.
NAME OF THE TYPE SOIL CLIMATE AREA GROWN SPECIAL FEATURES
CROP
Rice Kharif crop Alluvial soil Requires high temperature, Plains of north and north- ● India is the second largest
(above 25°C) and high humidity eastern India, coastal areas and producer of rice in the
with annual rainfall above 100 the deltaic regions. world after China
cm.
In areas of less rainfall such
as Punjab, Haryana and
western Uttar Pradesh and
parts of Rajasthan it can be
grown with proper
irrigation.
Wheat Rabi crop Alluvial soil in Requires a cool growing season The Ganga-Satluj plains in the ● It is the second most
North and Black and a bright sunshine at the time northwest and black soil region important cereal crop.
soil in South of ripening. of the Deccan ●
Requires 50 to 75 cm of annual Punjab, Haryana, Uttar ● It is the main food crop, in
rainfall evenly distributed over Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and north and north-western
the growing season parts of Madhya Pradesh part of the country.
Maize Kharif crop Old alluvial soil Requires temperature between Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, ● Use of modern inputs such
21°C to 27°C Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, as HYV seeds, fertilisers
Both as food and
Telangana and Madhya and irrigation have
fodder crop
Pradesh contributed to the
increasing production
Bihar grows maize in Rabi
season
NAME OF THE TYPE SOIL CLIMATE AREA GROWN SPECIAL FEATURES
CROP
Millets also known High nutritional value
as coarse grains
Jowar
It is a rain-fed crop mostly grown Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Jowar is the third most
in the moist areas Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh important food crop with
respect to area and production
Bajra Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh,
grows well on sandy
Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana
soils and shallow
black soil.
grows well on red, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal
Ragi Grows in dry regions
black, sandy, loamy Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim,
and shallow black Jharkhand and Arunachal Pradesh
soils
Pulses Both kharif and rabi Pulses need less moisture and Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, India is the largest producer as
survive even in dry conditions. Rajasthan, Maharashtra and well as the consumer of pulses
(tur (arhar), urad,
Karnataka. in the world
moong, masur,
peas and gram) grown in rotation with other
crops
Being leguminous crops, all
these crops except arhar help
in restoring soil fertility by
fixing nitrogen from the air
Sugarcane A tropical as well as a grown on a variety grows well in hot and humid Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, India is the second largest
subtropical crop. of soils climate with a temperature of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra producer of sugarcane only
21°C to 27°C and an annual Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab after Brazil
rainfall between 75cm. and and Haryana
Main source of sugar, gur
100cm
(jaggary), khandsari and
molasses
Oil seeds Different oil seeds are grown
covering approximately 12 per
oil-seeds produced
cent of the total cropped area
in India are
Groundnut is a kharif Gujarat is the largest producer of of the country
groundnut,
crop groundnut followed by Andhra
mustard, coconut, India was the second largest
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
sesamum (til), producer of groundnut in the
soyabean, castor world after china
seeds, cotton Linseed and mustard are
rabi crops. edible and used as cooking
seeds, linseed and
mediums
sunflower Sesamum is a kharif crop
in north and rabi crop in used as raw material in the
south India production of soap, cosmetics
and ointments
Castor seed is grown
both as rabi and kharif
crop.
NAME OF THE TYPE SOIL CLIMATE AREA GROWN SPECIAL FEATURES
CROP
Tea Plantation and deep and fertile grows well in tropical and sub- Assam, hills of Darjeeling and an important beverage crop
well-drained soil, tropical climates Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, introduced in India initially by
beverage crop
rich in humus and Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Apart the British.
Tea bushes require warm and moist
organic matter from these, Himachal Pradesh,
frost-free climate all through the a labour intensive industry
Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra
year.
Pradesh and Tripura India was the second largest
Frequent showers evenly producer of tea after China
distributed over the year ensure
continuous growth of tender
leaves.
Coffee Plantation and Initially its cultivation was Indian coffee is known in the
introduced on the Baba Budan world for its good quality
beverage crop
Hills and even today its
cultivation is confined to the
Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and
Tamil Nadu.
Non-Food Crops
Rubber Fibre Cotton Jute
It is an equatorial crop. Cotton, Jute, Hemp and Natural It is a Kharif crop. It is known as the golden fibre.
Silk are the four major fibre
crops.
It requires a moist and Cotton, Jute and Hemp are It requires high It grows well on well-drained fertile soils in the
humid climate with rainfall grown in the soil. temperature, light rainfall, 210 flood plains. High temperature is required for its
of more than 200cm and frost-free days and bright growth.
temperature above 25°C. sunshine for its growth.
It is an important industrial Natural Silk is obtained from Cotton grows It is used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn,
raw material cocoons of the silkworms fed on well in black cotton soil of the carpets and other artefacts.
green leaves Deccan plateau.
Mainly grown in Kerala, Rearing of silkworms for the Major cotton-producing states Major jute producing states are West Bengal, Bihar,
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka production of silk fibre is known are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Assam, Odisha and Meghalaya.
and Andaman and Nicobar as Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,
Islands and Garo hills of Sericulture. Andhra Pradesh,
Meghalaya. Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Punjab,
Haryana and
Uttar Pradesh.
