International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 3, May -June 2021

Available at [Link]
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

A Critical Review on Design and Development of Shredder

Machine for Waste Recycling
Prof. M. S. Motghare1, Tejendra Mule2, Mayur Chafle3, Shubham Tandulkar4, Shubham
Damahe5, Sumed Tembhurkar6
1,2,3,4,5,6
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, GovindraoWanjariCollege of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur)
E-mail : tejendramule28@[Link], mayurchafale2018@[Link]

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Abstract:
This paper represents the design and development done in shredding machine for waste recycling. The
shredder has to be designed for effective waste recycling and also some modifications can be made to
enhance its performance. In this paper, the previously work done on shredder machine has been
represented and it is found that, shredder machine is very important and effective in waste recycling. Also,
small scale shredders can also be developed which may be useful to small or medium scale entrepreneur.
The commercial shredder available are very costly, so the small-scale shredder can be beneficial. Also,
change in cutter blade design, feed rate, transmission system are useful parameters to be considered in
design and development of shredder machine.
Keywords —Shredder Machine, Plastic Waste, Waste Recycling, Design of Shredder.
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duty and high-volume systems used to process such
I. INTRODUCTION recycling material streams as e-waste, plastic, wood,
In today’s world, the major problem arising due and [Link] of waste for recycling
to waste which are being produced in substantial involves six basic stages; this includes the plastic
amount in developing countries like India. So, there collection, sorting, washing, shredding, melting,
is a need of waste recycling. The waste can be and pelletizing. Many of the researchers have
classified as biodegradable and non-biodegradable developed and designed shredder machine for waste
waste. There are different sources of waste such as recycling but it is limited to domestic purpose only
industrial, commercial, domestic and agriculture for small use which are cost effective and efficient
waste. So, for waste management and recycling about 60-70%.
Shredding machine plays an important role. A
shredder is a machine that reduces the size of, and II. DESIGN CONCEPT OF SHREDDER
tears up, many different kinds of materials. Paper The design concept of the shredding machine
shredder to metal scalp shredder different machines consists of four major subassemblies.
have been developed with different design. The • The machine frame,
shredders have been designed to support a material
reduction for recycling applications such as plastic • Feeder unit of the hopper,
recycling, e-waste, agriculture waste, wood • Shredding unit and
recycling and tire shredding etc. Based on the
purpose of use, shredders can be categorized as • Drive mechanism.
Consumer Shredders which is mostly used by
consumers and Industrial shredders typically heavy- The frame consists of base for prime mover and
the hooper with shredding section. The hooper has

