FENG 220 | Engineering Mathematics

ENGINEERING
MATHEMATICS
FENG 220
LECTURER: ING. LEONARD YOMMIE SESAY
Phone: +23276413865.
E-mail: leonardyommiesesay005@[Link]

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 FENG 220 | Engineering Mathematics

Classroom Etiquette
Please try to arrive on time for each class because late
arrivals are distracting.
If you arrive late, please enter quietly and take a seat near
the back of the room.
Please do not converse with your classmates during class.
All electronic devices (cell phones, iPods, iPads, laptops,
…) must not be used during the lectures.

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 FENG 220 | Engineering Mathematics

EXAMS
✓ In addition to a 3-hour final exam, there are two tests
during the semester.
✓ In case you miss a test, your score on that test will be zero
without an option for make-up.
✓ All tests and exams will be closed book.
✓ The regular exams will be given at the end of the semester.

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GRADING
✓ Each of the two tests will count as 25 points with the average of the
scores counting toward the final grade.
✓ The final exam will count as 70 points, and the test will count
collectively as 25 points, for a total of 95 points.
✓ Regular attendance will count for 5 points.
✓ Your final grade for the course will be based primarily on your total
point score, but other appropriate factors, such as participation and
personal initiative, will also be considered.

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OUTLINE OF TOPICS TO BE COVERED

1. FORCES
❖ Addition of forces, normal 3. EQUILIBRIUM
❖ equilibrium for a particle, connected
reaction, and resultant forces
particles, limiting equilibrium, and
❖ Parallel and non-parallel coplanar free body diagrams.
forces
❖ Equilibrium for a rigid body, 4. TRUSSES

❖ Two-force and three-force systems, 5. CENTRE OF MASS

compound systems ❖ Centre of mass of many particles,

2. MOMENT ❖ Centre of mass of extended bodies,
❖ Moment of a force composite bodies
❖ Moment of a couple

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LECTURE 01
FORCES

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CLASSWORK SET
Determine the magnitude of the If the magnitude of the resultant force is
resultant force and its direction, to be 500 N, directed along the positive y
measured counterclockwise. axis, determine the magnitude of force
from the positive x axis. F 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜃

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CLASSWORK SET
Determine the angle u for connecting member A to
the plate so that the resultant force of 𝐹𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝐵 is
directed horizontally to the right. Also, what is the
magnitude of the resultant force?

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 1

1. Resolve the force F2 into components acting
along the u and v axes and determine the
magnitudes of the components.

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2. Two forces 𝐹1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 act on the screw eye. If

their lines of action are at an angle u apart and the
magnitude of each force is 𝐹1 = 𝐹2 = F,
determine the magnitude of the resultant force FR
and the angle between 𝐹𝑅 and 𝐹1

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3. Determine the design angle

∅(0° ≤ ∅ ≤ 90° ) between struts AB and AC so
that the 400lb horizontal force has a component of
600lb which acts up to the left, in the same direction
as from B towards A. Take 𝜃 = 30° .

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4. Force F acts on the frame such that its component

acting along member AB is 650lb, directed from
B towards A. Determine the required angle
∅(0° ≤ ∅ ≤ 45° ) and the component acting
along member BC. Set 𝐹 = 850𝑙𝑏 and 𝜃 = 30° .

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COPLANAR FORCES
CLASSWORK SET
1. The end of the boom O is subjected to three
concurrent and coplanar forces. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant force.

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2. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force

acting on the plate and its direction, measured
counterclockwise from the positive x axis.

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 2

1. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force
and its direction, measured counterclockwise
from the positive x axis.

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2. Determine the x and y components of each force

acting on the gusset plate of a bridge truss. Show
that the resultant force is zero.

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3. If the resultant force acting on the bracket is

required to be a minimum, determine the
magnitudes of F1 and the resultant force.
𝑆𝑒𝑡 ∅ = 30°.

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4. If 𝐹1 = 300 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 = 10, determine the

magnitude and direction, measured
counterclockwise from the positive x- axis, of the
resultant force acting on the bracket.

