Period 3, adapted from Unit 4 – Global Success

LESSON PLAN

UNIT 4: URBANISATION
Reading Skills - Urban Sprawl in Hanoi: Causes and Effects
I. OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, Ss will be able to:
1. Knowledge
o Define and apply key terms related to heritage preservation, such as conservation,
cultural significance, sustainable tourism, and heritage.
o Describe different heritage sites and identify challenges they face.
o Propose practical preservation plans for heritage sites.
2. Competences
o Improve vocabulary recall and understanding through interactive, context-based activities
(Vocabulary Treasure Hunt).
o Develop presentation and persuasive communication skills via group presentations and
discussions (Gallery Walk and Shark Tank).
o Enhance critical thinking by evaluating and comparing preservation plans created by
classmates.
3. Personal qualities
o Cultivate a sense of responsibility and respect toward cultural heritage and conservation.
o Foster appreciation for diverse cultural sites and promote active participation in heritage
protection.
II. MATERIALS:
Vocabulary Cards: Prepared with key terms such as conservation, heritage, sustainable tourism,
cultural significance, preservation, etc., for the "Vocabulary Treasure Hunt" activity.
 Poster Paper & Markers: For each group to create their "Heritage Preservation Plan" posters in
the Gallery Walk activity.
 Feedback Cards: Small cards or slips of paper for students to write comments or questions during
the Gallery Walk.
 Whiteboard, Markers, Projector: For presenting instructions, examples, and displaying any
images of heritage sites.
 Smartphones (optional): For students to look up additional information or images on their assigned
heritage sites for their presentations.
Language analysis
Form Example

1
 Nouns "Heritage" (n): Cultural heritage is a country's
identity.

Verbs "Preserve" (v): It's essential to preserve heritage sites.

Adjectives "Cultural" (adj): Cultural sites are valuable to

society.

Phrases "Sustainable tourism" (n phr): Sustainable tourism

helps protect natural areas while benefiting local
communities.

Sentence structure "We can preserve heritage by...": We can preserve

heritage by implementing stricter tourism controls.

Assumption
 Students have basic knowledge of heritage concepts but may not be familiar with specific terms
related to preservation.
 Students are comfortable with collaborative activities and willing to participate in interactive
tasks like the Vocabulary Treasure Hunt and Gallery Walk.

Anticipated difficulties Solutions

Unfamiliarity with vocabulary
terms: Students may struggle to Provide clear definitions on the vocabulary cards
understand terms such as and model example sentences before the activities
"sustainable tourism" or "cultural begin.
significance."
Difficulty creating sentences:
Conduct a quick brainstorming session on
Students may find it challenging
example sentences or provide sentence starters to
to use new vocabulary words in
guide them.
sentences.
Time management during Gallery
Set a timer for each station and give clear
Walk: Students may take too long
instructions on time limits, reminding students to
reviewing posters, leading to
be concise.
unfinished feedback rounds.
Shyness or lack of confidence in
Encourage a supportive environment, allow
presenting: Some students may
students to work in pairs for confidence, and
feel nervous about speaking in
praise efforts openly.
front of others.
Limited prior knowledge about
Allow students to use smartphones for quick
specific heritage sites: Students
research or provide brief background notes on
may not know much about their
each site beforehand.
assigned heritage site.

