STATISTICS

 INTRODUCTION
In class IX, we have studied about the presentation of given data in the form of ungrouped us well as grouped
frequency distributions. We have also studied how to represent the statistical data in the form of various graphs
such as bar graphs, histograms and frequency polygons. In addition, we have studied the measure of central
tendencies such as mean, median and mode of ungrouped data.
In this chapter, we shall discuss about mean, median and mode of grouped data. We shall also discuss the concept
of cumulative frequency, cumulative frequency distribution and cumulative frequency curve (ogive).

 MEAN OF UNGROUPED DATA

We know that the mean of observations is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total number
of observations i.e., if x1,x2,x3,……, xn are n observations, then

mean, or , where denotes the sum x1 + x2 x3 + …… + xn.

● Direct method ● Short-cut method or Assumed-mean method ● Step-deviation method.

 MEAN OF GROUPED DATA
● Direct method
If x1,x2,x3,……, xn are n observations with respective frequencies f 1,f 2,f 3,……..,f n then mean, defined by

or , where .

To find mean of grouped Data

The following steps should be followed in finding the arithmetic mean of grouped data by direct method.
STEP-1: Find the class mark (xi) of each class using,
STEP-2: Calculate fixi for each i

STEP-3: Use the formula : mean, ,

● SHORTCUT METHOD OR ASSUMED MEAN METHOD

In this case, to calculate the mean, we follow the following steps :
STEP-1: Find the class mark (xi) of each class using

STEP-2: Choose a suitable value of xi in the middle as the assumed mean and denote it by ‘a’.
STEP-3: Find di = xi – a for each i
STEP-4: Find fi di for each i
STEP-5: Find n =

STEP-6: Calculate the mean, by using the formula .

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● STEP-DEVIATION METHOD
Sometimes, the values of x and f are so large that the calculation of mean by assumed mean method becomes quite
inconvenient. In this case, we follow the following steps:
STEP-1: Find the class mark (xi) of each class using,
STEP-2: Choose a suitable value of xi in the middle as the assumed mean and denote it by ‘a’.
STEP-3: Find h = (upper limit – lower limit) for each class.
STEP-4: Find for each class.
STEP-5: Find fi ui for each i.

STEP-6: Calculate, the mean by using the formula h, where

Ex.1 Find the mean of the following data:

Class Interval 0-8 8-16 16-24 24-32 32-40
Frequency 6 7 10 8 9
Sol. We may prepare the table as given below :
Class Interval Frequency (fi) Class mark (xi) fixi
0-8 6 4 24
8-16 7 12 84
16-24 10 20 200
24-32 8 28 224
32-40 9 36 324

Mean,

Ex.2 The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The mean pocket allowance
is Rs. 18. Find the missing frequency f.
Daily pocket allowance (in Rs.) 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-25
Number of children 7 6 9 13 f 5 4
Sol. We may prepare the table as given below :

Daily pocket Number of Class mark (xi) fixi

allowance Children (fi)
11-13 7 12 84
13-15 6 14 84
15-17 9 16 144
17-19 13 18 234
19-21 f 20 20f
21-23 5 22 110
23-25 4 24 96

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 Mean,

Given, mean = 18

Ex.3 Find the missing frequencies f1 and f2 in the table given below, it is being given that the mean of the given
frequency distribution is 50.
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Total
Frequency 17 f1 32 f2 19 120

Sol. We may prepare the table as given below :

Class Number of (fi) Class mark (xi) fixi

0-20 17 10 170
20-40 f1 30 30f1
40-60 32 50 1600
60-80 f2 70 70f2
80-100 19 90 1710

Mean,

Given, mean = 50

20f1 – 20f2 = 80 f1 – f2 = 4 …(i)

And
120 = 68 + f1 +f2
f1 + f2 = 52 …(ii)
Adding (1) and (2), we get 2f1 = 56 f1 = 28
f2 = 24
Hence, following missing frequencies f1 and f2 are 28 and 24 respectively.
Ex.4 The following table gives the marks scored by 100 students in a class test :

Mark 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

No. of Students 12 28 27 20 17 6

Sol. We may prepare the table with assumed mean, a = 35 as given below :

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 Mrks No.of students (fi) Class mark (xi) di = xi – a = xi – 35 fidi
0-10 12 5 – 30 – 360
10-20 18 15 – 20 – 360
20-30 27 25 – 10 – 270
30-40 20 30 = a 0 0
40-50 17 45 10 170
50-60 6 55 20 120
N = 100

Mean,

Ex.5 Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the number of heart beats per minute, were recorded
and summarised as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for these women, by using assumed.