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LECTURE 02

EQUILIBRIUM OF A
PARTICLE

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COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEMS

NB: The first step in solving any equilibrium problem is to draw the
particle’s free-body diagram. This requires removing all the supports
and isolating or freeing the particle from its surroundings and then
showing all the forces that act on it.
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
Coplanar force equilibrium problems for a particle can be solved
using the following procedure.
Free-Body Diagram.
• Establish the x, y axes in any suitable orientation.
• Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and directions
on the diagram.
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• The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can be

assumed.
Equations of Equilibrium.
• Apply the equations of equilibrium, 𝐹𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑦 = 0. For
convenience, arrows can be written alongside each equation to define
the positive directions.
• Components are positive if they are directed along a positive axis,
and negative if they are directed along a negative axis.
• If more than two unknowns exist and the problem involves a
spring, apply
𝐹 = 𝑘𝑠 to relate the spring force to the deformation s of the spring.

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• Since the magnitude of a force is always a positive quantity, then if

the solution for a force yields a negative result, this indicates that its
sense is the reverse of that shown on the free-body diagram.

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CLASSWORK SET
1. Determine the required length of cord AC so that the 8kg
lamp can be suspended in the position shown. The
′
undeformed length of spring AB is 𝑙𝐴𝐵 = 0.4 𝑚, and the
spring has a stiffness of 𝑘𝐴𝐵 = 300 𝑁/𝑚.

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2. The lift sling is used to hoist a container having a mass of

500𝑘𝑔. Determine the force in each of the cables AB and AC as a
function of 𝜃. If the maximum tension allowed in each cable is
5𝑘𝑁, determine the shortest length of cables AB and AC that can
be used for the lift. The center of gravity of the container is located
at G.

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 3

1. a) Determine the stretch in each spring for equilibrium of the
2kg block. The springs are shown in the equilibrium position. b)
The unstretched length of spring AB is 3 m. If the block is held
in the equilibrium position shown, determine the mass of the
block at D.

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2. The springs BA and BC each have a stiffness of 500 N/m and

an unstretched length of 3 m. Determine the displacement d of
the cord from the wall when a force F = 175 N is applied to the
cord.

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3. Each cord can sustain a maximum tension of 500 N. Determine

the largest mass of pipe that can be supported.

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4. Determine the maximum mass of the lamp that

the cord system can support so that no single cord
develops a tension exceeding 400 N.

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5. Cable ABC has a length of 5 m. Determine the position x and

the tension developed in ABC required for equilibrium of the
100-kg sack. Neglect the size of the pulley at B.

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MOMENT OF A FORCE (BY SCALAR

FORMULATION)
CLASSWORK SET
1. Determine the resultant moment of the four forces acting
on the rod about point O in the figure below.

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2. Determine the moment of the force about point O

as shown in the figure below.

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3. Force F acts at the end of the angle bracket as

shown in the figure below. Determine the moment
of the force about point O.

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 4

1. Determine the moment of each of the three forces
about point B.

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2. Determine the moment about point B of each of

the three forces acting on the beam.

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3. The crowbar is subjected to a vertical force of 𝑃 = 25𝑙𝑏 at

the grip, whereas it takes a force of 𝐹 = 155𝑙𝑏 at the claw to
pull the nail out. Find the moment of each force about point A
and determine if P is sufficient to pull out the nail. The
crowbar contacts the board at point A.

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4. If the man at B exerts a force of 𝑃 = 30𝑙𝑏 on his rope,

determine the magnitude of the force F the man at C must exert
to prevent the pole from rotating, i.e., so the resultant moment
about A of both forces is zero.

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MOMENT OF A COUPLE (BY SCALAR

FORMULATION)
CLASSWORK SET
1. Determine the resultant couple moment of the three couples
acting on the plate in the figure below.

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2. Determine the magnitude and direction of the couple

moment acting on the gear in the figure below.

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3. Two couples act on the beam. If 𝐹 = 125𝑙𝑏,

determine the resultant couple moment.

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 5

1. Two couples act on the beam. Determine the magnitude of F
so that the resultant couple moment is 450 [Link],
counterclockwise. Where on the beam does the resultant
couple moment act?

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2. Determine the magnitude of the couple forces F

so that the resultant couple moment on the crank
is zero.

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3. Determine the magnitude of F so that the resultant couple

moment is 12 kN.m, counterclockwise. Where on the beam
does the resultant couple moment act?

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4. Two couples act on the beam as shown.

Determine the magnitude of F so that the resultant
couple moment is 300 [Link] counterclockwise.
Where on the beam does the resultant couple act?

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5. Two couples act on the frame. If d = 4ft, determine the resultant

couple moment. Compute the result by resolving each force into
x and y components and (a) finding the moment of each couple
and (b) summing the moments of all the force components
about point B.

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LECTURE 03

EQUILIBRIUM OF A
RIGID BODY

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CLASSWORK SET
1. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction
on the beam caused by the pin at B and the rocker at A as
shown in Figure below. Neglect the weight of the beam.

