S0903: Identify the natural diversity types of forests and seasons
Here's the correct matching for the items you've provided:
1) Mt. Everest - c) 8848 meters
2) Mt. Godwin Austin - d) 8611 meters
3) Guru Shikhar - b) 1722 meters
4) Deccan Plateau - a) 900 to 1100 meters
5) Old sediment - g) Bangar
6) New sediment - h) Khadar
7) Lakshadweep coral islands - e) Atolls
8) Stratified Rock - f) Limestone
b) Answer the following in one or two sentences (Any two) (2 marks)
Here are the answers to your questions:
1) **Which right is considered as a ‘soul of constitution’ by Babasaheb Ambedkar?**
The right to constitutional remedies is considered the 'soul of the Constitution' by
Babasaheb Ambedkar, as it ensures individuals can seek justice for violations of
their fundamental rights.
2) **Which are the two rights included in Right to Equality?**
The two rights included in the Right to Equality are equality before the law and the
prohibition of discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
3) **Which awards are felicitated in the various fields by the Government?**
The Government of India awards various honors, including the Padma Awards
(Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri), the Bharat Ratna, and the
National Film Awards, among others.
4) **How long can a person be detained under the preventive detention act?**
A person can be detained under the preventive detention act for a maximum of
three months without obtaining the opinion of an advisory board, but this period can
vary based on specific laws and circumstances.
5) **Write about the preventive detention act.**
The preventive detention act allows the government to detain individuals without
trial to prevent them from committing certain offenses, often justified by national
security or public order concerns.
6) **What are the main objectives of the Directive Principle of State Policy?**
The main objectives of the Directive Principles of State Policy are to promote
social and economic justice, ensure the welfare of the people, and guide the
government in policy-making to achieve a fair and equitable society.
7) **When is Fundamental Duty Day celebrated?**
Fundamental Duty Day is celebrated on December 2nd each year in India, to
promote awareness of the fundamental duties enshrined in the Constitution.
8) **At what age can children not be made to work in any dangerous profession?**
Children under the age of 14 cannot be employed in any hazardous occupations
or dangerous processes as per the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act.
9) **What are the Fundamental Rights?**
The Fundamental Rights are a set of rights guaranteed by the Constitution of
India, including the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, protection
against discrimination, right to life and personal liberty, and the right to
constitutional remedies.
10) **Up to which age do children have the right to get free and compulsory
education?**
Children have the right to free and compulsory education up to the age of 14
years, as mandated by the Right to Education Act, 2009.
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c) Choose the correct option from those given below. (Any one)
Here are the correct options for each question:
1) **Which treaty was the root cause of the First World War?**
**C) Frankfurt treaty**
2) **Which provinces did France lose in the Frankfurt treaty?**
**B) Lorraine and Alsace.**
3) **When did the Bolshevik revolution start?**
**B) 7 Nov, 1917
4) **When was the war started between Russia and Japan?**
**A) 1904-1905 A.D.**
d) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option from the following (Any one)
Here are the correct options to fill in the blanks:
1) Mansarovar lies in **A) Greater Himalayas** mountain range.
2) **B) Jhelum** is the tributary of Sindhu River.
3) The **C) Malwa** plateau lies between Aravali and Vindhyachal.
4) **C) Water** is the basic resource for agriculture.
5) **B) Black** soil has the capacity to retain moisture for a long time.
6) Patkoi hill: Arunachal Pradesh, Lushai hills: **B) Mizoram**.
SO936: Map of river system in India, Natural geographical population
distribution
Here are the answers to your questions:
1) **Which are the main divisions of the Himalayan range?**
The main divisions of the Himalayan range are the Greater Himalayas (Himadri),
the Lesser Himalayas (Himachal), and the Outer Himalayas (Siwalik).
2) **Which mountain ranges are located in the Central Himalayas?**
The mountain ranges located in the Central Himalayas include the Pir Panjal,
Dhauladhar, and Zanskar ranges.
3) **Which cities are situated in the Ganga plain?**
Major cities situated in the Ganga plain include Allahabad, Varanasi, Kanpur,
Lucknow, and Patna.