No. of heart beats

per minute 65-68 68-71 71-74 74-77 77-80 80-83 83-86
Frequency 2 4 3 8 7 4 2

Sol. We may prepare the table with assumed mean, a = 35 as given below :

No. of heart beats No.of women (fi) Class mark (xi) di = xi – a fidi
per minute = xi – 75.5
65-68 2 66.5 –9 – 18
68-71 4 69.5 –6 – 24
71-74 3 72.5 –3 –9
74-77 8 75.5 = a 0 21
77-80 7 78.5 3 24
80-83 4 81.5 6 18
83-86 2 84.5 9
N = 30

Mean,

Ex.6 Find the mean of the following distribution by step-deviation method :

Class 50-70 70-90 90-110 110-130 130-150 150-170

Frequency 18 12 13 27 8 22

Sol. We may prepare the table with assumed mean a = 120 as given below :

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 Class Frequency (fi) Class mark (xi) fi ui
50-70 18 60 –3 – 54
70-90 12 80 –2 – 24
90-110 13 100 –1 – 13
110-130 27 120 = a 0 0
130-150 8 140 1 8
150-170 22 160 2 44

N = 100

Mean,

Ex.7 Find the mean marks from the following data :

Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below
Marks 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
No. of Students 5 9 17 29 45 60 70 78 83 85

Sol. We may prepare the table as given below :

Marks No. of students Class Interval fi Class mark (xi) fixi

Below 10 5 0-10 5 5 25
Below 20 9 10-20 4 15 60
Below 30 17 20-30 9 25 225
Below 40 29 30-40 12 35 420
Below 50 45 40-50 16 45 720
Below 60 60 50-60 15 55 825
Below 70 70 60-70 10 65 650
Below 80 78 70-80 8 75 600
Below 90 83 80-90 5 85 425
Below 100 85 90-100 2 95 190
N=
85

Mean,

Ex.8 Find the mean marks of students from the adjoining frequency distribution table.

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 Marks No. of Students
Above 0 80
Above 10 77
Above 20 72
Above 30 65
Above 40 55
Above 50 43
Above 60 23
Above 70 16
Above 80 10
Above 90 8
Above 100 0

Sol. We may prepare the table as given below :

Marks No. of students Class Interval fi Class mark (xi) fixi
Above 0 80 0-10 3 5 15
Above 10 77 10-20 5 15 75
Above 20 72 20-30 7 25 175
Above 30 65 30-40 10 35 350
Above 40 55 40-50 12 45 540
Above 50 43 50-60 20 55 1100
Above 60 23 60-70 7 65 455
Above 70 16 70-80 6 75 450
Above 80 10 80-90 2 85 170
Above 90 8 90-100 8 95 760
Above 100 0 100-110 0 105 0
N = 80

Mean, (approx)

Ex.9 Find the arithmetic mean of the following frequency distribution.

Class 25-29 30-24 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59

Frequency 14 22 16 6 5 3 4

Sol. The given series is in inclusive form. We may prepare the table in exclusive form with assumed mean a = 42 as
given below :

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 Class Frequency (fi) Class mark (xi) di = xi – a = xi – 75.5 fi ui

24.5-29.5 14 27 – 15 – 210
29.5-34.5 22 32 – 10 – 220
34.5-39.5 16 37 –5 – 80
39.5-44.5 6 42 = a 0 0
44.5-49.5 5 47 5 25
49.5-54.5 3 52 10 30
54.5-59.5 4 57 15 60

N = 70

Mean, (approx)
 MEDIAN OF A GROUPED DATA
MEDIAN : It is a measure of central tendency which gives the value of the middle most observation in the data. In
a grouped data, it is not possible to find the middle observation by looking at the cumulative frequencies as the
middle observation will be some value in a class interval. It is, therefore, necessary to find the value inside a class
that divides the whole distribution into two halves.

MEDIAN CLASS : The class whose cumulative frequency is greater than is called the median class.
To calculate the median of a grouped data, we follow the following steps :
STEP-1: Prepare the cumulative frequency table corresponding to the given frequency distribution and obtain
.

STEP-2: Find

STEP-3: Look at the cumulative frequency just greater than and find the corresponding class (Median class).

STEP-4: Use the formula Median,

Where = Lower limit of median class.

F = Frequency of the median class.
C = Cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class.
h = Size of the median class.

Ex.10. Find the median of the following frequency distribution :

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 Total
No. of Students 8 20 36 24 12 100
Sol. At first we prepare a cumulative frequency distribution table as given below :
Marks Number of students (fi) Cumulative frequency
0-10 8 8
10-20 20 28
20-30 36 64
30-40 24 88
40-50 12 100
N = 100 7
 Here, N = 100
= 50
The cumulative frequency just greater than 50 is 64 and the corresponding class is 20-30.
So, the median class is 20-30.
= 20, N = 100, C = 28, f = 36 and h = 10

Therefore, median

Ex.11 A life insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. Calculate the
median age, if policies are given only to persons having age 18 years onwards but less than 60 years.

Age Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below
(in years) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
No. of policy 2 6 24 45 78 89 92 98 100
holders

Sol. From the given table we can find the frequency and cumulative frequency as given below :
Age (in years) Number of students (fi) Cumulative frequency
15-20 2 2
20-25 4 6
25-30 18 24
30-35 21 45
35-40 33 78
40-45 11 89
45-50 3 92
50-55 6 98
55-60 2 100

N = 100

Here, N = 100
= 50
The cumulative frequency just greater than 50 is 78 and the corresponding class is 35-40.
So, the median class is 65-40.
= 20, N = 100, C = 45, f = 33 and h = 5

Therefore, median

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 Hence, the median age is 35.76 years.

