj bv|
L. ¯’vqx ˆmb¨evwnbx wQj|
M. ¯’vqx ˆmb¨evwnbx wQj bv|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. FM&‡e` cieZ©xKv‡j ivRvi ¶gZv cÖwZwôZ Kivi Rb¨ wK wK AvPvi Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv
n‡Zv Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh©‡`i ivRKvh© cwiPvjbv m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
57

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK Ae¯’v|

cvV 8
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh© mgv‡R eY©cÖ_vi Ae¯’vb †Kgb wQj Zv we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh© mgv‡R †g‡q‡`i Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh© mgv‡Ri Ô†MvÎÕ I ÔAvkªgÕ cÖ_v m¤^‡Ü weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
eY© cÖ_v t Pvi e‡Y©i gvbyl‡`i Ae¯’vb
FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh© mgv‡Ri MV‡b Av‡m cwieZ©b| FM&‡e` hy‡M eY©cÖ_v mgv‡R Lye AíB †`Lv
wM‡q‡Q e‡j Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ ax‡i ax‡i eY©‡f` cÖ_v ¯úó n‡Z _v‡K|
eskvbyµwgK †ckvRxex m¤úÖ`vq¸‡jvi DÌvb N‡U| cy‡ivwnZ Ges AwfRvZ m¤úÖ`v‡qi RxweKv G
mgq eskMZ n‡q c‡o| RxweKvi wfwˇZ ‰ek¨ I k~`ªivI wef³ n‡Z _v‡K| G hy‡Mi mgv‡Ri
G hy‡Mi mgv‡Ri gvbyl PviwU gvbyl PviwU e‡Y© wef³ n‡q c‡o| G¸‡jv n‡”Q - eªv²Y, ¶wÎq, ˆek¨ I k~`ª| G hy‡Mi mgv‡R
e‡Y© wef³ n‡q c‡o| G¸‡jv ag©xq AvPvi Abyôvb h‡_ó RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡iwQj| Avi ag©xq Abyôvb cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡
n‡”Q - eªv²Y, ¶wÎq, ˆek¨ I eªvþ‡Yi nv‡Z _vKvq G hy‡Mi eªvþY‡`i ¶gZv cÖPzi e„w× cvq| Avh© mgv‡Ri cÖ_gw`‡K ag©
k~`ª
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb hvRK †kªYxi msL¨v wQj †lvjwU| ax‡i ax‡i evwK c‡biwU hvRK
†kªYx‡K wcQ‡b †d‡j †i‡L ag© cwiPvjbvi cÖavb cy‡ivwnZ n‡q c‡o eªvþYiv| K…wlKvR msµvš—
Drme Abyôv‡b cÖavb cy‡ivwn‡Zi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb eªvþY| ivRv hv‡Z hy‡× Rqjvf Ki‡Z
¶wÎqiv ivR‰bwZK I cv‡ib Zvi Rb¨ eªvþY cÖv_©bv Ki‡Zb| wewbg‡q ivRv‡K GKwU A½xKvi Ki‡Z n‡Zv †h, wZwb
mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ jvf Ki‡Zb| eªvþY‡`i †KvbiKg ¶wZ Ki‡eb bv| Avh© mgv‡R Pvi e‡Y©i †h wefvRb Av‡m Zv‡Z eªvþY Qvov
ˆek¨iv e¨emv-evwYR¨ I
K…wlKvR K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn Ab¨vb¨‡`i f~wgKvi e¨vcviwUI ¯úófv‡e †`Lv hvq cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi mgv‡R| G hy‡M
Ki‡Zb ¶wÎqiv ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ jvf Ki‡Zb| ˆek¨iv e¨emv-evwYR¨ I K…wlKvR K‡i
RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Zb| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M ˆek¨ivB wQj GKgvÎ †kªYx hv‡`i ivR¯^ w`‡Z n‡Zv
Ges GB ivR‡¯^i Dci wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb ¶wÎqiv| ¶wÎq‡`i Kv‡Q ˆek¨iv hv‡Z c`vbZ _v‡K
†mRb¨ GB hy‡M K‡qKwU AvPvi Abyôvb cÖPwjZ wQj| Dwj−wLZ wZbwU D”P e‡Y©i GKwU mvaviY
ˆewkó¨ wQj| GB wZb e‡Y©i gvby‡liv Dcbqb ev ˆcZv co‡Z cvi‡Zb| G AwaKvi k~`ª‡`i wQj
mvgvwRK I ag©xq †¶‡Î k~‡`ªi bv| Z‡e, GK_v gvb‡Z n‡e †h cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi mgv‡R eY©‡f` cÖ_v †Zgb mywbw`©ó AvKvi
†Zgb †Kvb gh©v`vi Avmb aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB, wewfbœ e‡Y©i g‡a¨ ZLbI we‡q kv`x cÖ_v Pvjz wQj| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI
wQj bv †Kvb ¶wÎq G hy‡M eªvþ‡Yi e`‡j hvM-hÁ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb Ges †e` cvV Ki‡Zb| Z‡e,
mvgvwRK I ag©xq †¶‡Î k~‡`ªi †Zgb †Kvb gh©v`vi Avmb wQj bv| ï`ª m¤^‡Ü e³e¨ cvIqv hvq
ÔHZ‡iq eªvþYÕ MÖ‡š’| †mLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q k~`ª A‡b¨i `vm, hLb B”Qv Zv‡K Zvwo‡q †`qv hvq
ev nZ¨v Kiv hvq| ax‡i ax‡i eY©¸‡jv wewfbœ es‡k wPwýZ n‡q c‡o| Avi Zvi djvdj wnmv‡e
wewfbœ e‡Y©i g‡a¨ we‡q wbwl× n‡q hvq| †e` cvV Ges ag© K‡g© cy‡ivwn‡Zi f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib
†e` cvV Ges ag© K‡g©
eªvþYiv| Ôm~ÎÕ MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z eY©‡f` cÖ_vi weeZ©‡bi g~j¨evb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| ÔgbymswnZvÕ-q
cy‡ivwn‡Zi f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡ib eªvþYiv D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q- wKfv‡e eªvþY‡`i DÌvb N‡U Ges eY©cÖ_vi K‡VviZv Av‡ivwcZ nq| k~`ª‡`i
M„n¯’vwj Kv‡R Ask MÖn‡Yi ¯^xK…wZ wQj| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avh© mgv‡R k~`ª‡`i Ae¯’v AviI
Lvivc n‡q hvq| Ab¨ e‡Y©i †jv‡Kiv Zv‡`i Qyu‡j AcweÎ n‡e Ggb weavbI Rvwi Kiv nq|
A_©vr mgvR weavb Abyhvqx D”Pe‡Y©i gvby‡liv wQj ÔcweÎÕ| AcweÎ k~`ª‡`i Qvqv gvov‡j RvZ
hv‡e Zv‡`i| Gi d‡j †QvuqvQuywqi †`vl mgvR‡K KjywlZ K‡i|
mgv‡R †g‡q‡`i Ae¯’vb
FM&‡e` cieZ©x hy‡Mi Avh© mgv‡R †g‡q‡`i †Zgb gh©v`v †`qv n‡Zv bv| Kb¨v mš—vb Rb¥
ag©kv‡¯¿i cwÊZ ÔgbyÕ| Zvui nIqv‡K Awfkvc g‡b Kiv n‡Zv| GB mg‡qi Ab¨Zg weavbKZ©v wQ‡jb ag©kv‡¯¿i cwÊZ ÔgbyÕ|
g‡Z, bvix‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e
Zvui g‡Z, bvix‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e emevm Ki‡Z †`qv AbywPZ| evj¨Kv‡j †g‡q‡`i cvjb Ki‡e
emevm Ki‡Z †`qv AbywPZ
wcZv, †hŠe‡b ¯^vgx, Avi ey‡ov eq‡m cyÎ| Z‡e GB hy‡MI bvix‡`i wk¶v MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM wQj|
†KD †KD wk¶v †¶‡Î L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, G hy‡Mi kv¯¿ PP©vq
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
58
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