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 3, May -June 2021
Available at [Link]
been designed for feeding the input and the minutes, 8 minutes, 12 minutes and 16 minutes)
shredding unit consists of cutting blades mounted with the same weight of twigs (40 kg) and the
on the shaft. The drive mechanism is the weight of small bits of twigs collected increases
combination ofbelt drive/Chain drive with or with time. The machine is user friendly and
without gear mesh drive/gear box. The prime mover recommended for farmers and medium scale
supplies the required power for the operation of the entrepreneurs.
machine. The belt/chain driven pulley shaft receives Vaibhav Edke1 et. al, the plastic can be recycled by
the power from the prime mover. The driven pulley the plastic shredder machine. They have made
drives the gear which rotates the shaft on which a Plastic shredder machine and made analysis of
shredding tool is mounted. mechanism used in machine. So, they developed a
machine which processes the plastic waste as cheap
III. LITERATURE REVIEW as possible by shredding where it's made for
The machine consists of motor, spur gear, reducing cost of processing and transportation.
bearings, structural frame, cutter and shaft (single, According to them, benefit of this machine is the
dual etc). The machine frame is can be built using reduction of labor work which results in cost
mild steel and High Carbon steel used for cutter tip reduction.
preparation. cutters are mounted on shafts, which
rotate parallel driven by a gear drive arrangement. Jaypalsingh Rana et. al, the water and food
The power from the electrical motor is transmitted packaging industries extensively use plastic in their
to cutter shaft through a gear drive or belt drive or products. Plastic waste management needs to be of
chain drive. Cut is made inside the chopping house utmost importance as plastic waste is not congruent
that is hopper due to the effect of tensile, friction, at all places. At present, the available shredder
and impact effect in cutting process. machine is too heavy and costly. So, they have
designed and developed Plastic Shredder Machine
A. E. Oladejo et. al. have developed a Shredded which is light in weight and less costly. In this, they
Machine for processing of Agro-chemical. described the experimentation of plastic bottle
According to Author, the shredding of twigs will cutting machines and analysis of mechanism used
provide an alternative for the use of Agro- in the machine. They made a model for recycling of
chemicals. For this to happen, the twigs will first be plastic wastage in the domestic area; industries as
shredded into small bits making it ready for well as it can be useful to the scrap collectors.
transportation and further processing. The machine According to them, this machine will be a solution
consists of three-phase electric motor, bearings, to the problem of space.
structural frame, cutters, hopper, shredding unit,
discharge chute, belt drive and shaft. Four cutters Abhay Katiyar et. al, works accounts for the study
are mounted on the shaft, which rotate by a belt of the significant problems of organic wastes
drive. The power from the electric motor is management which is an issue utmost concern in
transmitted to the cuttershaft through a belt drive. developing Countries like India. They have
Cut is made inside the shredding unit due to the designed and constructed a Shredding machine. The
effect of tensile, friction and impact effect in machine will initially convert larger particle size of
shredding process. The twigs get shredded and the Collected organic waste into desired size such that
small bits are collected at the discharge chute of the it can be treated other chemical and biological
shredder. The performance of the machine was processes in order to convert it into compost in least
evaluated and test results showed that there was a amount of time possible. Their methodology
correlation between the weight of the shredded involves mechanical, chemical and biological
twigs and the shredding time. The shredding processes for converting agricultural waste into
operation was done at 4 different time intervals (4 compost making it highly efficient and eco-friendly

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 3, May -June 2021
Available at [Link]
which is need of the hour. According to them, their machine are useful to handle plastic garbage more
shredder machine is more applicable and effective at the time of operation. The shredder
economically feasible. blade is optimized for better grinding of the plastic
waste into fine grained particles. In recycling,
Nitin Kumar Singh et. al,have constructed a process of plastic waste required low energy due to
shredding machine which crushes used bottles and compact form of plastic waste. It reduces the
cans and in west management and disposal. The process time in industry. The machine used in this
machine is designed and fabricated by using locally project is less of cost and thus the project is a cost
available raw materials which make it cheap and effective one.
easy to maintain and repair. Dr. Fauzia Siddiqui et. al, Their paper deals with a
detailed study & design procedure of a paper
Siddappa M. Kumkale et. al, use the shredder shredder machine. A detailed study of various parts
machine which converts the waste plastic bottles of shredder machine like stand (frame),
into small pieces; these pieces are converted into transmission system and cutting system are made
molten plastic in furnace and then injected into and designed separately. They havedesigned 3D
moulds to converts this molten plastic into useful model of various parts on Dassult Systems
products such as plastic bricks, writing pad etc. In “SOLIDWORKS 2014” and its motion study and
this, they used plastic shredder machine used for the analysis of the stand in ANSYS 15.
cutting the waste plastic in small pieces to make
waste management easier. They have designed this Karolina Głogowska1 et. al, mentioned that
for shred the plastic waste, with the help of blades. Shredding is the component of the most important
The small pieces of plastic bottles are fed into the techniques of mechanical recycling of polymeric
furnace and come in molten state. In this process, materials. It is often used as one of the main
theyused the Injection molding for producing the preparatory processes, associated with the
different products like plastic plates, cups, bricks constitution of composite materials. The
etc. preparation of composite material components by
shredding depends specifically on the expected
Ankit B. Raut et. al, discussed about detailed study, degree of fineness, appropriate size distribution and
design procedure and results of a paper shredder desired morphology of an elementary particle. Their
machine. A detailed study of various parts of work concerns mechanical shredding of polymeric
shredder machine like stand (frame), transmission materials in various types of mills and agglomerates.
system and cutting system are made and designed This paper presents the tests for verifying the
separately. They made model for recycling of paper influence of size and shapes of openings in sieves
wastage (important documents, personal made in the shredder on selected parameters and
information like social security number, account properties of the obtained recyclate. During the
number, credit card application and other personal shredding process, the following parameters were
information) in domestic area, industrial area etc. analyzed: electricity consumption, temperature
They made machine which reduces labor work inside the shredding chamber and the temperature
which results in cost reduction and also reduction in of the obtained recyclate. Selected properties of the
time for shredding operation of paper. obtained recyclate, such as: geometric features of
the recyclate dependent on the applied sieves, bulk
Sekar Ravi developed a plastic shredder. According density and the angle of natural repose were
to Author, the purpose of this was to realize the determined. Mouldings with a gating system, made
importance of plastic shredder for what they serve, of polypropylene, were the subject of shredding.
realize that the work can get done faster and more
efficient when plastics are crushed. The shredding

