Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

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This exam paper must not be removed from the venue
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School of Biomedical Sciences

EXAMINATION
Semester One Final Examinations, 2019

BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

This paper is for St Lucia Campus students.

Examination Duration: 120 minutes

For Examiner Use Only
Reading Time: 10 minutes
Question Mark
Exam Conditions:

This is a Central Examination

This is a Closed Book Examination - specified materials permitted

During reading time - write only on the rough paper provided

This examination paper will be released to the Library

Materials Permitted In The Exam Venue:

(No electronic aids are permitted e.g. laptops, phones)

Calculators - Casio FX82 series or UQ approved (labelled)

Materials To Be Supplied To Students:

1 x Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Instructions To Students:

Additional exam materials (eg. answer booklets, rough paper) will be

provided upon request.

Students are required to write their Name and Student Number on the front
cover and each new section of the examination paper, as well as the MCQ
marking sheet.

Page 1 of 28
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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

Instructions for Completing your MCQ Answer Sheet

1. The computer answer sheet must be handled with care. [Do not curl, crease, fold, staple or pin.]

2. Use only HB or B pencils. Press firmly. [Do not use any H-grade pencil, ball-point pens, or ink pens.]

3. • Print your surname and initials (without full stops) in the line of large boxes under the headings
"SURNAME" and "INITS".
• Shade in completely the corresponding box beneath each letter.
[If your surname consists of two or more words, is hyphenated (-), or has an apostrophe ('), shade the blank
box above the A at the top of the surname area.]
• Repeat this procedure for "STUDENT NUMBER".

4. Complete, in the space provided: "COURSE CODE" and "DATE".

5. Complete the answer boxes by shading the appropriate box completely. Do not extend the shading outside
the box area.

6. Do not leave any questions out. If you are unable to respond to a question (or you are advised to ignore a
question during the examination), shade the box marked with a "?" to the right of the answer area.

7. Take care when making

corrections. Erased marks must
be completely erased.

8. Ask for a new answer sheet if you

have made too many erasures.
S
Check List A
 Have you completed the M
"Surname" and indicated at least
one initial? P
 Is your "Student
indicated correctly?
Number"
L
 Have you indicated the "Course
code" and the "Date" in the space
E
provided?

 Have you shaded ONE response

only to every multiple-choice
question on your exam paper?
O
 Have you completely erased all N
unwanted marks?

Good Luck!
L
Y

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

…….…..…..…….…...……. …………….…………………...………… …………..

Student Number Surname Initials

SECTION A – MULTIPLE CHOICE

Recommended time = 80 minutes
Number of questions = 40
_______________________________________________

 Only ONE correct response is possible for each question

 For each question indicate your answer (A – E) in the corresponding numbered space on the
computer answer sheet
 If you DO NOT know the answer, mark the “?” box on your answer sheet to gain 0.4 marks
 Each question carries equal marks
________________________________________________________________________________

1 Which of the following statements about the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors is
INCORRECT? [2 marks]
A They are coupled to heterotrimeric G-proteins in their signal transduction pathway
B They mediate their responses by producing a second messenger
C Their ligands act on the receptor from the extracellular side of the membrane, without
crossing the cell membrane
D They are found inside cells
E They mediate actions that are relatively fast, but slower than ligand-gated ion channels
[38014]
Background for Q2
Insulin acts on cells in the body by stimulating the insulin receptor, which is a member of the tyrosine
kinase-linked receptor family.
2 Which of the following is a property of this family of receptors? [2 marks]
A When insulin binds, its receptor forms a dimer and sets off a cascade of phosphorylation
of target proteins
B Phosphorylation events as a result of insulin receptor stimulation always cause
inactivation of the target proteins
C The cellular response to stimulation of insulin receptors is slower than the response to
stimulation of steroid receptors
D Substrates for this family of receptors must be lipid soluble because the receptors are
located intracellularly
E Insulin receptors have seven transmembrane spanning domains
[39064]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