G hy‡M ivRv I abx †kªYxi

L¨vwZjvf K‡iwQ‡jb MvM©x I ˆg‡Îqx bv‡gi `yB gwnjv| G hy‡M ivRv I abx †kªYxi cyi“‡liv eû
cyi“‡liv eû weevn Ki‡Z weevn Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| mgv‡R GKw`‡K evj¨weev‡ni cÖPjb wQj; Ab¨w`‡K, wbwl× wQj weaev
cvi‡Zb weevn| bvixiv DËivwaKvi m~‡Î m¤úwË jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv|

†MvÎ I Avkªg cÖ_v

cieZ©x FM&‡e` hy‡M †MvÎ cÖ_vi D™¢e N‡UwQj| Av¶wiK A‡_© Ô†MvÎÕ k‡ãi A_© wQj Mi“i
ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ PviwU Avkª‡gi †Lvqvo| wKš‘, cieZ©xKv‡j †MvÎ ej‡Z GKB c~e©-cyi“‡li DËivwaKvix‡`i wPwýZ Kiv n‡Z
D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q
_v‡K| GK †MvÎ †_‡K Ab¨ †Mv‡Î hvIqvi †Zgb evuav wQj bv| Z‡e, GKB †Mv‡Îi `yÕR‡bi
eªþPvix (QvÎ), M„n¯’, evYcÖ¯’
I mbœ¨vm g‡a¨ we‡q wQj wbwl×| FM&ˆew`K hy‡M Avkªg cÖ_v m¤^‡Ü †Zgb wKQy Rvbv hvqwb| wKš‘, cieZ©x
ˆew`K hy‡M Avgiv Avkªg cÖ_v m¤^‡Ü aviYv cvB| ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ PviwU Avkª‡gi D‡j−L i‡q‡Q|
G¸‡jv n‡”Q eªþPvix (QvÎ), M„n¯’, evYcÖ¯’ I mbœ¨vm|
cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi gvby‡li †cvkvK Ges Lv`¨ m¤ú‡K© wKQy aviYv cvIqv hvq ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨|
Rvbv hvq, G hy‡Mi Zzjv I ckgx e¯¿ Avh©‡`i †cvkvK wQj| bvix-cyi“l Df‡qB Aj¼vi e¨envi
Ki‡Zv| Aj¼vi cÖavbZ: ¯^Y© w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv n‡Zv| G hy‡M Avh©‡`i Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq wQj `y‡ai
bbx, kvK-mwâ, dj I gvsm BZ¨vw`|

mvi-ms‡¶c FM&‡e`-cieZ©x Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© †m hy‡Mi mvwnZ¨ †_‡K aviYv jvf Kiv
hvq| G mg‡q Avh© mgv‡Ri ¸i“Z¡c~Y© w`K wQj eY© cÖ_vi Ae¯’vb| Pvi e‡Y© wef³ n‡q
c‡owQj mgvR| †ckvi wePv‡i Gfv‡e mgvR‡K wef³ Kiv n‡qwQj| Ab¨w`‡K, wcZ…Zvwš¿K
Avh© mgv‡R bvixi Ae¯’vb wbæ ch©v‡q †b‡g Av‡m| mgv‡R wewfbœ AvPvi-Abyôvb e„w× †c‡Z
_v‡K|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.8