Ex.12 The length of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest millimeter, and the data obtained is
represented in the following table. Find the median length of the leaves.

Length
(in mm) 118-126 127-135 136-144 145-153 154-162 163-171 172-180
No. of leaves 3 5 9 12 5 4 2

Sol. The given series is in inclusive form. We may prepare the table in exclusive form and prepare the cumulative
frequency table as given below :
Length (in mm) Number of leaves (fi) Cumulative frequency
117.5-126.5 3 3
126.5-135.5 5 8
135.5-144.5 9 17
144.5-153.5 12 29
153.5-162.5 5 34
162.5-171.5 4 38
171.5-180.5 2 40

N = 40

Here, N = 40
= 20
The cumulative frequency just greater than 20 is 29 and the corresponding class is 144.5-153.5
So, the median class is 144.5-153.5

= 144.5, N = 40, C = 17, f = 12 and h = 9

Therefore, median

Hence, median length of leaves is 146.75 mm.

Ex.13 Calculate the missing frequency ‘a’ from the following distribution, it is being given that the median of the
distribution is 24.

Age (in mm) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

No. of persons 5 25 a 18 7

Sol. At first we prepare a cumulative frequency distribution table as given below :

Age (in years) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 Total

No. of persons (fi) 5 25 a 18 7 55+a

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 Cumulative frequency 5 30 30+a 48+a 55+a

Since the median is 24, therefore, the median class will be 20-30.
Hence, = 20, N = 55+a, C = 30, f = a and h = 10

Therefore, median

4a = 5a – 25 a = 25

Hence, the value of missing frequency a is 25.

Ex.14 The median of the following data is 525. Find the values of x and y, if the total frequency is 100.

Class Interval Frequency (fi)

0-100 2
100-200 5
200-300 x
300-400 12
400-500 17
500-600 20
600-700 y
700-800 9
800-900 7
900-1000 4
N = 100
Sol. At first we prepare a cumulative frequency distribution table as given below :
Class Interval frequency (fi) Cumulative frequency
0-100 2 2
100-200 5 7
200-300 x 7+x
300-400 12 19+x
400-500 17 36+x
500-600 20 56+x
600-700 y 56+x+y
700-800 9 65+x+y
800-900 7 72+x+y
900-1000 4 76+x+y

N = 100
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 We have N = 100
…(i)
Since the median is 525, so, the median class is 500 – 600
= 500, N = 100, C = 36 + x, f = 20 and h = 100

Therefore, median

5 = 14 – x x=9

Also, putting x = 9 in (1), we get 9 + y = 24 y = 15

Hence, the values of x and y are 9 and 15 respectively.

 MODE OF A GROUPED DATA

MODE : Mode is that value among the observations which occurs most often i.e., the value of the observation
having the maximum frequency.
In a grouped frequency distribution, it is not possible to determine the mode by looking at the frequency.
MODAL CLASS : The class of a frequency distribution having maximum frequency is called modal class of a
frequency distribution .
The mode is a value inside the modal class and is calculated by using the formula.

Mode =

Where = Lower limit of the modal class.

h = Size of class interval.
f1 = Frequency of modal class.
f0 = Frequency of the class preceding the modal class
f2 = Frequency of the class succeeding the modal class
Ex15 The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electrical components :

Lifetimes (in hours) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120

Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29

Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.

Sol. Here the class 60-80 has maximum frequency, so it is the modal class.
and

Therefore, mode =

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 Hence, the modal lifetimes of the components is 65.625 hours.
Ex.16 Given below is the frequency distribution of the heights of players in a school.

Heights (in cm) 160-162 136-165 166-168 169-171 172-174

No. of students 15 118 142 127 18

Find the average height of maximum number of students.

Sol. The given series is in inclusive form. We prepare the table in exculsive form, as given below :

Heights (in cm) 159.5-162.5 162.5-165.5 165.5-168.5 168.5-171.5 171.5-174.5

No. of students 15 118 142 127 18

We have to find the mode of the data.

Here, the class 165.5-168.5 has maximum frequency, so it is the modal class.
Ex.17 The mode of the following series is 36. Find the missing frequency f in it.

Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-71

Frequency 8 10 f 16 12 6 7

Sol. Since the mode is 36, so the modal class will be 30-40
and

Therefore, mode =

120 – 6f = 160 – 10f 4f = 40 f = 10

Hence, the value of the missing frequency f is 10.
 GRAPHICAL. REPRESENTATION OF CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

● CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY POLYGON CURVE (OGIVE)

Cumulative frequency is of two types and corresponding to these, the ogive is also of two types.