2
III. PROCEDURES: 45 minutes
1. WARM-UP (5 mins)
a. Objectives:
- To stir up the atmosphere and activate students’ knowledge on the urban sprawl of Hanoi;
- To set the context for the reading part;
- To enhance students’ skills of cooperating with teammates;
- To help Ss practise the skill of guessing words and phrases from context;
b. Content:
- Game: Crossword
c. Expected outcomes:
- Students join the game enthusiastically and gain knowledge on the topic.
d. Organisation:
Teacher’ activities Students’ activities Contents
- Deliver the - Work in groups of 6 - T prepares a picture of
crossword handout - Solve the crossword urban “sprawl”, a set of
to Ss - Make use of ChatGPT crosswords with the key
- Assign groups of 6 - Use hints to find out the word “sprawl” and different
to solve the hidden words/phrases; then write words and phrases relating
key phrase down the key hidden to the reading topic
- Encourage Ss to word - Ss read the hints to find out
use ChatGPT - Work well in teams and the words and phrases using
- Use and elicit the divide tasks equally ChatGPT
topic via the picture - Ss work in 6 teams
and the crossword Note: there are 6 key words
- Correct Ss’ (surrounding, propose, urban,
answers planning, growth, building) in the
puzzle and the hidden phrase is
“sprawl”
e. Assessment
- Teacher observes and provides help
2. ACTIVITY 1: GET TO KNOW TOPIC “URBAN SPRAWL” USING CHAT GPT (10 minutes)
a. Objectives:
- To activate prior knowledge about the topic and get Ss involved in the lesson
- To encourage students’ use of AI in the classroom
- To promote critical thinking skills
b. Content:
Task 1. Use Chat GPT to find out more information about “urban sprawl”.
- Encourage the use of AI in general reading about the topic;
- Lead students in the main reading passage;
- Find and summarize information about the causes and impacts of urban sprawl in Hanoi;
c. Expected outcomes:
- Students can understand how to use Chat GPT and summarize information
d. Organisation
Teacher’ activities Students’ activities Contents

3
 - Set a leading question - Discuss and respond to the - Ss give opinions on the
“Does urban sprawl leading question question
in cities like Hanoi - Give opinions on “urban - Ss work in groups of 6,
bring many issues?” sprawl situation” use chat GPT to find
by linking to the - Work in 6 groups information about the
hidden key word - Use Chat GPT to find out definition of urban sprawl
“sprawl” more information on the and its causes
- Ask for Ss’ opinions term, summarize all ideas - Ss summarize all
- Work in groups of 6 found via Mentimeter information via the
again - Use smartphones to do the Mentimeter link
- Ask Ss to find task - Ss do the task in 7 minutes
information on - Divide the work equally in
“urban sprawl”, groups
guiding Ss to focus - Work well in teams
more on the definition
and its causes
- Ask Ss to give ideas
via Mentimeter

e. Assessment
- Teacher checks Ss’ work around the class and provides help
3. ACTIVITY 2: READING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes)
a. Objectives:
- To help Ss practise skimming and scanning skills;
- To develop reading skills for specific information as for MCQs and matching headings;
- To develop finding key evidence of information while reading;
- To help Ss practice reading skills under time pressure;
b. Content:
- Task 2: Read the text below and match the headings for each of the following paragraphs.
- Task 3: Choose the best answers for each of the following questions. Write the answers in the column and give
notes/reasons for your answers (key words, phrases and evidence of information).
c. Expected outcomes:
- Students can understand the reading text and do the tasks successfully
- Students can work well in teams
d. Organisation
Teacher’ activities Students’ activities Contents
- Ask Ss to exchange - Discuss the leading - Ss discuss the answers and
their answers about the question give their opinions about the
term’s definition and its - Work in groups leading question
causes; further elicit the - Complete the matching - Ss work in groups of 6 again
leading question’s exercise and answer the - Ss receive the handout to
responses reading MCQs complete the matching
- Summarize Ss’ answers questions exercise and answer the
and their understanding - Complete the summary reading MCQs questions
on the term “urban table to give answers - Ss review the techniques to
4
 sprawl” and introduce and explanations for deal with two questions’
the text for more each question types (matching headings,
provided information - Review the techniques MCQs) in groups, complete
- Deliver the worksheet to deal with two types the summary table in 20
to Ss (Appendix B) including matching minutes
- Guide Ss to complete headings and MCQs - Ss work in groups
the tasks in groups of 6 - Work and discuss in 20
- Make sure Ss minutes
summarize their - Divide the reading
answers and take notes questions and find
in part b of Appendix answers/explanations
B
- Provide help around the
class
e. Assessment
- If students complete the tasks before provided time, teacher delivers the keys and asks Ss to check their work
in groups
- If there is time, Teacher can ask Ss to crosscheck before the Production activity
4. ACTIVITY 3: PRODUCTION (9 mins)
a. Objectives:
- To check Ss’ answers in groups actively and interactively;
- To involve Ss’ opinions on giving possible solutions to urban sprawl in Hanoi
b. Content:
- Task 4: Work in groups and crosscheck answers for Reading Comprehension
- Task 5: Propose solutions to urban sprawl problems in Hanoi
c. Expected outcomes:
- Students can successfully check other groups’ answers
- Students can propose solutions based on what they have read and understood about urban sprawl
d. Organisation:
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES STUDENTS’ ACTIVITIES CONTENTS
- Provide KEYS and possible - Check answers in Ss’ - Ss work in groups,
explanations for the Reading own and other groups check other groups’
Comprehension worksheet with Keys provided answers when they
- Ask Ss to check the table - Make questions if Ss finish completing the
completion summary feel curious about the table
- Provide explanations if answers - Ss work in groups and
needed - Discuss the leading discuss the question
- Repeat the leading question questions, and propose - Ss exchange answers
- Give the scenario to Ss solutions to urban
“If urban sprawl has many sprawl
problems, what would - Exchange answers in
students propose to deal class
with this issue?”
- Check Ss’ understandings