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| Avh© mgv‡Ri cÖ_g w`‡K ag© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv−
K. 4 wU hvRK †kªYx|
L. 15 wU hvRK †kªYx|
M. 16 wU hvRK †kªYx|
2| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M ivRv‡K ivR¯^ w`‡Z n‡Zv−
K. ¶wÎq‡`i|
L. ˆek¨‡`i|
M. k~`ª‡`i|
3| k~`ª‡`i m¤^‡Ü cÖ_g aviYv cvIqv hvq−
K. Ôm~ÎÕ MÖ‡š’|
L. gbymswnZvq|
M. HZ‡iq eªv²‡Y|
4| ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ ÔevYcÖ¯’Õ ej‡Z †evSvq−
K. GKwU ag©MÖš’|
L. GKwU Avkªg|
M. GKwU Kve¨MÖš’|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh© mgv‡Ri eY© cÖ_v m¤^‡Ü aviYv w`b|
2. Avh© mvgv‡R †g‡q‡`i Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj eY©bv Ki“b|
3. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi †MvÎ I Avkªg cÖ_v m¤^‡Ü msw¶ß UxKv wjLyb|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
59

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh©‡`i ag©xq Ae¯’v

cvV 9
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi †`eZv‡`i K_v ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi a‡g© †h mg¯— hvMhÁ cvjb Kiv n‡Zv Zvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi Avkªg cÖ_v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †`eZv

cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi eªvþY‡`i cÖfv‡e ˆew`K ms¯‹…wZi cÖavb †K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq D”P †`vqve
AÂj| G mg‡q cÖPzi AvPvi-Abyôvb I ag©xq AvPiYwewa j¶ Kiv hvq| †mB mv‡_ bZzb bZzb
†`eZv‡`i aviYvI cÖKvk †c‡Z _v‡K| FM-‰ew`K hy‡M Avcbviv `yÕRb cÖavb †`eZvi K_v
†R‡b‡Qb| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M G‡m ÔB›`ªÕ I ÔAwMœÕ GB `yB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †`eZv Zuv‡`i ¸i“Z¡
nvwi‡q †d‡jb| G hy‡M me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †`eZv nb ÔcÖRvcwZÕ| GKB mv‡_ FM&‡e` hy‡Mi Kg
¸i“Z¡c~Y© KwZcq †`eZv mvg‡bi mvwi‡Z G‡m `vuovb| †hgb- cïivR Ôi“`ªÕ cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M
we‡kl gh©v`v †c‡qwQ‡jb| weòz wQ‡jb mvaviY gvby‡li i¶vKZ©v| G hy‡M g~wZ© c~Rvi ¸i“Z¡
A‡bK e„w× cvq| Pvi e‡Y© wef³ mgv‡R cÖwZ e‡Y©i wbR¯^ †`eZv wQj e‡j Abygvb Kiv nq|
cïcvjK †`eZv Ôc~lYÕ wQ‡jb G hy‡M k~`ª‡`i †`eZv|

ÔM„n¨Õ I Ô†kªŠZÕ hÁ
cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M AvPvi Abyôvb I hvMhÁ h‡_ó e„w× cvq| FM&‡e‡`i hy‡Mi gZ G hy‡MI
h‡Á mKvj I mܨvq, c~wY©gv- hÁ¸‡jv `yÕ‡Uv †kªYx‡Z wef³ wQj| G¸‡jv n‡”Q ÔM„n¨Õ I Ô†kªŠZÕ| M„n¨ m~‡Î cieZ©xKv‡j †ek
Agvem¨vq AvûwZ `vb wQj wKQy hÁ Abyôvb msKwjZ Kiv nq| h‡Á mKvj I mܨvq, c~wY©gv-Agvem¨vq AvûwZ `vb wQj
M„n‡¯’i cÖwZw`‡bi KvR M„n‡¯’i cÖwZw`‡bi KvR| Avevi Rb¥, we‡q, g„Zz¨, M„n wbg©vY, cïPviY, K…wlKg© BZ¨vw` wel‡qi
mv‡_I hvMhÁ cvjb Kiv n‡Zv| Gme c~Rvq †Kvb cy‡ivwn‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Zv bv| M„n¯’ wb‡RB
Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| Aciw`‡K, †kªŠZ hÁ wQj †ek GKUz RwUj| Gme h‡Ái Rb¨ wekvj
Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Zv| A‡bK cy‡ivwn‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Zv Gme Abyôv‡bi Rb¨|

ewj`vb cÖ_v
ˆew`K hy‡M cÖvq 40 wU ag©xq ms¯‹v‡ii K_v Rvbv hvq| ejv n‡Zv, hvMh‡Ái cvkvcvwk G hy‡M
wbR©b ¯’v‡b kvixwiK Kó ¯^xKvi K‡i a¨vb Kivi gva¨‡g mvdj¨ jvf Kiv hv‡e| Ab¨w`‡K ¯^M©
gš¿ cv‡Vi cvkvcvwk G hy‡M
cvIqvi c_I Ly‡j hv‡e| Z‡e, cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©iv cÖavbZ: RvMwZK jv‡fi Rb¨B c~Rv
ewj`vb cÖ_v ¸i“Z¡ cvq
AP©bv Ki‡Zv| cÖv_©bv Kivi c×wZ‡ZI wKQy cwieZ©b Av‡m G hy‡M, gš¿ cv‡Vi cvkvcvwk G
hy‡M ewj`vb cÖ_v ¸i“Z¡ cvq| N‡ii †fZ‡i ev evB‡i ewj`vb cÖ_v Pvjy wQj| Lye eo gv‡ci †h
mg¯— ewj`vb Abyôvb n‡Zv †mLv‡b ivRvmn wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi †jvK Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Zb| e¨w³MZ
ewj`v‡bi Abyôvb¸‡jvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Zv M„n‡¯’i evwo‡Z| mvaviYfv‡e cï ewj †`qv n‡Zv|