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 3, May -June 2021
Available at [Link]
Zhankuaz Zhang et. al, has been presented on grater machine, which meant to shred food wastes
mathematical model of tangential tensional stress in into small and fine size particle. Theirstudy
the edge of a circular saw blade tension by multi- focusseson the waste management factor of the
spot pressure was established by theoretical food waste produced in the home kitchen. The
analysis for the equality control of circular saw chosen material and blade design are to be
blade. The multi-spot pressure exerting tensioning evaluated for its characteristics and performance by
processes was assumed to include three using the FEM method. The analysis is taking all
mathematical processes out of which was the one– the constraints regarding the design as well as its
spot pressure process; the process of elastic advantages are to be considered in designing a new
deformation of disk with a through-hole subjected grating blade for the optimum end product making.
to uniform radial compressivestress; and the stress This brings the meaning that the compact and small
superposition process. The objective of the study sizes design.
was to establish a mathematical model for
tangential tensioning stress in the edge of circular
saw blades tensioned by multi-spot pressure based IV. CONCLUSION
on the theory of elastic machines and finite element After reviewing the above literature, it can be
method. concluded that, the shredding machine is very
useful for recycling of waste i.e., plastic, paper or
Priyanka Potghan and Roopesh Tiwari, has been agriculture waste. At present, the available shredder
presented during the machining process the circular machines are too heavy and costly. So, we have
saw undergoes various stresses because of the designed and developed Plastic Shredding Machine
cutting forces generated, which affects the tool life. which is light in weight and less costly. The
Their project used Hyper Mesh Software method to shredder machine consisting of parts i.e., frame,
reduce the stresses developed. The project involves transmission system and cutting section have to be
the selection of an optimized saw out of three designed separately. The methodology involves
different saw blades (differ in design of type of mechanical processes to convert the waste into
slots cut) and calculating the stresses developed in useful product by adopting further processing such
the saw during cutting of four different specimens chemical and biological processing in case of
(differ in material). After comparing the results of agriculture waste. The shredder blade is optimized
stresses developed while cutting the four different for better grinding of the plastic waste into fine
specimens, maximum stress is calculated. grained particles. The preparation of composite
material components by shredding depends
VusalJivishov, ElchinRzayev, has been presented specifically on the expected degree of fineness,
finite element modelling of the machining process appropriate size distribution and desired
became possible and can be conducted with morphology of an elementary particle. The
minimal costs. Finite element methods are tools performance of the machine showed that there was
used for predicting variables such as stresses, a correlation between the weight of the shredded
strains, temperatures and cutting forces during the twigs and the shredding time. The benefit of this
machining process. The most significant input machine is the reduction of labor work which
parameter for the simulation are the material flow results in cost reduction.
stress data, also known as material model. This
paper investigates the influence of material model
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