5
 - Ss use the mentimeter
link to note down the
answers (extra activity
if there is time)

e. Assessment
- Teacher checks students’ responses as the whole class
5. CONSOLIDATION (1minute)
a. Wrap-u
- Teacher asks students to talk about what they have learnt in the lesson.
b. Homework
- Do exercises in the workbook.
6. APPENDICES
Appendix A. The reading text
Urban Sprawl in Hanoi
A. Impacts of urban sprawl
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is a city that has seen rapid urbanisation in recent decades. With the growing
population, the city has been expanding into surrounding areas. This expansion, also known as urban sprawl,
has led to the development of high-rise buildings and new residential areas. While these changes have brought
modern conveniences such as reliable public transportation, convenient stores, and leisure facilities, they have
also created some concerns.
B. Traffic Challenges
One major concern is the increasing traffic, especially during rush hour. Roads become crowded, making it
difficult for residents to get to work or school on time. As the city expands, more people seek affordable
housing in suburban areas. However, this often leads to longer commutes and more reliance on private cars,
further contributing to congestion.
C. Strains on Infrastructure
The city's infrastructure is also under pressure. With so many new developments, it can be challenging to
provide enough reliable services such as electricity, water, and healthcare. Moreover, unemployment rates in
some areas remain high, as not everyone can afford to live in the newly modernized parts of the city.
D. Balancing Growth with Preservation
Hanoi is gradually modernizing, but the colonial charm of the older parts of the city still remains. The challenge
for the city now is to balance growth with maintaining a good quality of life for its residents. Urban sprawl can
offer low-cost housing and convenience, but without careful planning, it may lead to more problems than
solutions.
Question 1. What is the main idea of the reading passage?
A) Hanoi's colonial charm is being lost due to modernization.
B) Urban sprawl in Hanoi has led to both modern conveniences and challenges.
6
C) The population of Hanoi is rapidly decreasing.
D) Traffic and unemployment are the only problems in Hanoi.
Question 2. Why is traffic a major concern during rush hour in Hanoi?
A) Roads are in poor condition
B) Public transportation is not reliable
C) The roads become crowded with too many cars
D) There are too many leisure facilities
Question 3. The word "expansion" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A) Limitation
B) Growth
C) Decline
D) Pause
Question 4. How has urban sprawl affected housing in Hanoi?
A) It has made housing more affordable in the city center.
B) It has led people to seek affordable housing in suburban areas.
C) It has reduced the need for public transportation.
D) It has caused a decrease in the population.
Question 5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A) The construction of high-rise buildings has led to more modern conveniences in Hanoi.
B) Traffic congestion worsens during rush hours due to increased reliance on private cars.
C) Urban sprawl has decreased unemployment rates in all parts of Hanoi.
D) The colonial charm of older parts of Hanoi still exists despite modernization.
Question 6. The word "affordable" as used in the second paragraph is opposite in meaning to _________.