PZzivkªg t Rb¥vš—iev` I Kg©ev`

cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M PviwU cÖ_v ev Avkªg cvj‡bi K_v ejv nq| G¸‡jv PZzivkªg bv‡g cwiwPZ|
cÖ_g Avkªg n‡”Q ÔeªþPh©Õ| GB Avkª‡g wk¶v_©x ¸i“M„‡n wM‡q wk¶vMÖnY Ki‡Zv| wØZxq Avkªg‡K
ejv nq ÔMvn©¯’¨Õ| A_©vr we‡q K‡i msmvi ag© cvjb Kiv| Z…Zxq Avkªg n‡”Q mvwË¡K Rxeb cvjb
Kiv| G‡Z †evSvq msmvi Z¨vM K‡i mg¯— Avb›` wemR©b w`‡q mgvR †_‡K `~‡i wM‡q
Rxebhvcb Kiv| PZz_© Avkªg n‡”Q mbœ¨vm| mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ †kl K‡i GB Avkªgevmx mbœ¨vm
Rxeb cvjb K‡i| Z‡e, GB PZzivkªg cÖavbZ: D”Pwe‡Ëi gvby‡li g‡a¨B cÖPwjZ wQj| GB
ai‡Yi Avkªg cvj‡bi mv‡_ A‡_©i cÖkœ RvwoZ wQj| g„Zz¨ cieZ©x Rxeb wb‡q G mgq wPš—v-
fvebv ïi“ nq| g‡b Kiv n‡Zv g„Zz¨i c‡iI Rxeb Av‡Q| ci‡jv‡K cvcxiv cv‡e kvw¯— Avi
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
60
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cyY¨evb‡`i †`qv n‡e cyi¯‹vi| GB aviYv †_‡KB Avh© mgv‡R Rb¥vš—iev‡`i cÖPjb nq|
c~e©R‡b¥i Kg©dj Abyhvqx AvÍ
v
ciR‡b¥i myL A_ev `y:L †fvM c~e©R‡b¥i Kg©dj Abyhvqx AvÍ
v ciR‡b¥i myL A_ev `y:L †fvM Ki‡e| G aviYv †_‡K ÔKg©ev‡`iÕ
Ki‡e| G aviYv †_‡K Rb¥ nq| Kg©ev‡`i aviYv RvwZ‡f` cÖ_v‡K mg_©b K‡iwQj| wek¦vm g‡Z, Kg©d‡ji Kvi‡Y †KD
ÔKg©ev‡`iÕ Rb¥ nq D”Pe‡Y© Avi †KD wbæ e‡Y© Rb¥ †bq| GRb¨B gvbyl ciR‡b¥ fvj _vKvi Avkvq wewfbœ AvPvi
Abyôvb cvjb K‡i _v‡K|

mvi-ms‡¶c FM&‡e` hy‡Mi †P‡q cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi ag©xq KvVv‡gv wKQyUv wfbœ wQj| G hy‡Mi cÖavb
†`eZviv FM&‡e` hy‡Mi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae¯’v‡b wQ‡jb bv| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi a‡g© bvbviKg
AvPvi-AvPiY cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avo¤^ic~Y© hvMhÁ j¶ Kiv hvq| G mg¯— hvMh‡Ái
†KvbwU ¶z`ª Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g Kiv n‡Zv| Avevi †KvbwU cvjb Kiv n‡Zv wekvj Abyôv‡bi
gva¨‡g| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M Avkªg cÖ_vi weKvk N‡U| mgv‡R PzZivkª‡gi Dcw¯’wZ G hy‡Mi
a‡g©i GKwU eo cwiPq wQj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.9

ˆbe©¨w³ cÖkœ
1| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †`eZv n‡”Qb−
K. B›`ª|
L. cÖRvcwZ|
M. i“`ª|
2| M„n¨ I †kªŠZ n‡”Q−
K. h‡Ái bvg|
L. M„n‡¯’i Kv‡Ri bvg|
M. Abyôv‡bi bvg|
3| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©iv c~Rv Ki‡Zv cÖavbZ−
K. ivRv‡K mš‘ó Kivi Rb¨|
L. ¯^M© cvIqvi Rb¨|
M. RvMwZK jv‡fi Rb¨|
4| eª²Ph© Avkª‡gi A_© n‡”Q−
K. we‡q K‡i msmvi ag© cvjb Kiv|
L. mbœ¨vm ag© cvjb Kiv|
M. wk¶v_©xi ¸i“M„‡n wM‡q wk¶v MÖnY Kiv|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi a‡g© wK wK hvMhÁ cvjb Kiv n‡Zv? Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi Avkªg cÖ_v m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`b|
3. ewjcÖ_v m¤^‡Ü GKwU UxKv wjLyb|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
61

