SHARDA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICALN AND ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
A LAB REPORT ON PLC AND SCADA
BY
NAME: AJAJ MOHAMMAD
SYSTEM ID: 2023447620
PROGRAMME: MTECH EEE (POWER SYSTEM)
SUBMITTED TO
C MOHAN (Assistant professor SUSET)
ON 24/01/2024
Experiment No.1: Latch of an output coil
Aim: To develop a PLC program that would latch the output coil
Requirement:
1 I0.0 : START (ON) push button
2 I0.1 : STOP (OFF) push button
3 Q0.0 : output energize coil.
4 Q0.0 (CONTACT) : latch of output coil Q0.0
Theory:
The term latch circuit is used for the circuit used to carry out such an operation. It is a self-
maintaining circuit in that, after being energized, it maintains that state until another input is
received.
[Link] Diagram of a Latch of an output coil
As soon as start push button is pressed, the contact I0.0 (N-O) becomes N-C . As the N-O
contact I0.1 is already becomes the N-C (because of the normally closed push button in physical
connections), the rung goes true and the coil Q0.0 becomes energized.
Now, if the start push button is released then also the Coil will remain energised (here comes the
concept of latching).
As soon as the coil Q0.0 gets energized, the latched contact of this coil which is represented as
Q0.0 (N-O) becomes N-C and the logic will pass through this rung and the coil remains ON
even if the start push button is released.
If we want to stop the process ,we simply have to press the stop push button .Due to pressing of
stop push button the contact I0.1 becomes N-O (normally open) and rung logic goes false, which
in turn de-energizes the coil Q0.0 and de-energised the coil.
Experiment No.2 Latching of coil using timer
Aim: To develop a Latch using timer
Requirements:
1 I0.0 : START (ON) push button
2 ON-Delay Timer set to a preset value of 5 and time
base 1 Second
3 Timer output Contact O0.1
4 I0.1 : STOP (OFF) push button
5 Q0.0 : output energize coil
6 Q0.0 (CONTACT) : latch of output coil Q0.0
[Link] of coil using timer
Theory:
In this scheme ON Delay timer was introduced and it served as a modification to the previous
one.
As soon as start push button is pressed, the contact I0.0 (N-O) becomes N-C and the ON delay
timer start . The N-O contact of the timer would closed after an elapsing of 5 seconds delay. The
I0.1 is already becomes the N-C (because of the normally closed push button in physical
connections), the rung goes true and the coil Q0.0 becomes energized.
Now, if the start push button is released then also the Coil will remain energised (here comes the
concept of latching).
As soon as the coil Q0.0 gets energized, the latched contact of this coil which is represented as
Q0.0 (N-O) becomes N-C and the logic will pass through this rung and the coil remains ON
even if the start push button is released.
If we want to stop the process ,we simply have to press the stop push button .Due to pressing of
stop push button the contact I0.1 becomes N-O (normally open) and rung logic goes false, which
in turn de-energizes the coil Q0.0 and de-energised the coil.
Experiment No 3: Adding data of two counters
Aim: To Add the data of two counters
Requirement: Two counters (up counters), N/O Contact, Output.
Requirements:
1 I0.0 : START (ON) push button
2 Up counter C0
3 Up counter C1
4 Contact O0.0 of C0
5 Contact O0.1 of C1
6 Output coil O0.02
Theory:
A PLC counter is a function block that counts up or down until it reaches a limit. When the limit
is reached the output is set.
The thing is that counting is in fact widely used in PLC programming. Often you will have the
need to counts different things. An example of this could be to keep track of how many times a
process has been completed. Or how many products has been [Link] counters are also
used to assist logging to SCADA systems by counting the amount of times these events has
happened or setting alarms when an event has happened a certain amount of times.
Experiment No.4 Lighting system
Aim: To design a light system which would turn ON after some time/Counting Sequence?