4) **Which are the non-metallic minerals?**
Non-metallic minerals include limestone, gypsum, salt, potash, and phosphates.
5) **How many types of soils are there in India? Which are they?**
There are eight main types of soils in India: alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite
soil, arid soil, mountain soil, saline soil, and peat soil.
6) **In which states of India are alluvial soils found?**
Alluvial soils are primarily found in states like Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, West Bengal, and parts of Assam and Gujarat.
7) **How many types of rocks are there? Which are they?**
There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
8) **Write a short note on ‘desert soil’.**
Desert soil, typically found in arid regions, is characterized by low organic matter
and moisture content. It often has a sandy texture and is prone to erosion. Nutrient
deficiencies are common, making it less suitable for agriculture without irrigation.
9) **Explain the following terms:**
**A) Bhabar:** Bhabar is a region at the foothills of the Himalayas where rivers
deposit pebbles and boulders, creating a porous layer that absorbs water. This area
is characterized by dense vegetation.
**B) Minerals:** Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic substances with a
definite chemical composition and crystalline structure. They are essential for
various industrial applications and are classified as metallic and non-metallic.
10) **Which passes are located in the Greater Himalayas?**
Notable passes located in the Greater Himalayas include the Khyber Pass, Nathu
La, and Shipki La.
11) **Explain the following terms:**
**A) Regolith:** Regolith refers to the layer of loose, heterogeneous material
covering solid rock, including soil, broken rock, and other debris. It is the material
from which soils are formed.
**B) Bundelkhand:** Bundelkhand is a region located in central India, spanning
parts of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, known for its historical significance and
semi-arid climate.
12) **Which minerals are used as alloys?**
Minerals used as alloys include iron (in steel), nickel (in stainless steel), chromium
(in stainless steel and other alloys), and manganese (in ferromanganese).
SO938: Interpretation of texts and signs relating to liberty, equality and
fraternity.
Here are detailed answers to your questions:
1) **Mention the rights under ‘Minority Provision’.**
The Minority Provisions in the Indian Constitution include the right of minorities to
establish and administer educational institutions (Article 30), the right to conserve
their culture, script, and language (Article 29), and the prohibition of discrimination
on grounds of religion, race, caste, or language in educational institutions (Article
15).
2) **‘Equality before law’ and ‘Equal protection of law’ are included in Right to
equality—Explain.**
*Equality before law* means that every individual is subject to the same laws of
justice, irrespective of status. No one is above the law, and all individuals have
equal access to the legal system. *Equal protection of law* ensures that individuals
in similar situations are treated equally and protects against discriminatory laws.
Together, they form the cornerstone of a just legal system that upholds individual
rights.
3) **Explain the importance of fundamental rights.**
Fundamental Rights are essential as they protect individual freedoms and ensure
the rule of law in a democracy. They safeguard citizens from arbitrary actions by the
state, promote human dignity, and empower individuals to challenge injustices.
These rights create a framework for equality, freedom, and justice, fostering a sense
of security and belonging in society.
4) **Write a short note on ‘Right against exploitation’.**
The Right against Exploitation includes provisions that prohibit human trafficking,
forced labor, and child labor (Articles 23 and 24). This right aims to protect
vulnerable groups from economic and social exploitation, ensuring dignity and
justice for all individuals, particularly marginalized communities. It underscores the
importance of ethical treatment and fair labor practices in society.
5) **Mention fundamental duties as mentioned in the constitution.**
The fundamental duties, as outlined in Article 51A, include:
- To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals.
- To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for
freedom.
- To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
- To promote the spirit of common brotherhood and discourage any form of
discrimination.
- To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country.
- To protect and improve the natural environment.
- To develop the scientific temper and humanism.
- To safeguard public property and to strive towards excellence in all spheres of
individual and collective activity.
6) **Give information about ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’.**
The Directive Principles of State Policy, outlined in Part IV of the Constitution,
provide guidelines for the state to ensure social and economic justice. These
principles aim to promote welfare measures, including the right to work, education,
and public assistance. They encourage the state to implement policies that reduce
inequalities, promote economic development, and enhance the quality of life for all
citizens. While not justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the
country.
