Method:
Resistors, capacitors and inductors are the basic components of electrical circuits and here the
series RC circuit was studied and the method is described below:
First the triple power supply voltages were measured with the help of voltmeter. After than we
connected the terminals of the voltmeter across the terminals of the supply in order to measure
the voltage. To do this we connected the positive terminal of the supply with the red terminal of
the voltmeter and the rest of the terminals together. After this the positive terminal of the supply
was adjusted to 15 volts by using voltmeter and then the negative terminal was adjusted to -15
volts. This can be done by connecting the negative terminal of +15 volts supply with the positive
terminal of -15 volts supply in this way this common terminal will started acting as a ground.
After that the both +15 as well as -15 voltages on oscilloscope on both channels are measured
and their snap shots were taken which will be described in the appendix. The bread board was
tested. The bread board was tested with the help of voltmeter. As we know that the first two rows
of the top of bread board are horizontally connected but they are not mutually connected. Same
happened with the bottom two rows. So, when the voltmeter was connected with the two jumpers
connected at any of the two rows, the voltmeter showed infinite resistance which showed that
they are open circuited which was required. Similarly, each row was tested horizontally and then
the voltmeter was connected with the jumpers, it produced beep which indicated that circuit was
connected which was required. Similarly, the middle part was vertically connected with each
other. So, the two jumpers were placed at any random column to test, so if voltmeter produces
sound, then there is nothing wrong with the bread board. Similarly, every column was tested to
test their continuity.
After that we generated a square waveform of 3 volts peak to peak amplitude and 1kHz
frequency using function generator. Frequency knob and amplitude knob was present which
helped us to get our required values of peak to peak and frequency. The peak to peak amplitude
can be adjusted by adjusting the peak amplitude since it has direct effect on peak to peak
amplitude.
The terminals of the oscilloscope were directly connected with the terminals of the function
generator and observed the square wave. Then their snap shots were taken. Similarly, the other
waveforms were observed and explored. Then the DC offset was also observed. The DC offset of
1.5 for the above discussed square waveform was also adjusted, and it showed that whole square
wave is shifted above and out least voltage was zero. So, DC offset shifted the waveform above.
After that the circuit was implemented on the bread board using R=1 k ohms and C=10 nF .
Then a sine wave of peak to peak amplitude of 3 volts with 1KHz frequency wave was generated
and applied to the input of the RC circuit. After that the channel 1 of the oscilloscope was
connected to the input and channel 2 to the output and both waveforms were observed
simultaneously and the snap shots were taken. Then the frequency of the input waveform was
changed with the help of frequency knob. The other waveform was also generated by the
function generator as the input to the RC circuit and the corresponding responses were checked.
Appendix:
Figure 1. Oscilloscope showing positive 15 volts and negative 15 volts. As can be seen that
yellow line is showing constant 15 volts while the blue one showing negative 15 volts.
Figure 2. Oscilloscope showing square waveforms with 3 volts peak to peak amplitude and
1kHz frequency. The frequency can be seen from time period which is 10ms. So, frequency will be 1/T
which is 1kHz.
Figure 3. Zoomed in image of the square waveform so that overshoot can be checked
Figure 4. Oscilloscope showing ine waveforms with 8 volts peak to peak amplitude and 1kHz
frequency.
Figure 5. Oscilloscope showing the triangular waveforms with 8 volts peak to peak amplitude and
1kHz frequency.
Figure 6. Apparatus to measure both input and
output simultaneously of the series RC circuit.
Figure 7. Square waveform with 20 percent duty cycle.
Figure 8. DC offset applied to square waveform with 1 kHz frequency.
Figure 9. Input and output of the circuit showed simultaneously. Yellow waveform shows the input and
blue waveform shows the output. Input applied had amplitude of 1 volts peak to peak.
Figure 10. Input and output of the circuit showed simultaneously. Yellow waveform shows the input and
blue waveform shows the output. Input applied had amplitude of 3 volts peak to peak.