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2. The box wrench in the figure shown below is used to

tighten the bolt at A. If the wrench does not turn when
the load is applied to the handle, determine the torque or
moment applied to the bolt and the force of the wrench
on the bolt.

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3. The uniform smooth rod shown in the figure shown

below is subjected to a force and couple moment. If the
rod is supported at A by a smooth wall and at B and C
either at the top or bottom by rollers, determine the
reactions at these supports. Neglect the weight of the rod.

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4. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of

reaction on the member at the pin A, and the normal
reaction at the roller B in figure shown below.

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5. Determine the support reactions on the member in Fig.

5–19a. The collar at A is fixed to the member and can
slide vertically along the vertical shaft.

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 6

1. Determine the components of the support reactions at the fixed
support A on the cantilevered beam.

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2. If rope BC will fail when the tension becomes 50kN,

determine the greatest vertical load F that can be applied to
the beam at B. What is the magnitude of the reaction at A for
this loading? Neglect the thickness of the beam.

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3. The smooth pipe rests against the opening at the points of

contact A, B, and C. Determine the reactions at these points
needed to support the force of 300 N. Neglect the pipe’s
thickness in the calculation.

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4. Determine the reactions on the bent rod which is

supported by a smooth surface at B and by a collar at A,
which is fixed to the rod and is free to slide over the
fixed inclined rod.

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LECTURE 04

STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS (TRUSSES)

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TRUSSES
THE METHOD OF JOINTS

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CLASSWORK SET
[Link] the force in each member of the truss shown in the
figure below and indicate whether the members are in tension or
compression.

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2. Determine the forces acting in all the members of

the truss shown in the figure below.

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3. Determine the force in each member of the truss

shown in the figure below. Indicate whether the
members are in tension or compression.

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 7

1. Determine the force in each member of the truss and state if the
members are in tension or compression.

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2. Determine the force in each member of the truss. State if the

members are in tension or compression.

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3. Determine the force in each member of the Pratt truss,

and state if the members are in tension or compression.

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4. Determine the force in each member of the truss and

state if the members are in tension or compression. Set
𝑃1 = 6 𝑘𝑁, 𝑃2 = 9 𝑘𝑁.

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5. Determine the force in each member of the truss and

state if the members are in tension or compression.
𝑆𝑒𝑡 𝑃1 = 8 𝑘𝑁, 𝑃2 = 12 𝑘𝑁.

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6. If the maximum force that any member can support is

8kN in tension and 6kN in compression, determine the
maximum force P that can be supported at joint D.

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LECTURE 05

CENTER OF MASS, CENTER

OF GRAVITY AND
CENTROID OF A BODY

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CLASSWORK SET
1. Locate the centroid of the rod bent into the shape of a
parabolic arc as shown in the figure below.

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2. Determine the distance y measured from the x axis to the

centroid of the area of the triangle shown in the figure
below.

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3. Locate the centroid of the area shown in figure below.

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 8

1. Determine the centroid 𝑦̅ of the shaded area.

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2. The steel plate is 0.3 m thick and has a density of

7850 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 . Determine the location of its center of
mass. Also find the reactions at the pin and roller
support.

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3. . Locate the center of gravity 𝑦̅ of the

homogeneous rod.

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4. Locate the centroid 𝑥̅ of the parabolic area.

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COMPOSITE BODIES

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CLASSWORK SET
1. Locate the centroid of the wire shown in the figure
below.

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2. Locate the centroid of the plate area shown in the figure

below.

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3. Locate the center of mass of the assembly shown in

the figure below. The conical frustum has a density of
𝜌𝑐 = 8 𝑀𝑔/𝑚3 , and the hemisphere has a density of
𝜌ℎ = 4𝑀𝑔/𝑚3 . There is a 25-mm-radius cylindrical
hole in the center of the frustum.

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET 9

1. Determine the location y of the centroid C of the beam having
the cross-sectional area shown.

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2. Locate the centroid (x, y) of the shaded area.

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3. Determine the location y of the centroidal axis 𝑥̅ = 𝑥̅ of the

beam’s cross-sectional area. Neglect the size of the corner
welds at A and B for the calculation.

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4. Determine the location (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅) of the center of gravity of the three-
wheeler. The location of the center of gravity of each component
and its weight are tabulated in the figure. If the three-wheeler is
symmetrical with respect to the x–y plane, determine the normal
reaction each of its wheels exerts on the ground.

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