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

FM&‡e` cieZ©x Avh©‡`i A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v

cvV 10
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi A_©bxwZ‡Z †jŠn-hy‡Mi f‚wgKv wK Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi A_©bxwZ‡Z K…wli f‚wgKv wK Zv we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi ¶z`ª wkí cÖwZôv‡bi f‚wgKv wK wQj Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M mvaviY gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†jvnvi e¨envi
fvi‡Z †jvnvi e¨envi wLª÷c~e© 1000 Aã †_‡K ïi“ n‡qwQj e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| G mg‡qi
mgvwa¯’‡j g„Z‡`‡ni cv‡k A‡bK †jvnvi wRwbmcÎ cvIqv †M‡Q| G ai‡Yi †jvnvi `ªe¨ cvIqv
fvi‡Z †jvnvi e¨envi †M‡Q †ejywP¯—v‡b, c~e© cvÄv‡e, ivR¯’v‡b I cwðg-DËi cÖ‡`‡k| aviYv Kiv nq, Avh©iv †jvnvi
wLª÷c~e© 1000 Aã †_‡K ïi“
n‡qwQj e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv hvq
ˆZwi A‡¯¿i mvnv‡h¨ Abvh©‡`i civwRZ K‡iwQj| †jvnvi ˆZwi KzVvi w`‡q Zviv b`x Zx‡ii
ebf‚wg cwi®‹vi K‡i Zv K…wl‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| ˆew`K MÖ‡š’ Gme avZzi e¨env‡ii K_v Rvbv
hvq|

hw`I, †jvnvi ˆZwi K…wl miÄvg Lye GKUv cvIqv hvqwb| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M K…wlKv‡R †jvnv
¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q| ˆew`K MÖ‡š’ lvu‡o Uvbv jv½‡ji D‡j−L Av‡Q| aviYv Kiv nq, GB
jv½‡ji djv †jvnv w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv n‡Zv| Gfv‡e, †jvnvi e¨envi cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi
A_©bxwZi wfwË ˆZwi K‡iwQj|

K…wlwfwËK A_©bxwZ
ˆew`K mf¨Zvq A_©bxwZ K…wl †Kw›`ªK wQj| G mg‡q Kv‡Vi ˆZwi jv½j w`‡q Rwg Pvl n‡Zv|
Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb, Gme jv½‡ji djv wQj †jvnvi ˆZwi Ges Zv lvuo w`‡q Uvbv‡bv n‡Zv|
cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi GB Pvl c×wZ K…wl Drcv`b e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| b`x-Zx‡ii gvwU wQj
ˆew`K mf¨Zvq A_©bxwZ K…wl
†Kw›`ªK wQj big| ZvB Gme jv½j w`‡h Pvl Kiv wQj Lye mnR| Avcbviv cvV- 9 G †R‡b‡Qb ewj`vb cÖ_v
cÖPwjZ _vKvq A‡bK Mevw` cï aŸsm n‡qwQj| Z‡e, K…wlKvR †h A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖfve
†d‡jwQj Zv eySv hvq ÔkZc_ eªvþYÕ MÖš’ †_‡K| GB MÖ‡š’ K…wlKvR msµvš— wewfbœ AvPvi
Abyôv‡bi D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| cÖvPxb Mí Kvwnbx Abymv‡i we‡`n-i ivRv I mxZvi wcZv ÔRbKÕ
jv½‡j nvZ jvwM‡qwQ‡jb| †evSv hvq, †m hy‡M ivRv I ivRcyÎ ivI K…wlKv‡R kªg w`‡Zb|
cieZ©xKv‡j Aek¨ D”P e‡Y©i †jvK‡`i jv½j Uvbv wbwl× wQj|

cÖavb Lv`¨km¨ ÔMgÕ

FM&‰ew`K hy‡M gvby‡li cÖavb Drcv`b wQj evwj©| cvkvcvwk avb I Mg Drcvw`Z n‡Zv| cieZ©x
ˆew`K MÖ‡š’, avb‡K †jLv ˆew`K hy‡M cvÄve I cwðg DËi cÖ‡`‡ki Awaevmx‡`i cÖavb Lv`¨ n‡q `vuovq Mg| †`vqve
n‡Zv ÔweªwnÕ A‡j n‡Z _v‡K avb| ˆew`K MÖ‡š’, avb‡K †jLv n‡Zv ÔweªwnÕ| ag©xq AvPvi Abyôv‡b M‡gi
e`‡j Pvj e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| Gme Z_¨ †_‡K g‡b Kiv nq cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi gvbyl cÖavbZ
K…wlRxex wQj|

wewfbœ ¶z`ª wk‡íi weKvk t bM‡ii D™¢e

mgv‡R Kg©Kvi, m~Îai, Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, ˆew`K mf¨Zvq A_©bxwZ wQj K…wlwfwËK| wKš‘, cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M ax‡i
¯^Y©Kvi, Kzgvi cÖf…wZ †ckvi ax‡i kni M‡o DV‡j wKQy wkí cÖwZôv‡bi weKvk j¶ Kiv hvq| ckg I Zzjvi e¯¿ eqb wQj
†jv‡Ki Ae¯’vb wQj cÖavb wkíKg©| mgv‡R Kg©Kvi, m~Îai, ¯^Y©Kvi, Kzgvi cÖf…wZ †ckvi †jv‡Ki Ae¯’vb wQj|
A_©vr, cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi A_©bxwZ‡Z wewfbœ wkí `ª‡e¨i f‚wgKv wQj| G hy‡M gwnjvivB
mvaviYZ: ZvuZ †evbvi KvR Ki‡Zv| e¯¿ eqb wk‡íi ¸i“Z¡ µ‡g Lye e„w× cvq| Pg©wkí I KvV
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
62
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wk‡íiI e¨vcK weKvk N‡UwQj| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M Pvi ai‡Yi gvwUi cvÎ ˆZwi n‡Zv| Kv‡jv-
jvj cvÎ, Kv‡jv cvÎ, a~mi is-Gi AvuKv cvÎ Ges jvj cvÎ| jvj gvwUi ˆZwi cvÎ GB hy‡Mi
gvby‡li Kv‡Q me‡P‡q RbwcÖq wQj Ges cwðg-DËi cÖ‡`‡ki cÖvq me©Î GB ai‡Yi cvÎ cvIqv
G hy‡M Ôwb®‹Õ bv‡g GK cÖKvi †M‡Q| me‡P‡q AvKl©Yxq wQj a~mi e‡Y©i cvθ‡jv| G¸‡jvi Mv‡q wPÎ A¼b Kiv n‡Zv|
¯^Y©gy`ªv cÖPwjZ wQj Avwe®‹…Z GB mg¯— wb`k©b Ges ˆew`K MÖš’ †_‡K †gvUvgywU aviYv †bqv hvq †h, GB hy‡M KvwiMwi
wk‡íi h‡_ó DbœwZ n‡qwQj| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i cÖmvi N‡U|
b`xc‡_ PjvP‡ji Rb¨ †bŠKv e¨envi Kiv nq| cieZ©x ˆew`K A_©bxwZ `vm kª‡gi Dci
wbf©ikxj wQj bv| G hy‡M Ôwb®‹Õ bv‡g GK cÖKvi ¯^Y©gy`ªv cÖPwjZ wQj| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi
†klw`‡K bMi M‡o D‡VwQj e‡j mvwn‡Z¨i m~Î †_‡K Rvbv hvq| G hy‡Mi bMi‡K m¤ú~Y© bq-
ei Avav bMi ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ mgy`ª I mgy`ª hvÎvi eY©bv Av‡Q| Abygvb Kiv
nq G hy‡M e¨emv-evwYR¨ Pj‡Zv Ges Zvi d‡j KvwiMwi wk‡íi weKvk NUv m¤¢e n‡qwQj|