3 Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in
the Calvin cycle? [2 marks]
A H2O and O2
B electrons and H+
C CO2 and glucose
D ATP and NADPH
E ADP, Pi, and NADP+
[50131]

4 A person working with plants may remove apical dominance by doing which one of the
following? [2 marks]
A deep watering of the roots
B fertilising
C transplanting
D feeding nutrients to the plants
E pruning
[50132]

5 Like many plant processes, transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires
all of the following EXCEPT [2 marks]
A specific membrane proteins
B xylem membranes
C ATP
D active transport
E a proton gradient
[50133]

6 If you were shipping green bananas to a supermarket thousands of miles away, which of the
following chemicals would you want to eliminate from the plants' environment? [2 marks]
A cytokinins
B ethylene
C gibberellic acids
D CO2
E auxin
[50134]

7 Plants often use changes in day length (photoperiod) to trigger events such as dormancy and
flowering. It is logical that plants have evolved this mechanism because photoperiod changes
[2 marks]
A are correlated with moisture availability
B alter the amount of energy available to the plant
C can reset the biological clock
D are more predictable than air temperature changes
E are modified by soil temperature changes
[50135]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

8 According to the ABC model of floral development, a flower with multiple carpels but no
stamens, sepals or petals would express [2 marks]
A A and C genes only
B A genes only
C B genes only
D A and B genes only
E C genes only
[50136]

9 Agrobacterium tumefaciens is routinely used to produce genetically modified plants but some
species are not amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In those cases, an
alternative transformation method is: [2 marks]
A meristem culture
B E. coli plasmid transfer
C biolistic transformation using the gene gun
D root cultures
E protoplast extraction
[50137]

Background for Q10

Glutamate is an example of an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts via direct synaptic
transmission when it is released from presynaptic neurons in the brain.
10 Which of the following is a mechanism by which an action potential is LEAST likely to occur
in the associated postsynaptic neuron? Summation of ionic events [2 marks]
A temporally from rapid stimulation of the presynaptic neurons that release glutamate
B spatially from the glutamate-releasing neurons and other neurons releasing an excitatory
neurotransmitter that acts via an indirect mechanism
C spatially from the glutamate-releasing neurons and other neurons releasing the excitatory
transmitter, aspartate
D spatially from the neurons releasing glutamate and other neurons releasing the inhibitory
transmitter, GABA
E spatially from many postsynaptic neurons that release glutamate
[37224]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

Background for Q11 and Q12

Answer the following two questions based on this background information.
Adeline is working part-time as an assistant at a dental surgery, while she is studying at UQ. One day,
Ms T comes to have a decaying tooth tooth removed. When the dentist gets ready to give Ms T an
injection of the local anaesthetic, lignocaine, Adeline thinks about what she learned in BIOL1040
about membrane potentials in nerves and how lignocaine works.

11 Before administering the lignocaine injection to Ms T, the dentist was touching close to the area
of the problem tooth with his probe and the patient gave a sudden shout due to the pain she
experienced. The action potentials generated in neurons in the pain pathway [2 marks]
A will move more rapidly along the axon if the neurons are unmyelinated than if they are
myelinated
B have a magnitude with respect to change in membrane potential that is dependent on the
strength of the depolarising stimulus
C occur because the membrane potential reaches a threshold level of about -90 mV
D involve the active transport of K+ ions out of the cell during the repolarisation phase
E involve the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels during the depolarisation phase
[39068]

12 When the dentist gives Ms T the local anaesthetic, Adeline thinks about how lignocaine works
from her BIOL1040 lectures and prac. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
[2 marks]
A The pain nerves in the patient’s mouth have a positive resting membrane potential
B During the repolarisation phase of an action potential, voltage-gated K+ channels open
and voltage-gated Na+ channels inactivate
C Generation of action potentials in the pain nerves in Ms T’s mouth requires the opening
of voltage-gated Cl- channels
D Lignocaine prevents the voltage-gated Na+ channels in the neurons from moving from the
open to the inactivated state
E Lignocaine stimulates the activity of voltage-gated Na+ channels
[39067]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