● LESS THAN SERIES ● MORE THAN SERIES

● LESS THAN SERIES To construct a cumulative frequency polygon and an ogive, we follow these steps :

STEP-1 : Mark the upper class limit along x-axis and the corresponding cumulative frequencies along y-
axis.
STEP-2 : Plot these points cuccessively by line segments. We get a polygon, called cumulative frequency

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 polygon.
STEP-3 : Plot these points cuccessively by smooth curves, we get a curve called cumulative frequency
or an ogive.

 APPLICATION OF AN OGIVE

Ogive can be used to find the median of a frequency distribution. To find the median, we follow these steps.

METHOD –I

STEP-1 : Draw anyone of the two types of frequencies curves on the graph paper.
STEP-2 : Compute and mark the corresponding points on the y-axis.
STEP-3 : Draw a line parallel to x-axis from the point marked in step 2, cutting the cumulative frequency
curve at a point P.

METHOD –II

STEP-1 : Draw less than type and more than type cumulative frequency curves on the graph paper.
STEP-2 : Mark the point of intersecting (P) of the two curves draw2n in step 1.
STEP-3 : Draw perpendicular PM from P on the x-axis. The x-coordinate of point M gives the median .

Ex.18 The following distribution gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory.

Daily income (in Rs.) 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180 180-200

No. of workers 12 14 8 6 10

Convert the distribution above to a less than type cumulative frequency distribution and draw its ogive.

Sol. From the given table, we prepare a less than type cumulative frequency distribution table, as given below :

Income less than (in Rs) 120 140 160 180 200
Cumulative frequency 12 26 34 40 50
Join these points by a freehand curve to get an ogive of ‘less than’ type.

Ex.19 The following table gives production yieid per hectare of wheat of 100 farms of a village.

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 Production yieid
(in kg/ha) 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80
No. of farms 2 8 12 24 38 16

Change the distribution to more than type distribution and draw its ogive.
Sol. From the given table, we may prepare more than type cumulative frequency distribution table, as given below :

Production more than (in kg/ha) 50 55 60 65 70 75

Cumulative frequency 100 98 90 78 54 16

Now, plot the points (50, 100), (55,98), (60,90), (65,78), (70,54) and (75,16)
Join these points by a freehand curve to get an ogive of ‘more than’ type.

Ex.20 The annual profits earned by 30 shops of a shopping complex in a locality gives rise to the following
distribution
Profit (in lakhs Rs.) No. of shops (frequency)
More than or equal to 5 30
More than or equal to 10 28
More than or equal to 15 16
More than or equal to 20 14
More than or equal to 25 10
More than or equal to 30 7
More than or equal to 35 3
Draw both ogives for the data above. Hence, obtain the median profit.
Sol. We have a more than type cumulative frequency distribution table. We may also prepare a less than type
cumulative frequency distribution table from the given data, as given below :

‘More than’ type ‘Less than’ type

Profit more than No. of shops Profit less than No. of shops
(Rs. in lakhs) (Rs. in lakhs)
5 30 10 2
10 28 15 14
15 16 20 11
20 14 25 20
25 10 30 23
30 7 35 27
35 3 40 30
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 Now, plot the points A(5,30), B(10,28), C(15,16), D(20,14), E(25,10), F(30,7) and G(35,3) for the more than type
cumulative frequency and the points P(10,2), Q(15,14), R(20,16), S(25,20), T(30,23), U(35,27) and V(40,30) for
the less then type cumulative frequency table.
Join these points by a freehand to get ogives for ‘more than’ type and ‘less than’ type.

The tow ogives intersect each other at point (17.5, 15).

Hence, the median profit is Rs. 17.5 lakhs.
Ex.21 The following data gives the information on marks of 70 students in a periodical test :

Marks Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than
10 20 30 40 50
No. of students 3 11 28 48 70

Draw a cumulative frequency curve for the above data and find the median.

Sol. We have a less than cumulative frequency table. We mark the upper class limits along the x-axis and the
corresponding cumulative frequency (no. of students) along the y-axis. Now, plot the points (10,3), (20,11),
(30,28), (40,48) and (50,70). Join these points by a freehand curve to get an ogive of ‘less than’ type.

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 Here, N = 70

Take a point A(0,35) on the y-axis and draw AP║x-axis, meeting the curve at P.

Draw PM x-axis, intersecting the x-axis, at M.

Then, OM = 33.

Hence, the median marks is 33.

EXERCISE – 1 (FOR SCHOOL/BOARD EXAMS)

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ONE

1. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency ?