mvaviY gvby‡li A_©‡bwZK Rxeb

cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi mvaviY gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤^‡Ü Lye mvgvb¨B aviYv cvIqv hvq|
ZeyI, Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq mvaviY gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi h‡_ó DbœwZ
Rxebe¨e¯’vi cÖavb Drm nq n‡qwQj G hy‡M| FM&‰ew`K hy‡Mi cïcvjb wfwËK mgv‡R cwieZ©b Av‡m| Zvi e`‡j gvby‡li
K…wlKvR| Gfv‡e Avav Rxebe¨e¯’vi cÖavb Drm nq K…wlKvR| Gfv‡e Avav hvhvei Avh©‡`i Rxe‡b Av‡m ¯’vwqZ¡| K…wl
hvhvei Avh©‡`i Rxe‡b Av‡m I wkíKjvi DbœwZi ga¨ w`‡q †h mg„w× Av‡m Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i mgZj f~wg‡Z Zviv
¯’vwqZ¡
¯’vqxfv‡e emevm ïi“ K‡i †`q| K…lKiv hv Drcv`b Ki‡Zv Zv Zv‡`i fiY-†cvl‡Yi Rb¨
h‡_ó wQj| Z‡e, ivRv I cy‡ivwnZ‡`i Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z wM‡q Zv‡`i nv‡Z Lye GKUv DØ„Ë dmj
_vK‡Zv bv|

mvi-msÁïc cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v wQj FM&‡ew`K hyM †_‡K wKQyUv wfbœ| G hy‡M †jvnvi
e¨envi nIqvq K…wl‡¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivLv m¤¢e nq| †jvnvi djv jv½‡j e¨envi Kivq
Rwg Pv‡l MwZ m„wó nq| Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq GB cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y cïcvjK Avh©iv K…wl
mf¨Zvi ga¨ w`‡q ¯’vqx Rxeb M‡o Zzj‡Z _v‡K| K…wl QvovI wewfbœ wk‡íi weKvk N‡U
cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M| Gm‡ei ga¨ w`‡q G hy‡Mi gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vq Av‡m bZzb MwZ|
wkí cÖwZôv‡bi weKvk, e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i DbœwZ-G m‡ei Kvi‡Y D™¢e NU‡Z _v‡K bM‡ii|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.10

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| fvi‡Z †jvnvi e¨envi ïi“ n‡qwQj−
K. wLª÷c~e© 1000 Aã †_‡K|
L. wLª÷c~e© 2000 Aã †_‡K|
M. 2000 wLª÷vã †_‡K|
2| we‡`n-i ivRvi bvg−
K. kZc_ eªv²Y|
L. RbK|
M. weªwn|
3| cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M ZvuZ †evbvi KvR KiZ cÖavbZ−
K. ˆek¨iv|
L. cyi“liv|
M. gwnjviv|
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
63
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

4| Ôwb®‹Õ n‡”Q−
L. av‡bi Aci bvg|
L. ¯^Y©gy`ªvi bvg|
M. GKwU h‡Ái bvg|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M K…wli Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj Zv eY©bv Ki“b|
2. cieZ©x ‰ew`K hy‡Mi A_©bxwZ‡Z †jŠn hy‡Mi f‚wgKv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
3. cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M wewfbœ wk‡íi D™¢e m¤^‡Ü eY©bv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
64