Requirement:
1 I0.0 : START (ON) push button
2 Up counter C0
3 Up counter C1
4 Up counter C2
5 Contact O0.1 of C1
6 Output coil O0.02
Theory:
In this 4 lamp light system, the lighting mechanism follows a certain sequence in which the first
lamp would turn ON after the counter read 10 and the second lamp after another 10 more
seconds and the whole lamp would Turn ON when the counter reaches 30.
1. Write a PLC program for the following conditions:
a) Level gauge (LG) should be on
b) filling time for one bottle is 10 sec
c) After filling of 10 bottles stop the process
d) if LG is low then also process should be stopped
Aim: To implement the above PLC Program
Requirement:
Theory:
1. Start and Stop PB is used to start and stop the process.
2. Start is pressed Conveyor starts moving until the Proximity Sensor is ON.
3. Then solenoid valve is open for 10 seconds. After 10s Conveyor should start moving.
4. The above process should continue unto 10 bottles.
5. Process should continue still stop push button pressed.
LADDER DIAGRAM
6. Material A and Material B are collected in a tank. These products are to be mixed and
heated till it reaches set point temperature value. Implement automation of this system in
PLC using Ladder Diagram programming language.
Aim: To implement the above PLC Program
Requirement:
Theory:
● RUNG000 contain master start/stop with address of Start PB I:1/14 and Stop PB I:1/15.
● RUNG001 is to operate Inlet Valve of Material A with address O:2/0. It is operated when
Low Level of the tank is detected by Level Low Switch I:1/2. And it is closed when Inlet
Valve of material B starts that is when Level Material A is detected by a switch with
address I:1/1. Start PB is also connected in parallel with the LLS, it is done so that when
LLS or level of Material A is not detected, Inlet Valve is operated by Start PB.
● RUNG002 is to operate Inlet Valve of Material B with address O:2/1. It is opened when
Material A is filled to its desired level (Level Material A). In other words, Valve of
Material B is opened when Level of Material A is detected by I:1/1 and it is closed when
Level of Material B is detected or Tank is full.
● RUNG003 operates Agitator Motor and Heater with address O:2/2 and O:2/3
respectively. When the tank is full with Material A and B, Level High (Level Material B)
is detected. Agitator Motor is connected to the address O:2/2 and Heater to O:2/3.
Agitator and Heater are run when I:1/0 is set to 1 that is when tank is full.
● RUNG004 is for Outlet Valve with address O:2/3. It is operated when the entire mixing
and heating process is completed that is when temperature set point is reached. And this
valve closed again is closed when LLS is again detected.
LADDER DIAGRAM
7. Controlling of traffic lights for given fig.
Aim: To implement the above PLC Program
Requirement:
Theory:
● There are two methods to solve this problem. One is by using stack operation and the
other one is by using sequencer output method.
● Sequencer output method is best suited for this problem since very less configuration is
needed and program length is also reduced.
● In this method, we need to assign SQO instruction by configuring all the parameters
given in the instruction.
● File, Mask, Dest, Control, Length and Positions are parameters which we need to
configure.
● File : It is the starting address for the registers in the sequencer file.
● Mask : Mask is the bit pattern through which data flow happens from source to the
destination address. If there is 1 in the masking, it passes values and if 0, it blocks the
data flow.
● Dest : It is the address of the input to which the Sequencer Output instruction moves the
data.
● Control : Is the address that contains the parameters with control information for the
instruction. EN, DN and ER are bit which sets according to the status of sequencer
output. EN and DN bits are set just as in timers. ER bit stands for Error bit, it is set when
a negative position/length value is detected by the processor, or zero length value.
● Length : It is the number of steps of the sequencer file starting at position 1. Position 0 is
the start-up position.
● Position: It indicated the steps that is desired to start the sequencer instruction. The start
position is all zeros, this is represented as the neutral position; so no outputs will be
turned ON in position 0.
● So to start the actual function of output sequence, Position 1 is determined as starting
sequence while programming.
● Integers or Bit Registers are used as Destination Address.
LADDER PROGRAM