(A) Frequency (B) Cumulative frequency
(C) Mean (D) Class limit
2. Class mark of a class is obtained by using –

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 (A) Class mark (B) [upper limit – lower limit]

(C) [upper limit + lower limit] (D) [upper limit + lower limit] – 1

3. The value of is –

(A) (B) 2 (C) n (D)

4. The mean of the following data 12, 22, 32,……n2 is –

(A) (B) (C) (D)

5. The mean of following distribution is –

xi 10 12 15 25
fi 2 3 7 8
(A) 18.50 (B) 18.50 (C) 18.15 (D) 18.25

6. The mean of following data is 18.75 then the value of p is –

xi 10 15 p 25 30
fi 5 10 7 8 2

(A) 21 (B) 20.6 (C) 20 (D) 22

7. To find mean, we use the formula.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

8. Which of the following can not be determined graphically –

(A) Mean (B) Median (C) Mode (D) Standard deviation
9. If the median of the following data is 40 then the value of p is –

Class 0- 10 10-30 30-60 60-80 80-90

Frequency 5 15 30 p 2
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 7.6
10. Which of the following is true?
(A) Mode = 2median – Mean (B) Mode = 3median + 2Mean
(C) Mode = 3median – 2Mean (D) None of these

11. Mode is –
(A) Most frequent value (B) Least frequent value
(C) Middle most value (D) None of these

12. Which of the following is true –

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 (A) Mode = 2median + Mean (B) Median = Mode + [Mean – Median]

(C) Mean = Mode + [Median – Mode](D) Median = Mode + [Mean +Median]

13. In the formula for mode of a grouped data, mode = , where symbols have their usual

meaning f0 represents :

(A) Frequency of modal class

(B) Frequency of median class
(C) Frequency of the class preceding the modal class
(D) Frequency of class succeeding the modal class

14. Median of a given frequency distribution is found with the help of a –

(A) Bar graph (B) Ogive (C) Histogram (D) None of these

15. The measure of central tendency which is given by the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the ‘more than’
ogive and ‘less than’ ogive is –
(A) Mean (B) Median (C) Mode (D) None of these

OBJECTIVE ANSWER KEY EXERCISE

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. C C C A B C C A B C
Que. 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. A C C B B
EXERCISE – 2 (FOR SCHOOL/BOARD EXAMS)
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

(A) MEAN OF A GROUPED DATA

1. Find the mean of the following data :

Class Interval 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30
(a) Frequency 6 8 10 9 7

(b) Number of Plant 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14
Number of house 1 2 1 5 6 2 3

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2. Find the mean of the following distribution :
Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
(a)
Frequency 3 5 9 5 3

Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

(b) (i) Frequency 12 16 6 7 9
Class Interval 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180 180-200
(ii) Frequency 12 14 8 6 10
Class Interval 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500
(iii)
Frequency 6 9 15 12 8
3. (a) The arithmetic mean of the following frequency distribution is 25.25. Determine the value of p :
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 7 8 p 15 4
(b) The arithmetic mean of the following
frequency distribution is 47. Determine the value of p :
Class Interval 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Frequency 8 15 20 p 5
4. Find the value of f, the missing
frequency, if the mean of the following distribution is 67.
Class Interval 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75 75-85 85-98
Frequency 10 6 4 f 4 12 26
5. (a) Find the missing
frequencies f1andf2 if the frequency distribution is 62.8 and the sum of all frequency is 50
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 Total
Frequency 5 f1 10 f2 7 8 50
(b) Find the missing

frequencies f1 and f2 in the following data if the mean is and the sum of the observation is 52.

Class 140-150 150-160 160-170 170-180 180-190 190-200

(c) Frequency 7 f1 20 f2 7 8 The
mean of
following frequency table is 53. But the frequency f1 and f2 in the classes 20-40 and 60-80 are missing.
Find the missing frequency
Age (in years) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Total
No. of people 15 f1 21 f2 17 100

6. (a) Find the mean of the following data, by using the assumed mean method.
Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 7 8 12 13 10
(b) Marks 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600
No. of students 2 8 12 20 5 3

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7. A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole term. Find the mean
number of days a student was absent.

No. of days 0-6 6-10 10-14 14-20 20-28 28-38 38-40

No. of students 11 10 7 4 4 3 1

8. (a) Find the arithmetic mean of the following frequency distribution by using step deviation method :

Class 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24 24-28 28-32 32-36

No. of students 2 12 15 25 18 12 13 3
(b) The
following table gives the literacy rate (in percentage) of 35 cities. Find the mean literacy rate.
Literacy rate (in %) 45-55 55-65 65-75 75-85 85-95
(c) No. of cities 3 10 11 The distribution show the
8 3
number of wickets taken by
bowlers in one day cricket matches. Find the mean number of wickets by choosing a suitable method.
What does the mean signify?
No. of wickets 20-60 60-100 100-150 150-250 250-350 350-450
No. of bowlers 7 5 16 12 2 3

9. (a) The following table gives the distribution of expenditures of different families on education. Find the
mean expenditure on education of a family.
Expenditure 1000-1500 1500-2000 2000-2500 2500-3000 3000-3500 3500-4000 4000-4500 4500-5000
(b) (in Rs.)
(i) To find the concentriation of SO2 in the air (in per million), the data was collected for 30 localities in a
No. of families 24 10 33 28 30 22 16 7
certain city and is presented below :
Concentration of 0.00-0.04 0.04-0.08 0.08-0.12 0.12-0.16 0.16-0.020 0.20-0.24
SO2 (in ppm.)
Frequency 4 9 9 2 4 2

Find the mean concentration of SO2 in the air.