Background for Q13

Stimulation of the heart by sympathetic nerves occurs via the following sequence of events:
When the frequency of stimulation of the sympathetic nerves is increased, the preganglionic neurons
release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, resulting in direct synaptic transmission by stimulating
nicotinic receptors, and depolarisation of the postganglionic neuron.
When the action potential travels along the postganglionic neuron, noradrenaline is released at the
synapse with the cardiac muscle and stimulates β1-adrenoceptors. β1-Adrenoceptors are in the G
protein-coupled receptor family and result in production of cyclic AMP when the receptors are
stimulated.

13 Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding this sympathetic neurotransmission to the

heart? [2 marks]
A The sympathetic ganglia, where the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons synapse, are
found distant from the spinal cord in the heart muscle
B Stimulation of β1-adrenoceptors in the cardiac muscle is an example of indirect
transmission, resulting in a cascade of production of the second messenger, cyclic AMP,
in the cardiac cells
C Direct transmission at the ganglia occurs by opening of ligand-gated sodium channels,
and then generation of an action potential at the axon hillock of the postganglionic neuron
D Opening of voltage-gated calcium channels on the preganglionic neuron results in an
influx of Ca2+ ions
E Release of acetylcholine from the preganglionic neuron and of noradrenaline from the
postganglionic neuron occur by exocytosis
[35973]

14 Which one of the following statements about the brain is INCORRECT? [2 marks]
A Grey matter contains the cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons of neurons
B Cerebrospinal fluid supplies nutrients to, removes waste from and protects the brain
C The type of glial cells that form the blood brain barrier is the Schwann cells
D The grey matter is predominantly found in the outer part of brain tissue
E Emotions are determined by several areas of the brain that are collectively referred to as
the limbic system
[32222]

15 Which of the following sentences about human muscle tissue is INCORRECT? [2 marks]
A Smooth muscle is found within the walls of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and the
reproductive tract
B Cardiac muscle is only found within the heart
C Both cardiac and skeletal muscle are striated, which means that they have a striped
appearance
D Skeletal muscle cells are long and thin, and also known as muscle fibres
E Skeletal muscle cells are connected by intercalated disks, which allows electrical signal
to pass from one cell to another
[49929]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

16 Which of the following sentences about muscle force is INCORRECT? [2 marks]

A Sarcomere length influences the total amount of force that may be produced
B Both the series elastic component and the parallel elastic component of a muscle
contribute to passive force development
C Muscle force is influenced by the number of active single motor units
D More force can be produced during a concentric contraction compared to an eccentric
contraction
E The muscle’s physiological cross sectional area is dependent on muscle volume and
muscle fibre length
[49931]

17 Which of the following sentences about Hill’s mechanical model of the muscle-tendon unit is
INCORRECT? [2 marks]
A The tendon is considered part of the series elastic component
B The contractile component relates to actin and myosin cross bridges
C The perimysium layer is considered part of the parallel elastic component
D Titin is considered part of the contractile component
E Both the series elastic component and the parallel elastic component of a muscle
contribute to passive force development
[49932]

18 Which of the following sentences about skeletons is INCORRECT? [2 marks]

A The human skeleton is important for support, protection and movement
B The skull, spine and rib cage are part of the human axial skeleton
C In an adult skeleton, some fibrous joints do not allow any movement
D The joints between our bones allow movement to occur
E A hydroskeleton is a hard covering on the outside of a body, like a shell
[49933]

19 Which of the following sentences about muscle activation is INCORRECT? [2 marks]

A The neuromuscular junction forms the connection between the nervous system and the
muscle fibres
B The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction is acetylcholine
C Electromyography is the tool used to measure the activation of motoneurons in the spinal
cord
D A myoelectric action potential is the name given to an action potential that is travelling
along a muscle fibre
E Once generated at the level of a muscle fibre, the action potential travels along the fibre
and into the T-tubule
[49935]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

Background for Q20, Q21 and Q22

Answer the following three questions based on this background information.
Charlie Cheater is a cyclist who is competing in the Tour de France.
At rest, Charlie’s heart rate is 55 beats per minute, his respiratory rate is 10 breaths per minute, his
cardiac output is 6.6 L/min and his blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg.
During the race, his heart rate increases to 210 beats per minute and his cardiac output increases to
46.2 L/min.