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ˆew`K ms¯‹…wZ we¯—vi|

cvV 11
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ fvi‡Zi wewfbœ A‡j wKfv‡e ˆew`K ms¯‹…wZ Qwo‡q c‡owQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ivgvqY gnvfvi‡Zi KvwnYx ga¨ w`‡q ˆew`K mf¨Zv we¯—v‡ii m~Î we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ‰ew`K hy‡Mi avZz ms¯‹…wZi weKvk m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
ivRv ÔRbKÕ Gi f‚wgKv
‰ew`K mf¨Zvi †klw`‡K Avh©iv ivR¨ we¯—v‡i g‡bv‡hvM †`q| µ‡g c~e© I `w¶Y w`‡K Zv‡`i
cÖfve we¯—…Z n‡Z _v‡K| bZzb ivR¨ ¯’vwcZ nq †Kvkj I Kvkx A‡j| AviI GKwU cÖfvekvjx
iv‡R¨i bvg wQj we‡`n| we‡`n-i ivRv wQ‡jb RbK| RbK mbœ¨vmx, ch©UK I `vk©wbK‡`i
mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| Zvu‡`i mv‡_ ag©xq Av‡jvPbvq ivRv RbKI Ask MÖnY Ki‡Zb| Rb‡Ki
gM‡ai c~e©w`‡K AvaywbK iv‡R¨i Aemvb N‡U †MŠZg ey‡×i Avwef©v‡ei c~‡e©| Gfv‡e, Zvui ivRavbx kni wgw_jvi ¸i“Z¡
evsjvi mxgvbvq ÔA½Õ bv‡g
GKwU ¶z`ª ivR¨ wQj| G mgq †jvc cvq| ivRv Rb‡Ki c„ô‡cvlKZv cvIqv mbœ¨vmx I `vk©wbKMY ˆew`K ms¯‹…wZ cÖPv‡i
Avh© mf¨Zvi evB‡i wQj A½, ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb| we‡`n-i `w¶‡Y wQj gMa AÂj| ZLbI gMa m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
e½ I Avmvg Avh©‡`i cÖfvevax‡b Av‡mwb| gM‡ai c~e©w`‡K AvaywbK evsjvi mxgvbvq ÔA½Õ bv‡g GKwU ¶z`ª
ivR¨ wQj| G mgq Avh© mf¨Zvi evB‡i wQj A½, e½ I Avmvg|
Avh©iv gvje bv‡gi ¯’v‡b emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i Ges Zv‡`i hvZvqvZ cÖmvwiZ nq bg©`v AÂj ch©š—|
GLv‡b wQj ÔgwnlgwZÕ bv‡g GK weL¨vZ kni| aviYv Kiv nq, DËi-cwðg `vw¶Yv‡Z¨i
Askmg~‡n Avh©‡`i cÖfve c‡o| fvi‡Zi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cÖvavb¨ we¯—vi Ki‡Z wM‡q Zviv Zv‡`i
Avw` evm¯’v‡bi K_v fz‡j hvq|
ivgvqY I gnvfviZ
hy‡M hy‡M ivgvqY I
cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi †klw`‡K iwPZ nq ivgvqY I gnvfviZ bv‡g `yB gnvKve¨| ivgvq‡Yi g~j
gnvfvi‡Zi Kvwnbx‡Z iPwqZv wnmv‡e Kwe evwj¥Kxi bvg Kiv nq| gnvfvi‡Zi iPwqZv wnmv‡e ejv nq Kwe e¨v‡mi
cwieZ©b I ms‡hvRb Kiv bvg| Z‡e, cwÊZ‡`i g‡Z, gnvKve¨ `yÕ‡Uv †Kvb GK wbw`©ó hy‡M iwPZ nqwb| ZvB iPwqZvI
n‡q‡Q wbw`©ó †Kvb Kwe bb| hy‡M hy‡M ivgvqY I gnvfvi‡Zi Kvwnbx‡Z cwieZ©b I ms‡hvRb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| i‡gkP›`ª gRyg`v‡ii g‡Z, wLª÷xq Z…Zxq I PZz_© kZvãxi ci gnvKve¨ `yÕ‡Uv eZ©gvb
AvaywbKKv‡ji BwZnvmwe`
iƒ‡c wjwLZ n‡q‡Q| aviYv Kiv nq G mg‡qiI Qqk A_ev AvUk eQi Av‡M gnvKve¨ `yÕ‡Uv
†ivwgjv _vcvi g‡b K‡ib, wjwLZ n‡qwQj| AvaywbKKv‡ji BwZnvmwe` †ivwgjv _vcvi g‡b K‡ib, ivgvqY-gnvfviZ wjwLZ
ivgvqY-gnvfviZ wjwLZ n‡q‡Q 1000 wLª÷c~e©vã †_‡K 700 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi g‡a¨| gnvfvi‡Z D‡j−L Av‡Q †h, cvÛe I
n‡q‡Q 1000 wLª÷c~e©vã †_‡K †KŠie e‡j `yÕ‡Uv RvwZ wQj; hv‡`i ivRavbx wQj nw¯—bvcyi| nw¯—bvcy‡i cÖZœZvwË¡KMY LbbKvh©
700 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi g‡a¨ Pvwj‡q‡Qb| GLv‡b cÖvß `ªe¨ mvgMÖx †_‡K Zuv‡`i Abygvb gnvfvi‡Zi Kzi“‡¶Î hy× msNwUZ
n‡qwQj wLª÷c~e© 900 A‡ã|

ivgvqY Abymi‡Y Avh© mf¨Zvi †K›`ª t gnvfvi‡Zi eY©bv

ivgvq‡Yi Kvwnbx m~PbvKv‡j Avh© mf¨Zvi †K›`ª wQj Mv‡½q DcZ¨Kv| ivgvqY †_‡K Rvbv hvq
ive‡Yi mv‡_ hy× K‡i ivg `w¶Y fvi‡Z Avh© mf¨Zvi we¯—vi NwU‡qwQ‡jb| gnvfvi‡Zi weeiY
aviYv Kiv nq, 400
wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi c~‡e©B mgMÖ
†_‡K eySv hvq- mgMÖ fviZe‡l©B ˆew`K mf¨Zv Qwo‡q c‡owQj| GB gnvKv‡e¨i eY©bv Abyhvqx
fviZe‡l© Avh©iv Zv‡`i cÖfve hv`e‡`i GKwU kvLv †mŠiv‡óª cÖvavb¨ ¯’vcb K‡i| fvi‡Zi wewfbœ A‡ji ivRviv †KŠie-cvÛe
we¯—vi m¤úbœ K‡i hy‡× †hvM`vb K‡ib| gnvKve¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, ivRm~q I Ak¦‡ga h‡Ái Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zb
kw³kvjx ivRviv| hy×weMÖn †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq ˆew`K hy‡Mi †klw`‡K ¶wÎq e‡Y©i †jv‡Kiv
kw³kvjx n‡q c‡o| aviYv Kiv nq, 400 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi c~‡e©B mgMÖ fviZe‡l© Avh©iv Zv‡`i
cÖfve we¯—vi m¤úbœ K‡i|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
65