(ii) The following table shows that the daily expenditure on food of 25 house holds in a localities. Find the
mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method.
Daily expenditure 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 300-350
(in Rs.)
No. of house holds 4 5 12 2 2

10. (a) Find the mean marks from the following data :

Marks Below Below Below Below Below Below

10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of students 4 10 18 28 40 70

20
 (b) Compute the mean for the following data :

Marks Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than
10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150
No. of students 0 10 25 43 65 87 96 100

11. (a) Find the average marks of student from the following data :

Marks No. of Students

Above 0 80
Above 10 77
Above 20 72
Above 30 65
Above 40 55
Above 50 43
Above 60 23
Above 70 16
Above 80 10
Above 90 8
Above 100 0

(b) Find the mean wage of the following data :

Wages (in Rs.) No. of Workers

0 and above 120
20 and above 108
40 and above 90
60 and above 75
80 and above 50
100 and above 24
120 and above 9
140 and above 0

12. (a) In a retail market, fruit vendors selling mangoes kept in packing boxes. These boxes contained varying
number of mangoes. The following was the distribution of mangoes according to the number of boxes.
No. of mangoes 50-52 53-55 56-58 59-61 62-64
No. of boxes 15 110 135 115 25

Find the mean number of mangoes kept in a pocket box.

(b) The following data shows that the age distribution of patients of malaria in a village during a particular
month. Find the average age of the patients.
Age (in years) 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64
No. of cases 6 11 21 23 14 5

(B) MEDIAN OF A GROUPED DATA

1. Find the median for the following frequency distribution :

21
 Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
(a)
Frequency 6 9 14 2 19 10
Age in years Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below
Class20
Interval25 25-3530 35-4535 45-5540 55-6545 65-7550 55 60
(b)
No. of policy Frequency
2 6 20 24 25 45 5 78 7 89 4 92 98 100
(i)
holders
Class Interval 0-8 8-16 16-24 24-32 32-40 40-48
(ii) Frequency 8 10 16 24 15 7

(c) 100 surnames were randomly picket up from a local telephone directly and the frequency distribution of
the number of letters in the English
No. of letters 1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16 16-19
alphabets in the surnames was obtained
No. of Surnames 6 30 40 16 4 4
as follows :

Class groups 110-120 120-130 130-140 140-150 150-160 160-170 170-180 180-190 190-200
Frequency 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3
Find
the median number of letters in the surnames. Find the mean number of letters in the surnames.
2. (a) Find the median from the following data :

Weight (in kg) 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75
No. of students 2 3 8 6 6 3 2
(b) (i) The
following distribution gives the weights of 30 students of a class. Find the median weight of
Marks 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600 600-700 700-800 800-900 900-1000
Frequency 2 5 9 12 17 20 15 9 7 4
the student
Life Time 1500-2000 2000-2500 2500-3000 3000-3500 3500-4000 4000-4500 4500-5000
(in hours)
No. of lamps 14 56 60 86 74 62 48

(ii) Find the median of the following frequency distribution :

(c) The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps :

Find the median life time of a lamp.

3. (a) A life insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. Calculate
the median age, if policies are only given to persons having age 18 years onwards but less than 60 years.

(b) A survey regarding the heights (in cm) of 51 girls of class X of a school was conducted and the data
obtained follows :
Heights (in cm) Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than
140 145 150 155 160 165
No. of girls 4 11 29 40 46 51
22
 Class interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 Total
Frequency f1 5 9 12 f2 3 2 40
Find the
median height.
4. (a) The
Marks 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50
following table gives the marks
No. of Students 2 3 6 7 14 12 4 2
obtained by 50 students in a
class test :

Age group 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74

(in years)
No. of males 447 307 279 220 157 91 39 Find the median.
(b) The following table
gives the population of males in different age groups :

IQ 75-84 85-94 95-104 105-114 115-124 125-134 135-144

Frequency 8 11 26 31 18 4 2
Find their median age.
5. (a) The following table gives the distribution of IQ of 100 students. Find the median IQ.

Length 118-126 127-135 136-144 145-153 154-162 163-171 172-180

(in mm)
(b) No. of leave 10 8 13 22 7 6 4
The length of 70 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest millimeter and the data
obtained is represented in the following table :

Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

Frequency 5 25 f 18 7
Find the median length of the leaves.
6. Calculate the missing
Class interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 Total frequency f from the
Frequency 5 f1 20 15 f2 5 60 following distribution, it
being given that the median of the distribution is 24.

7. (a) If the median of the following frequency distribution is 28.5, find the missing frequencies.

(b) If the median of the following frequency distribution is 32.5, find the values of f 1 and f2.

23
 (c) (i) An incomplete distribution is given below :

If median value is 46 and the total number of items is 230.