7) **How Babasaheb Ambedkar has described ‘Right to constitutional remedies’?**
Babasaheb Ambedkar described the Right to Constitutional Remedies as the
"heart and soul" of the Constitution, emphasizing its critical role in enforcing other
fundamental rights. He believed that without this right, the fundamental rights
would be rendered meaningless, as it empowers individuals to approach the courts
for protection against violations of their rights.
8) **Write a short note on ‘Right to freedom of religion’.**
The Right to Freedom of Religion, enshrined in Articles 25 to 28, guarantees
individuals the freedom to practice, profess, and propagate their religion. This right
ensures that individuals can follow their beliefs without interference from the state.
It also includes the right to manage religious affairs and prohibits discrimination
based on religion, thus promoting pluralism and harmony in a diverse society.
9) **Explain about Cultural and Educational Rights.**
Cultural and Educational Rights, enshrined in Articles 29 and 30, protect the
interests of minorities by allowing them to conserve their culture, language, and
script. These rights also empower minorities to establish and administer educational
institutions of their choice, ensuring their access to education and preservation of
their cultural heritage. This framework promotes diversity and inclusiveness within
the Indian education system.
10) **Write a short note on directive principles for health policy.**
The Directive Principles of State Policy emphasize the importance of health and
well-being as fundamental to the development of society. They direct the state to
secure the right to health for all citizens, ensure the provision of healthcare
facilities, and promote the improvement of public health. These principles guide the
formulation of health policies, aiming to provide accessible, affordable, and quality
healthcare services, ultimately contributing to the nation's overall socio-economic
development.
SO922: Explains the causes and effects of various revolutions.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. **Explain the factors responsible for the First World War.**
The First World War was caused by a combination of factors, including:
- **Militarism:** European powers engaged in an arms race, building large
militaries and stockpiling weapons.
- **Alliances:** Complex alliances (e.g., Triple Alliance and Triple Entente) created
a web of commitments that drew multiple nations into the conflict.
- **Imperialism:** Competition for colonies and resources heightened tensions
among European powers, particularly in Africa and Asia.
- **Nationalism:** Nationalistic fervor contributed to rivalries, especially in the
Balkans, where Slavic nationalism clashed with Austro-Hungarian interests.
- **Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand:** The assassination in June 1914
triggered a series of events leading to the war as countries mobilized in defense of
their alliances.
2. **Write a short note on the aims of the ‘League of Nations’.**
The League of Nations was established after World War I with the primary aim of
maintaining world peace and preventing future conflicts. Its goals included
disarmament, resolving international disputes through negotiation and diplomacy,
promoting social and economic cooperation, and ensuring collective security by
discouraging aggression through collective action.
3. **Write a short note on the Treaty of Versailles.**
The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919 to formally end World War I. It imposed
severe reparations and territorial losses on Germany, limiting its military capabilities
and assigning blame for the war. The treaty aimed to prevent future conflicts but
also fostered resentment in Germany, contributing to the rise of nationalism and
ultimately World War II.
4. **Discuss the process of establishment of colonies in Africa by European
countries.**
The establishment of colonies in Africa by European countries occurred during the
late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily driven by the Scramble for Africa.
European powers sought to expand their empires for economic gain, strategic
advantage, and national prestige. This process involved:
- **Exploration and Mapping:** European explorers surveyed the continent,
leading to claims of territories.
- **Berlin Conference (1884-1885):** Major European powers met to regulate
colonization and trade in Africa, effectively dividing the continent among
themselves without regard for existing ethnic or cultural boundaries.
- **Military Conquest:** European armies used superior technology to defeat local
resistance, establishing control over vast territories.
- **Economic Exploitation:** Colonies were used for resource extraction,
plantation agriculture, and trade, benefiting European economies at the expense of
African societies.
5. **From the following list identify the countries of Asia and Africa.**
- **Countries of Asia:**
- India
- Sri Lanka
- Myanmar
- Iraq
- Kuwait
- Saudi Arabia
- **Countries of Africa:**
- Cape (often refers to Cape Verde, but commonly associated with South Africa's
Cape region)
- Algeria
- Tunisia
- Morocco
- Congo