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

avZz ms¯‹…wZ
FM&‡e‡` avZz wn‡m‡e †mvbv, Zvgv I †eªv‡Äi D‡j−L Av‡Q| cieZ©x ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ wUb, mxmv,
iƒcv I †jvnvi D‡j−L cvIqv hvq| hRy‡e‡` ÔKv‡jv †eªv‡ÄiÕ K_v Av‡Q| Avcbviv Av‡MB
†R‡b‡Qb, cÖZœZË¡we`MY Lbb K‡i nw¯—bvcyi, Awn”QÎ I †KŠkv¤^x bv‡gi kni Avwe®‹vi
K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv‡K cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi kni wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †KŠkv¤^x‡Z cvIqv
†M‡Q †jvnv| AviI A‡bK Avh© emwZ‡Z †jvnvi `ªe¨vw` cvIqv †M‡Q| Gfv‡e g‡b Kiv nq
Avh©iv avZz ms¯‹…wZ‡Z wb‡R‡`i Rwo‡q †d‡jwQj| †jvnv e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y Avh©iv `ª Z cÖvavb¨
we¯—vi Ki‡Z m¶g nq| Avcbviv cvV- 6 G †R‡b‡Qb †jvnvi K…wl DcKiY ˆZwi K‡i Avh©iv
K…wl mf¨Zv‡K MwZkxj K‡iwQj| †jvnv KvwiMwi we`¨vi DbœwZ NUvq GKw`‡K wk‡íi weKvk
N‡U, Ab¨w`‡K Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi †¶‡Î Av‡m e¨vcK DbœwZ|

mvi-ms‡¶c Avh© mf¨Zv wbw`©ó RvqMvq mxgve× wQj bv| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ A‡j
Qwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K| K…wlwfwËK mf¨Zvi aviK n‡jI cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©iv †Kv_vI
†Kv_vI M‡o Zzj‡Z _v‡K bMi| weL¨vZ gnvKve¨ ivgvqY I gnvfviZ iwPZ n‡qwQj ˆew`K
hy‡Mi †klw`‡K| GB gnvKve¨ `yÕ‡Uvi eY©bvi †fZi †_‡K cwÛZMY ˆew`K ms¯‹…wZ we¯—v‡ii
GKwU Qwe Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb| ˆew`K hy‡M †jvnv mn wewfbœ avZzi mv‡_ cwiPq N‡U Avh©‡`i|
GB avZzi e¨envi Avh©ms¯‹…wZ‡K AviI MwZkxj K‡iwQj| Gfv‡e, Avh©mf¨Zv M‡o Zz‡jwQj
GKwU avZz ms¯‹…wZ|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 4.11

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| RbK Gi iv‡R¨i Aemvb N‡UwQj−
K. †MŠZg ey‡×i Avwef©v‡ei c~‡e©|
L. †MŠZg ey‡×i Avwef©v‡ei mgq|
M. †MŠZg ey‡×i Avwef©v‡ei c‡i|
2| bg©`v A‡j Avh©‡`i M‡o †Zvjv kniwUi bvg−
K. A½|
L. Avmvg|
M. gwnlgwZ|
3| g‡b Kiv nq ivgvq‡Yi iPwqZv wQ‡jb−
K. Kwe evwj¥Kx|
L. Kwe e¨vm|
M. †ivwgjv _vcvi|
4| Avh©iv mgMÖ fviZe‡l© Qwo‡q c‡o−
K. 1000 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
L. 700 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
M. 400 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi c~‡e©|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. fvi‡Z ˆew`K ms¯‹…wZ wKfv‡e Qvwo‡q c‡owQj?
2. ‰ew`K hy‡M avZz ms¯‹…wZi weKvk m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
66

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

P‚ovš— g~j¨vqb- 4 : iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. Avh©‡`i cwiPq w`b| Avh©‡`i Avw`evm †Kv_vq wQj Ges wKfv‡e Zviv fviZe‡l© AvMgb
K‡i Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. FM&‰ew`K hy‡M Avh©‡`i ivR‰bwZK, ag©xq I A_©‡bwZK Ae¯’vi eY©bv w`b|
3. cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©‡`i A_©‰bwZK I ag©xq Rxeb †Kgb wQj? GB cÖm‡½ fvi‡Z ˆew`K
ms¯‹…wZi we¯—vi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
3. wewfbœ cÖKvi ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨i eY©bv w`b|
4. FM&‡e` hy‡Mi cÖkvmb m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
5. FM&‰ew`K hy‡Mi A_©bxwZ‡Z cï m¤ú` wK f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
6. FM&‰ew`K hy‡Mi K…wl I wkí m¤^‡Ü eY©bv w`b|

DËigvjv
cvV 4.1 t 1| L 2| K 3| M 4| K
cvV 4.2 t 1| M 2| M 3| L 4| L
cvV 4.3 t 1| K 2| M 3| K 4| L
cvV 4.4. t 1| K 2| M 3| L 4| K
cvV 4.5 t 1| M 2| K 3| M 4| K
cvV 4.6 t 1| K 2| M 3| M 4| L
cvV 4.7 t 1| M 2| K 3| M 4| M
cvV 4.8 t 1| M 2| L 3| M 4| L
cvV 4.9 t 1| L 2| K 3| M 4| M
cvV 4.10 t 1| K 2| L 3| M 4| L
cvV 4.11 t 1| K 2| M 3| K 4| M

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
67