Find the missing
Variable 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 frequencies f1 and f2.
Frequency 12 30 f1 65 f2 25 18 Find the arithmetic
mean (AM) of the completed distribution.
(ii) The median of the following data is 20.75 Find the missing frequencies x and y, if the total
frequency is 100

Class interval 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40
(C) Frequency 7 10 x 13 y 10 14 9
MEDIAN OF
A GROUPED DATA

1. (a) Calculate the mode for the following frequency distribution.

Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

Frequency 5 8 7 12 28 20 10 10

(b) A student noted the number of cars passing through spot on a road for 100 periods each of 3 minutes and
summarized it in the table given below. Find the mode of the data .
No. of cars 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
Frequency 7 14 13 12 20 11 15 8

2. (a) The given distribution shows the number of runs scored by some top batsmen of the world in one day
international cricket matches :
Runs 3000-4000 4000-5000 5000-6000 6000-7000 7000-8000 8000-9000 9000-10000 10000-11000
Scored
No. of 4 18 9 7 6 3 1 1
batsman
Find the mode of the data.
(b) (i) The following tables gives the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year.
Age (in years) 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65
No. of patients 6 11 21 23 14 5 Find the mode and the
mean of the data
(ii) The following data gives the distribution of total monthly house hold expenditure of 200 families
of a village. Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families. Also, find the mean monthly
expenditure
Expenditure 1000-1500 1500-2000 2000-2500 2500-3000 3000-3500 3500-4000 4000-4500 4500-5000
(in Rs.)
No. of 24 40 33 28 30 22 16 7
families
(c) (i) The following distribution gives the state-wise teacher student ratio in higher secondary schools of

24
 India. Find the mode and mean of this data. Interpret two measures.
No. of students 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55
per teacher
No. of 3 8 9 10 3 0 0 2
state/U.T.
(ii) The following table shows the marks obtained by 100 students of Class X in school during a
particular academic session. Find the mode of this distribution
Marks Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
No. of students 7 21 34 46 66 77 92 100

3. (a) Compute the mode of the following data :

Class Interval 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50
Frequency 3 8 13 18 28 20 13 8 6 4

(b) Compute the mode of the following data :

Score 80-90 90-100 100-110 110-120 120-130 130-140 140-150

No. of pupil 18 27 48 39 12 6 16

4. Calculate the mode of the following data :

Wages (In Rs.) 51-56 57-62 63-68 69-74 75-80 81-86 87-92
No. of workers 12 24 40 30 18 8 20
5. The mode of the following data is 85.7 Find the missing frequency in it.
Size 45-55 55-65 650-75 75-85 85-95 95-105 105-115
Frequency 7 12 17 f 32 6 10
(C) GRAPHICA REPRESENTATION OF CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
1. The following distribution gives the mark obtained by 102 students of class X.
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
No. of 9 10 25 50 5 3
students

Convert the above distribution to a less than type cumulative frequency distribution and draw its ogive.
2. The following table gives the distribution of IQ of 60 pupils of class X in a school.
IQ 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 1005-110 110-120 120-130
No. of pupils 2 3 5 16 14 13 7

Convert the above distribution to a more than type cumulative frequency distribution and draw its ogive.
3. (a) The following table gives the height of trees :
Height Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than
140 145 150 155 160 165
No. of trees 4 11 29 40 46 50

25
 (b) What is the value of the median of the data using the graph in the given figure, of less than ogive and more
than ogive?

Draw both ogives for the data above. Hence, obtain the median of the data.
4. (a) Following is the age distribution of a group of students. Draw a cumulative frequency curve for the data
and find the median.
Age in years No. of students
Less than 5 36
Less than 6 78
Less than 7 136
Less than 8 190
Less than 9 258
Less than 10 342
Less than 11 438
Less than 12 520
Less than 13 586
Less than 14 634
Less than 15 684
Less than 16 700
(b) A student draws a cumulative frequency curve for the marks obtained by 40 students of a class as shown
below. Find the median marks obtained by the students of the class.

5. The table given below shows the frequency distribution of the scores obtained by 200 candidates in a MCA
entrance examination.
Score 200-250 250-300 300-350 350-400 400-450 450-500 500-550 550-600
No. of 30 15 45 20 25 40 10 15

26
 students
Draw cumulative curve of more than type and hence find median.
STATISTICS ANSWER KEY EXERCISE

(A) MEAN OF A GROUPED DATA :

1. (a) 15.45, (b) 8.1 2. (a) 25, (b) (i) 22 (ii) 145.20 (iii) 264 3. (a) 6, (b) 12 4. 23.71
5. (a) 8, 12, (b) f1 = 7, f2 = 10, (c) f1 = 18, f2 = 29, 6. (a) 27.2 (b) 304 7. 12.48 days
8. (a) 19.92 (b) 69.43%, (c) On an average the number of wickets taken by bowers in one day cricket is
152.89.
9. (a) 2823.53 (b) (i) 0.099 ppm (ii) Rs.211 10. (a) marks (b) 74.80
11. (a) 51.1 (b) (i) 69.34 12. (a) 57.19 (b) 34.87 years

(B) MEDIAN OF A GROUPED DATA :

