Viva questions(System analysis and design) unit 2

MD SHADAB RAZA

1. System Design Considerations:

Q1: What are the key considerations in system design?

A: The key considerations include user requirements, performance, scalability, security,

reliability, and maintainability. It's essential to balance these factors to create an efficient
system.

Q2: Why is user requirement important in system design?

A: User requirements define what the system should do. It ensures the system is designed
to meet user needs, increasing usability and user satisfaction.

2. Design Methodologies:

Q3: What is a design methodology?

A: A design methodology is a structured approach to designing a system. Common

methodologies include Waterfall, Agile, and RAD (Rapid Application Development).

Q4: How is Agile methodology different from Waterfall?

A: Agile involves iterative development with constant feedback from users, while Waterfall
follows a linear approach where each phase is completed before moving to the next.

3. Structured Design:

Q5: What is structured design?

A: Structured design is a method that focuses on breaking down a system into smaller,
manageable modules or components. It uses Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) to represent the
system’s functionality.

Q6: Why is structured design important?

A: It improves clarity, simplifies development, and makes the system easier to maintain
and update by organizing complex systems into smaller parts.

4. Modularization:

Q7: What is modularization in system design?

A: Modularization is dividing a system into smaller, independent modules that can be

developed and tested separately. Each module handles a specific part of the system's
functionality.

Q8: What are the advantages of modularization?

A: It enhances maintainability, reusability, and reduces complexity, making the system

easier to understand and debug.

5. Design Process:

Q9: What are the main steps in the system design process?

A: The steps include:

1. Requirement analysis
2. High-level design (architecture)
3. Detailed design (module-level design)
4. Prototype creation
5. System implementation

Q10: Why is the design process essential?

A: It helps in systematically creating a functional and user-friendly system that meets
business and technical requirements.

6. Prototype Design:

Q11: What is prototype design?

A: Prototype design involves creating an early model of a system to test ideas and get user
feedback before the final system is developed.

Q12: What are the benefits of prototype design?

A: It helps in identifying design flaws early, understanding user needs better, and reducing
the risk of project failure.

7. Input Design:

Q13: What is input design?

A: Input design is the process of defining how data will be entered into the system,
ensuring it is accurate, easy to use, and error-free.

Q14: What are the key elements of input data?

A: Key elements include data format, data validation rules, error handling, and user input
methods.

8. Input Control Process:

Q15: What is input verification and control?

A: Input verification ensures the accuracy and completeness of the data entered into the
system, while input control involves measures to prevent invalid or erroneous data from
being processed.
Q16: How is terminal screen layout related to input design?

A: Terminal screen layout defines how input fields are organized on the screen, ensuring
users can easily input and review data.

9. Output Screen Design:

Q17: What are the different types of outputs in a system?

A: Common output types include reports, screen displays, printed documents, and
graphs.

Q18: What factors should be considered when designing output screens?

A: Consider factors like clarity, layout, readability, user needs, and the type of output
device (e.g., monitor, printer).

10. Form Design and Control:

Q19: What is form design in a system?

A: Form design involves creating input forms that users will interact with, ensuring they are
intuitive, easy to use, and prevent errors.

Q20: What is form control, and why is it important?

A: Form control ensures that the correct data is entered into the forms, preventing
incorrect or incomplete data from being submitted.

11. File and Database Design:

Q21: What are the different types of files used in system design?

A: Types of files include sequential files, indexed files, and direct access files.

Q22: What is file organization?

A: File organization refers to how data is stored in files. Common methods include
sequential, indexed-sequential, and direct file organization.

12. Database Design:

Q23: What is database design?

A: Database design is the process of creating a logical and physical structure for storing
and managing data in a system.

Q24: What are the types of databases?

A: Types of databases include relational databases, hierarchical databases, and object-

oriented databases.

13. File Organization:

Q25: What is sequential file organization?

A: In sequential file organization, data is stored in a linear sequence, and records are
accessed in order.

Q26: How does indexed file organization work?

A: Indexed file organization uses an index to keep track of where data is stored, allowing
faster access to records without reading the entire file.

1. System Design Considerations:

Q1: What is system design?

A: System design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specific requirements.

Q2: Why is system design important?

A: System design helps to ensure that the system meets user requirements and operates
efficiently.

2. Design Methodologies:

Q3: What is a design methodology?

A: A design methodology is an approach used to plan and control the design process of a
system. Examples include Waterfall and Agile.

Q4: What is the Waterfall model?

A: The Waterfall model is a linear approach where each phase must be completed before
moving to the next one.

3. Structured Design:

Q5: What is structured design?

A: Structured design is a method of breaking down a system into smaller, manageable

modules that work together.

Q6: Why is structured design used?

A: It simplifies complex systems, making them easier to develop, maintain, and

understand.

4. Modularization:

Q7: What is modularization?

A: Modularization is dividing a system into separate modules, each responsible for a
specific function.

Q8: What are the benefits of modularization?

A: It enhances system readability, reusability, and maintainability.

5. Design Process:

Q9: What are the steps in the design process?

A: The main steps are requirement analysis, high-level design, detailed design,
prototyping, and system implementation.

Q10: Why is prototyping used in design?

A: Prototyping allows for testing ideas and getting feedback before the final system is built.

6. Input Design:

Q11: What is input design?

A: Input design defines how data will be entered into the system, ensuring accuracy and
ease of use.

Q12: What are some guidelines for input design?

A: Inputs should be simple, intuitive, and validated to avoid errors.

7. Input Control Process:

Q13: What is input verification?

A: Input verification ensures that the data entered into the system is accurate and valid.

Q14: Why is input control necessary?

A: It helps prevent incorrect or invalid data from being processed by the system.

8. Output Screen Design:

Q15: What is output design?

A: Output design focuses on how information will be presented to the user, including
reports, screen displays, and printed documents.

Q16: What factors should be considered in output design?

A: Factors include clarity, readability, and user needs.

9. Form Design:

Q17: What is form design?

A: Form design involves creating input forms that allow users to enter data into the system.

Q18: What is important in form design?

A: Forms should be easy to use, with clear labels and instructions to minimize user errors.

10. File and Database Design:

Q19: What is file design?

A: File design is the process of organizing and structuring data within a system's files for
easy access and management.

Q20: What is database design?

A: Database design involves structuring a database to store and manage data efficiently,
ensuring relationships between data are well-defined.
11. Types of Files:

Q21: What are the types of files in system design?

A: Types of files include sequential, indexed, and direct access files.

Q22: What is sequential file organization?

A: In sequential file organization, records are stored one after another, and they must be
accessed in order.

12. Types of Databases:

Q23: What are some types of databases?

A: Types of databases include relational databases, hierarchical databases, and object-

oriented databases.

Q24: What is a relational database?

A: A relational database organizes data into tables, which are related to each other through
keys.