A) Expensive
B) Economical
C) Accessible
D) Convenient
Question 7. What can be inferred from the text about the potential downsides of urban sprawl?
A) It has primarily benefited suburban areas more than the city center.
B) If not carefully planned, it can create more challenges than benefits.
C) Urban sprawl has reduced the population in suburban areas.
D) The colonial parts of Hanoi will soon be replaced by modern structures.
Appendix B. Students’ Worksheet
Task 1. Use Chat GPT to find information about the topic “Urban Sprawl” in groups and summarize key
ideas in the table below. Do the task in 7 minutes.
Table 1. Summary of general information about “Urban Sprawl” (using MentiMeter)
URBAN SPRAWL

Definition E.g. the spread of a city into the area surrounding it, often without
planning

Causes

7
Task 2. Read the text about “Urban Sprawl” and complete the following tasks. After that, write your
answers in the table below. (20 minutes)
Urban Sprawl in Hanoi
A. _____________
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is a city that has seen rapid urbanisation in recent decades. With the growing
population, the city has been expanding into surrounding areas. This expansion, also known as urban sprawl,
has led to the development of high-rise buildings and new residential areas. While these changes have brought
modern conveniences such as reliable public transportation, convenient stores, and leisure facilities, they have
also created some concerns.
B. _____________
One major concern is the increasing traffic, especially during rush hour. Roads become crowded, making it
difficult for residents to get to work or school on time. As the city expands, more people seek affordable
housing in suburban areas. However, this often leads to longer commutes and more reliance on private cars,
further contributing to congestion.
C. _____________
The city's infrastructure is also under pressure. With so many new developments, it can be challenging to
provide enough reliable services such as electricity, water, and healthcare. Moreover, unemployment rates in
some areas remain high, as not everyone can afford to live in the newly modernized parts of the city.
D. _____________
Hanoi is gradually modernizing, but the colonial charm of the older parts of the city still remains. The challenge
for the city now is to balance growth with maintaining a good quality of life for its residents. Urban sprawl can
offer low-cost housing and convenience, but without careful planning, it may lead to more problems than
solutions.
Part a. Match each section (A-D) with a heading (i-iv) for each of the following paragraphs. There is ONE
extra heading.
i. Strains on Infrastructure
ii. Impacts of urban sprawl
iii. Pressure on urbanization
iv. Traffic Challenges
v. Balancing Growth with Preservation
Part b. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Write your
answers and explanations in the table provided here.
Table 2. Summary of students’ answers to the questions from the reading text
Part a

Part b Questions Answers Reasons (key words,

phrases, information
evidence in the text)

8
 Question 1. What is the main idea of the
reading passage?
A) Urban sprawl in Hanoi has led to both modern
conveniences and challenges.
B) Hanoi's colonial charm is being lost due to
modernization.
C) The population of Hanoi is rapidly decreasing.
D) Traffic and unemployment are the only
problems in Hanoi.

Question 2. Why is traffic a major concern

during rush hour in Hanoi?
A) Roads are in poor condition
B) Public transportation is not reliable
C) The roads become crowded with too many cars
D) There are too many leisure facilities

Question 3. The word "expansion" in the first

paragraph is CLOSEST in meaning to
_________.
A) Limitation
B) Growth
C) Decline
D) Reduction

Question 4. How has urban sprawl affected

housing in Hanoi?
A) It has made housing more affordable in the city
center.
B) It has caused a decrease in the population.
C) It has reduced the need for public
transportation.
D) It has led people to seek affordable housing in
suburban areas.

Question 5. Which of the following is NOT

TRUE according to the passage?
A) The construction of high-rise buildings has led
to more modern conveniences in Hanoi.
B) Traffic congestion worsens during rush hours
due to increased reliance on private cars.
C) Urban sprawl has decreased unemployment
rates in all parts of Hanoi.
D) The colonial charm of older parts of Hanoi still
exists despite modernization.

9
 Question 6. The word "affordable" as used in
the second paragraph is OPPOSITE in
meaning to _________.
A) Expensive
B) Economical
C) Accessible
D) Convenient

Question 7. What can be inferred from the last

paragraph?
A) Urban sprawl has primarily benefited suburban
areas more than the city center.
B) If urban sprawl is not carefully planned, it can
create more challenges than benefits.
C) Urban sprawl has reduced the population in
suburban areas.
D) The colonial parts of Hanoi will soon be
replaced by modern structures.