1. (a) 35 (b) (i) 39.2 (ii) 26 (c) Median = 8.05, Mean = 8.32
2. (a) 153.8 (b) (i) 56.67 kg (ii) 532.5 (c) 3406.98 hours
3. (a) 35.76 years (b) 149.03 cm 4. (a) 33 (b) 25.07 years
5. (a) 106.1 (b) 146.14 m 6. 25
7. (a) 8, 7 (b) 3, 6 (c) (i) 34 & 46 45.87 (ii) x = 17, y = 20

(C) MODE OF A GROUPED DATA :

1. (a) 46.67 (b) 44.7 cars
2. (a) 4608.7 runs
(b) (i) mode = 36.8, mean = 35.37 years, (ii) Rs. 1847.83, Rs. 2662.5
(c) (i) mode = 30.6, mean = 29.2 Most states U. T., have a student teacher ratio of 30.6 and on an
average, this ratio is 29.2
(ii) 44.7
3. (a) 23.28 (b) 107 4. 66.2 5. 30 (approx.)

(D) GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION :

3. (a) Median = 148.9 (b) Median = 4
4. (a) Median = 10 (b) Median marks = 50
5. Median = 375

27
EXERCISE – 3 (FOR SCHOOL/BOARD EXAMS)
PREVIOUS YEARS BOARD QUESTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Which measure of central tendency is given by the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the “more than
ogive” and “less than ogive”? Delhi-2008
2. Find the median class of the following data : Al-2008
Marks Obtained 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 8 10 12 22 30 18
3. Find the class marks of classes 10-25 and 35-55 : Foreing-2008
4. Write the median class of the following distribution : Delhi-2009

Classes 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

Frequency 4 4 8 10 12 8 4
5. What is the lower limit of the modal class of the following frequency distribution? Foreing-2009
Age (in years) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Number of patients 16 13 6 11 27 18
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 57.6 and the sum of observations is 50. Find the missing
frequencies f1 and f2 : Al-2004

Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120

Frequency 7 f1 12 f2 8 5

2. The following table gives the distribution of expenditure of different families on education. Find the mean
expenditure on education of a family : Delhi-2004C

Expenditure (in Rs.) Number of families

1000-1500 24
1500-2000 40
2000-2500 33
2500-3000 28
3000-3500 30
3500-4000 22
4000-4500 16
4500-5000 7

3. Find the mean of the following distribution : Delhi-2005

Class 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24 24-28 28-32 32-36

Number of students 2 12 15 25 18 12 13 3
28
4. If the mean of the following data is 18.75 find the value of p : Al-2005
xi 10 15 p 25 30
fi 5 10 7 8 2
5. The Arithmetic Mean of the following frequency distribution is 50. Find the value of p : Delhi-2006
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Frequency 17 p 32 24 19
6. If the mean of the following is 50, find the value of f1 : Delhi-2006

Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100

Frequency 17 28 32 f1 19
7. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8. Find the missing frequency x. Delhi-2007
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120
Frequency 5 8 x 12 7 8

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. A survery regarding the heights (in cm) of 50 girls of class x of a school was conducted and the following data
was obtained : Delhi-2008
Height in cm 120-130 130-140 140-150 150-160 160-170 Total
Number of girls 2 8 12 20 8 50

Find the mean, median and mode of the above data.

2. Find the mean, mode and median of the following data. Al-2008
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
3. Frequency 5
Find the mean, median 10mode of
and 18the following
30 20
data. 12 5
Foreign-2008

Class Frequency
0-50 2
50-100 3
100-150 5
150-200 6
200-250 5
250-300 3
300-350 1

4. The following table gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory : Delhi-2009

Daily income 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180 180-200

(in Rs.)
Number of workers 12 14 8 6 10

29
 Find the mean, mode and median of the above data.

5. During the medical check-up of 35 students of a class their weights were recorded as follows : Al-2009

Weight (in kg) Number of students

38-40 3
40-42 2
42-44 4
44-46 5
46-48 14
48-50 4
50-52 3

Draw a less than type and a more than type ogive from the given data. Hence obtain the median weight from the
graph.

6. Find the mode, median and mean for the following data : Foreign-2009

Marks obtained Number of students

25-35 7
35-45 31
45-50 33
50-55 17
55-65 11
65-75 1

STATISTICS ANSWER KEY EXERCISE (X)-CBSE

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

1. Median 2. 30-40 3. 17.5 and 45 4. 30-40 5. 40

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

1. f1 = 8, f2 = 10 2. Rs. 2662.5 3. 19.92 4. p = 20 5. p = 28 6. f1 = 24 7. 10

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

30
1. mean = 150.25 ; Median = 151.5 ; Mode = 154. 2. mean = 35.76 ; Median = 35.66 ; Mode = 35.44
3. mean = 59.9 ; Median = 61.6 ; Mode = 65. 4. mean = 145.20 ; Median = 138.57 ; Mode = 125
5. 42.2 kg 6. mean = 49.7 ; Median = 48.5 ; Mode = 46.1

31