20 Calculate Charlie’s stroke volume during the race [2 marks]

A 120 mL
B 220 mL
C 2.2 L
D 4.5 L
E 9,702 mL
[35713]

21 What mediates the increase in Charlie’s heart rate during the race? [2 marks]
A increased activation of the atrioventricular node
B decreased pH being sensed at the pons and medulla
C increased parasympathetic stimulation at the sinoatrial node
D increased sympathetic stimulation at the sinoatrial node
E vasodilatation of blood vessels supplying the skeletal muscle
[35714]

22 At the end of the race, Charlie is tested for ‘blood doping’ and found to have synthetic
erythropoietin in his blood.
Which one of the following statements about the actions of erythropoietin is INCORRECT?
[2 marks]
A Erythropoietin will inhibit the development of erythrocytes in the bone marrow
B Erythropoietin is synthesised in the kidney
C Erythropoietin will increase the haematocrit
D Erythropoietin is used clinically to treat anaemia resulting from chronic kidney disease
E Release of endogenous erythropoietin occurs in response to a decrease in oxygen-carrying
capacity in the blood
[35715]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

23 Humans ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing, whereas amphibia use positive
pressure breathing. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT when comparing these
two ways of breathing? [2 marks]
A Exhalation occurs in humans when the volume of the chest cavity decreases
B Air enters the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is lower than that of the air outside
the body in humans
C Air is pushed into the lungs by forced airflow in amphibia
D The lungs in humans and amphibia empty completely with each breath
E The diaphragm contracts during inhalation in humans
[50196]
Background for Q24 and 25
Jason is doing some strenuous training to prepare for the upcoming athletics championships. Answer
the following questions in relation to how oxygen reaches his muscles in sufficient amount to sustain
him during the exercise.
24 Which of the following is a property of haemoglobin in Jason’s blood that allows him to obtain
sufficient oxygen for his skeletal muscle fibres? [2 marks]
A Haemoglobin is approximately 75% saturated with oxygen at an oxygen partial pressure
of about 15 mmHg, so that there is a large reserve available late in the exercise
B Positive cooperativity results in the affinity of oxygen for haemoglobin progressively
decreasing as more molecules of oxygen bind to the haem group
C About 50% of the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin is already released in his
tissues when Jason is resting before the exercise
D Haemoglobin consists of a tetramer of four polypeptide subunits, sharing the interaction
with one haem / Fe2+ complex
E About 50% of the oxygen binding capacity of haemoglobin is released when the partial
pressure of oxygen in tissues is decreased from about 40 mmHg to 15 mmHg
[50198]
Jason is able to obtain an increased supply of oxygen from the haemoglobin in his blood during
exercise because of the Bohr shift in the haemoglobin saturation curve.
25 What is happening to the haemoglobin oxygen saturation curve due to the Bohr shift?
[2 marks]
A Increased CO2 causes more oxygen to be available to the tissues when the pH of blood
decreases, for example from 7.4 to 7.2
B Changing CO2 levels during exercise causes greater oxygen saturation of haemoglobin
when the pH of blood decreases from 7.4 to 7.2
C Decreased O2 causes more oxygen to be available to the tissues when the pH of blood
decreases by approximately 1 pH unit
D pH has no effect on the curve over the range of oxygen levels that will occur in Jason’s
blood during exercise
E Increased CO2 causes an increase in oxygen saturation of haemoglobin at a partial
pressure of 100 mmHg
[50199]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