10
Appendix C. Crossword Game
Guess the hidden word from the crossword using the hints below.

1
2
3
4
5
6

Hints
1 – everything that is around or near somebody/something (the synonym of environment)
2 – to suggest a plan, an idea, etc. for people to think about and decide on
3 – connected with a town or city
4 – the act or process of making plans for something
5 – an increase in the size, amount or degree of something, something has grown
6 – a structure such as a house or school that has a roof and walls

Keys for Crossword

1 S U R R O U N D I N G
2 P R O P O S E
3 U R B A N
4 P L A N N I N G
5 G R O W T H
6 B U I L D I N G

Appendix D. Answer Keys

Part a. Match the headings with each section.
A - ii; B - iv; C - i; D - v
Part b. Complete the table, write the correct answers and give reasons for your choices.
Questions Answers Reasons (key words, phrases, information
evidence in the text)

Question 1. What is the main idea of the A Expected answers: The passage discusses
reading passage? both the benefits (modern conveniences
11
 A) Urban sprawl in Hanoi has led to both like public transportation and leisure
modern conveniences and challenges. facilities) and the challenges (traffic
B) Hanoi's colonial charm is being lost due congestion, pressure on infrastructure)
resulting from Hanoi's urban sprawl.
to modernization.
C) The population of Hanoi is rapidly
decreasing.
D) Traffic and unemployment are the only
problems in Hanoi.

Question 2. Why is traffic a major concern C

during rush hour in Hanoi? Expected answers: The passage highlights
A) Roads are in poor condition that as more people move to suburban areas
and rely on private cars, it leads to
B) Public transportation is not reliable
congestion, especially during rush hour.
C) The roads become crowded with too
many cars
D) There are too many leisure facilities

Question 3. The word "expansion" in the B

first paragraph is closest in meaning to Expected answers: In the context of the
_________. passage, "expansion" refers to the growth
of the city into surrounding areas.
A) Limitation
B) Growth
C) Decline
D) Reduction

Question 4. How has urban sprawl affected D Expected answers: The passage states that
housing in Hanoi? as the city expands, more people move to
A) It has made housing more affordable in suburban areas to find affordable housing.
the city center.
B) It has caused a decrease in the
population.
C) It has reduced the need for public
transportation.
D) It has led people to seek affordable
housing in suburban areas.

Question 5. Which of the following is C Expected answers: This is not true, as the
NOT TRUE according to the passage? passage specifically mentions that
A) The construction of high-rise buildings unemployment rates remain high in some
areas, not all.
has led to more modern conveniences in
Hanoi.
B) Traffic congestion worsens during rush
hours due to increased reliance on private
cars.
C) Urban sprawl has decreased

12
 unemployment rates in all parts of Hanoi.
D) The colonial charm of older parts of
Hanoi still exists despite modernization.

Question 6. The word "affordable" as used A Expected answers: "Affordable" refers to

in the second paragraph is opposite in something that is reasonably priced, and its
meaning to _________. opposite would be "expensive."
A) Expensive
B) Economical
C) Accessible
D) Convenient

Question 7. What can be inferred from the B Expected answers: The passage mentions
last paragraph? that without careful planning, urban sprawl
A) Urban sprawl has primarily benefited may lead to more problems than solutions,
implying the need for proper management.
suburban areas more than the city center.
B) If urban sprawl is not carefully planned,
it can create more challenges than benefits.
C) Urban sprawl has reduced the
population in suburban areas.
D) The colonial parts of Hanoi will soon be
replaced by modern structures.

Post – reading - Mind Map Breakdown (suggestions to students)

Causes: - Rapid population growth.
- Demand for affordable housing in suburban areas.
- Modernization and urban expansion.
Impacts: + Increased traffic congestion during rush hours.
+ Pressure on city infrastructure (electricity, water, healthcare)
+ Increased unemployment in some areas.
+ Difficulty in balancing modernization with preservation of historical areas.
Solutions:
○ Develop efficient public transport options to reduce car reliance.
○ Create job opportunities in suburban areas to reduce commute times.
○ Invest in infrastructure to meet growing demands.
○ Implement balanced urban planning to maintain both modernization and cultural heritage.
○ Remove some universities to suburban area to reduce the numbers of students
○ Raise people’s awareness of preserving the historical areas.
○ The government should have urban planning in the long run.

13