26 The partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) varies between its highest and lowest values in the
circulation [2 marks]
A to only a small extent, because it is dependent on active transport of O2 across the systemic
capillaries
B to the same extent as the variation in partial pressure of CO2, i.e. by about 60 mmHg
C more markedly than the variation in partial pressure of CO2
D by about 160 mmHg, because expired air does not contain any oxygen
E to the same extent as the variation in partial pressure of CO2, i.e. by about 5 mmHg
[50197]

27 Which of the following statements about signalling is CORRECT? [2 marks]

A Endocrine signalling is always faster than synaptic signalling
B Synaptic signalling requires a blood supply
C Neurotransmitters are used in endocrine signalling
D Paracrine signalling only has local effects
E Neurohormones only have effects on cells in the brain
[32877]

28 Endocrine systems are critical in your response to stress. Which one of the following does NOT
occur as a response to stress? [2 marks]
A Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) activates the adrenal medulla to secrete
adrenaline and noradrenaline
B Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) activates the anterior pituitary to produce
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C Mineralocorticoids increase blood volume and blood pressure
D The long-term response to stress is mediated by the adrenal cortex
E Glucocorticoids break down protein and fat in an attempt to increase blood glucose levels
[42512]

29 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding thyroid hormones? Thyroid

hormones [2 marks]
A are important for development into an adult in some organisms
B are regulated by negative feedback loops at both hypothalamic and pituitary levels
C require iodine for their formation
D have a very specific and limited number of target cells in the human body
E are important for maintaining homeostasis in some organisms
[43173]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

30 An Australian newspaper reported in January 2019 that Australian stem cell researchers had
created human fetuses from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Which of the following
statements suggest that this discovery was preposterous? [2 marks]
A Reproductive cloning is illegal in Australia
B Induced pluripotent stem cells are directly isolated from blastocysts
C Pluripotent stem cells cannot be differentiated
D Human induced pluripotent stem cells have yet to be created
E Australian scientists do not work in January
[49797]

31 Stem cell therapies based on the use of adult human stem cells are advantageous, because
[2 marks]
A whole eyes can be transplanted between patients
B large patches of skin can be grown in vitro from human embryonic stem cells
C autologous blood stem cells can be extracted from the patient’s own bone marrow
D adult stem cells are easily purified from monkey for use in humans
E brain organoids can be cultured from induced pluripotent stem cells
[49798]

32 Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a promising technique for [2 marks]

A generating small amounts of radioactive nuclear material for medical procedures
B therapeutic repair of fibroblasts arising from germ cells in the ovary
C creating totipotent stem cells
D creating cloned human embryonic stem cells
E curing genetic skin diseases with limbic stem cells
[49799]

33 The BEST example of the potential future use of stem cell technology in clinical medicine
comes from [2 marks]
A clinical trials using in vitro fertilisation derived embryonic stem cells for spinal cord
injury
B in vitro growth of bone marrow cells in heart transplants
C the ability to convert adult stem cells into embryonic stem cells
D somatic cell nuclear transfer of cornea from newborns to adult injured eyes
E the use of blastocysts to treat blisters on children with epidermolysis bullosa
[49800]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

34 In an experiment that showed females who eat more fruit end up living to an older age, which
of the following statements is CORRECT? [2 marks]
A The dependent variable is the amount of fruit consumed; the independent variable is age;
the gender of subjects will stay constant
B The dependent variable is the amount of fruit consumed; the independent variable is the
gender of subjects; age will stay constant
C The dependent variable is age; the independent variable is gender of subjects; the amount
of fruit consumed will stay constant
D The dependent variable is age; the independent variable is the amount of fruit consumed;
the gender of subjects will stay constant
E The dependent variable is the gender of subjects; the independent variable is the amount
of fruit consumed; the age will stay constant
[49552]

35 A strong hypothesis is one that is testable and falsifiable. Which of the following is NOT a
strong hypothesis? [2 marks]
A Adding fertiliser to my vegetable patch once a week will lead to mature vegetables
B With increasing time spent in the sun, the likelihood of beachgoers getting burnt will
increase
C If overfishing causes a decline in the numbers of mackerel in Moreton Bay, then reducing
the number of trawlers allowed to fish will increase mackerel stocks
D Breathing rate in humans is lower at sea level than at high altitude
E When offered five different types of fruit, the one picked most commonly by 100
chimpanzees suggests it is the one they like best
[49553]

36 You have created a 160 mM working solution of potassium chloride (KCl) using 1.2 mL of a
4 M stock solution of KCl. What is the final volume of this working solution? [2 marks]
A 3 mL
B 4.8 mL
C 30 mL
D 33.33 mL
E 48 mL
[49554]

37 Nerve “A” has 40 axons, each of which is 1 micrometre in diameter. Nerve “B” has 10 axons,
each of which is 30 micrometres in diameter. If you recorded the peak and duration of the
compound action potential from these nerves, you would expect [2 marks]
A Nerve A to have a smaller peak and longer duration relative to Nerve B
B Nerve A to have a larger peak and shorter duration than Nerve B
C Nerve A to have a smaller peak and shorter duration than Nerve B
D Nerve A to have a larger peak and longer duration than Nerve B
E Nerve A to have a larger peak but duration would not be different from Nerve B
[49555]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

38 In an experiment using a stimulus strength that activates all axons in the sciatic nerve of the
cane toad, increasing the temperature of frog Ringer’s solution that the nerve is bathed in will
NOT affect [2 marks]
A the time it takes for the cell membrane to depolarise
B the duration of the compound action potential generated
C the time it takes for all axons in the bundle to complete the response
D the number of compound action potentials generated
E the latency of the compound action potential generated
[49556]

39 Which of the following statements about the peak contractile force (CF) generated by the
gastrocnemius muscle of the cane toad is CORRECT? [2 marks]
A Increasing stimulus strength above the voltage that recruits all motor units will lead to an
increase in peak CF
B Changing the position of stimulating electrodes will lead to a change in peak CF
C Changing the passive force applied to the muscle will lead to a change in peak CF
D Applying successive stimuli at a rate of 1 pulse per second (1 Hz) will lead to a greater
peak CF than 20 pulses per second (20 Hz)
E Decreasing stimulus strength above the voltage that recruits all motor units will lead to
an increase in peak CF
[49557]

40 In an experiment investigating mechanical summation in a muscle, an appropriate negative

control would be [2 marks]
A a series of pulses delivered at high frequency
B the passive force applied to the muscle
C the strength of stimulus applied to the attached nerve
D the temperature of frog Ringer’s solution applied
E a single stimulus pulse
[48552]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

SECTION B – SHORT ANSWER

Recommended time for this section is ten (10) minutes /10

[JK] .............................................................. ……………………… TOTAL

Student Number Surname

1 [Total Q1: 10 marks]

Joe works as a pathologist at the Royal Brisbane Hospital, and has just received blood samples from
FIVE (5) patients who are suspected of suffering from severe dehydration. Joe has conducted an
experiment on how these red blood cells respond to different concentrations of sodium chloride
(NaCl) and obtained data on packed cell volume (%) as shown in Table 1 at part (b) of this question.
Using your knowledge from the BIOL1040 Osmosis practical, answer the following questions.
a) Describe the experimental design Joe would have used to obtain packed cell volume of red
blood cells. You can use bullet points, but the description should be similar to the Methods
section in your practical reports, including all important details and avoiding trivial aspects.
[3 marks]
[49543]

CONTINUE WITH QUESTIONS ON NEXT PAGE

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

Question 1 cont.
The results of Joe’s experiment are presented in Table 1. Data are mean values at each concentration.

Table 1
[49548]

b) In the “Controls” column of Table 1 (above), indicate the positive and negative controls for this
experiment. [1 mark]

c) Plot the values from this data set in the grid below. [1 mark]
[49549]
d) Provide suitable axis labels and a professional figure legend for the graph. [3 marks]
[49550]

Figure:

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

Question 1 cont.

e) Explain the biological processes underlying the effect of different NaCl solutions on packed
cell volume of red blood cells. [2 marks]
[49551]

DO NOT ANSWER THIS QUESTION BEYOND THIS POINT

CONTINUE WITH QUESTIONS ON NEXT PAGE

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

SECTION C – SHORT ANSWER

Recommended time for this section is ten (10) minutes /10

[LL] .............................................................. ……………………… TOTAL

Student Number Surname

2 [Total Q2: 5 marks]

[50202]
Proteins have an important role in the transport across cell membranes of key molecules that do not
easily diffuse across the cell membrane by simple diffusion.
a) Briefly compare and contrast the properties of channels and transporters in membrane
transport. [2 marks]

b) Explain how Na+/K+-ATPase can couple with a glucose transporter to achieve transport of
glucose into cells against its concentration gradient. You may wish to use an annotated
diagram. [3 marks]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

3 The resting membrane potential in a neuron is approximately -70 mV.

Explain how Na+/K+-ATPase and other membrane proteins are involved in establishing and
maintaining this membrane potential. You may wish to use an annotated diagram to answer the
question.
[5 marks]
[50203]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

SECTION D – SHORT ANSWER

Recommended time for this section is five (5) minutes /5

[JB] .............................................................. ……………………… TOTAL

Student Number Surname

4 In some experiments on plants, you have introduced a mutation that results in continuous
activation of the outward potassium channels in stomata cells. What physiological
consequences would you expect in your plant? [5 marks]
[50140]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

SECTION E – SHORT ANSWER

Recommended time for this section is five (5) minutes /5

[KT] .............................................................. ……………………… TOTAL

Student Number Surname

5 [Total Q5: 5 marks]

[49938]

a) Complete the gaps in the following sentence:

Within a sarcomere, the thin fibres are known as _______________, and the thick fibres are known

as _________________. [1 mark]

b) Draw a correctly labelled diagram of a sarcomere that includes both the thin and thick fibres
as well as the third important protein that was discussed in your lectures. Also Include the Z-
line and m-line in your diagram. [2 marks]

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

Question 5 continued

c) Jess has just completed her first year exam. She pushes her chair back and stands up. Going
from sitting to standing requires what joint movement at her knees and at her hips? [1 mark]
Knee:

Hip:

d) Synovial joints have a synovial cavity filled with fluid between the adjoining bones. This
allows a relatively large range of movement. There were THREE (3) different synovial joint
types that were discussed in the lecture. What kind of joint is the hip joint? [1 mark]

CONTINUE WITH QUESTIONS ON NEXT PAGE

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

SECTION F – SHORT ANSWER

Recommended time for this section is ten (10) minutes /10

[PC] .............................................................. ……………………… TOTAL

Student Number Surname

6 The cardiac cycle describes the processes occurring in the heart during a single beat. It involves
THREE (3) major steps, all happening within 0.8 sec.
Using the information provided and your knowledge of the cardiac cycle, complete the FIVE
(5) empty boxes of the table below. [5 marks]
[49824]

Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves

(closed vs. open) (closed vs. open)
Cardiac Cycle

Step 1 (0.4sec) open

Step 2 (0.1sec)

Step 3 (0.3sec)

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

7 [Total Q7: 5 marks]

a) Define positive and negative feedback loops. [2 marks]

[49826]

b) State the effect of negative and positive feedback loops on restoring homeostasis. [1 mark]
[49827]

c) Using ONE (1) endocrine situation as an example, show how a negative feedback loop
works. [2 marks]
[49828]

END OF PAPER

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

ROUGH WORK
 This page is provided for rough working ONLY; it does not form part of the assessment.

 DO NOT answer any part of your question paper here. Additional paper is available on request
from the Supervisor if the space provided is insufficient.

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Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms

COMMENTS
 This page is available for you to make any anonymous comments or constructive criticisms of
questions in this test. It will be detached before the paper is marked.

 DO NOT answer any part of your question paper here. Additional paper is available on request
from the Supervisor if the space provided is insufficient.

Page 28 of 28