E-ISSN : 2541-5794

P-ISSN : 2503-216X
Journal of Geoscience,
Engineering, Environment, and Technology
Vol 03 No 02 2018

Lithofacies And Depositional Analysis Environment of West

Section Kolok Nan Tuo, Sawahlunto, West of Sumatera
Catur Cahyaningsih1, Anjas Latif Ritonga1, Shaury Aldila1, Zulhikmah1
1
Department of Geological Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru-Riau, 28284, Indonesia

* Corresponding author : caturcahyaningsih@[Link]

Tel.:+81-72-867-1686
Received: 2 June, 2017. Revised : 24 May, 2018, Accepted: 30 May, 2018, Published: 1 June 2018
DOI: 10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.2.340

Abstract
Study areas were located to the west of Kolok Nan Tuo Village. Geographically this area is located at coordinates 00° 36'
57,85'' - 00° 37' 56,89'' latitude and 100°42' 10,08 '' 100°43' 47,28" longitude. The methods used in research is geological
mapping. Based on the results of stratigraphic research area is divided into three units: Crystalline Limestone Unit (SBGK)
consisting Crystalline Limestone of and mudstone lithofacies, Conglomerate Units (SK) consists of polymic conglomerate
and sandstones greywacke lithofacies while claystone Unit (SBL) lithofacies consists of claystone with sedimentary flake
structures. Result of research suggested that depositional environment based on type of lithofacies include of grain size,
sedimentary structures and content of fossils. SBGK interpreted as basement of basin, SK depositional environment was
debris unit limestones, which can be seen from fragments of conglomerates that consist of crystalline limestones and
mudstone that deposited in alluvial fan (deposition surface). Clay lithologies where mudstone generally deposited in
current flow that form flake structures and calcareous, that interpreted deposited in neritic environment.

Keywords: Ombilin basin, geological mapping, lithofacies, Kolok Nan Tuo

1. Introduction Ombilin basin is divided into several formations

which are distinguished by lithofacies and the
The Geological process is a process associated
with the formation of the earth regarding both depositional environments (Koesomadinata and
tectonic and regarding its constituent rocks. While Matasak, 1981):
the field study conducted by researchers intend to
map the distribution of rocks in the West Section
of Kolok Nan Tuo (Fig. 1), which will be grouped
based on the lithology of their respective
characteristics and the depositional environment is
also different. So that the results of these studies
will produce a geological map.
2. Basic Theory
Many experts define different facies. However,
they generally agree that the facies is characteristic
of sedimentary rock units. According to Selley
(Walker, 1985 and James 1992) facies sediments is
a body of rock that can be identified and
differentiated from other rock units by geometry,
lithology, sedimentary structures, fossils, and the
pattern of their ancient stream. Armed with the
physical, chemical, and biological environments
can be reconstructed in the deposition of
sedimentary rock sequences and are called facies
analysis. While Lithofacies based on characteristics
of the composition, physical, and chemical at a
rock.
Geologically of study area, West Section of
Kolok Nan Tuo belongs to the Ombilin Basin. Fig. 1. Administrative map of study area

128 Cahyaningsih, C. et al./ JGEET Vol 03 No 02/2018

2.1. Pre-Tertiary rocks of formation. This is a floodplain with a winding
river where coal is deposited.
The Pre-Tertiary rock is a rock the underlying
basin Ombilin. These rocks are exposed at the 3. Methodology
western and eastern parts of basin. Pre-Tertiary
rocks exposed in the western part of the basin The research method used is the analysis of
consists of (Koesomadinata and Matasak, 1981): maps and field studies (mapping). Map analysis is
- Silungkang Formation, composed of coral used to determine the state of the landscape and
limestone lithology of volcanic rocks. Rock consists slope (Putra and Choanji, 2016; Suryadi, 2016) as
of andesitic volcanic lava, as well as the basaltic supporting activities to facilitate field research
tuffs. Age formations are the Pleistocene-Carbon activities.
content of fossil Fussulinid in limestone. The field research aimed at obtaining more field
- Tuhur Formation, consisting of lithology slate, data according to research materials to be
Shale Members and Limestone Members. This analyzed. At this stage, do some work done,
formation was Triassic Age. including determining the location of the
observations and the observations of outcrops.
2.2. Tertiary rock At every outcrop, observations do plotting
observation station location on the map and
2.2.1 Brani Formation delineate the megascopic framework outcrop.
Brani Formation consists of conglomerates with Outcrop observations include:
fresh color is purplish brown, grain size is gravel,  Measurement outcrop dimensions,
with a wide variety of fragments such as andesite, [Link], and sketches.
limestone, slate, argillite, granite, quartzite, arkose  Description lithology, strike-dip, coating
with coarse-grained, massive and generally not thickness, and sedimentary structures.
plated. This age formation is based on relationship  Sampling.
with Sangkarewang Formation which allegedly After the field data obtained is then performed
Paleocene to Eocene. The formation was deposited the data analysis stage so characteristic lithological
as a precipitate Brani estimated alluvial fan types and lithologies in the study area can be
(Koesomadinata and Matasak, 1981). determined.

2.2.2 Sangkarewang Formation 4. Result

According Koesomadinata and Matasak (1981), Based on field data, the rocks in the study area
consists of shale formations Sangkarewang layered can be classified into three rock units:
thin dark gray-brown to black, plastic, containing  Limestone Crystalline Unit
calcareous carbon material, mica, pyrite, and the  Conglomerate Unit
rest of the plant. These formations have inserts in  Claystone Unit
the form of layers of sandstone with thick are Lithologies as each have a different lithofacies,
generally less than 1 m, there are fragments of crystalline limestones facies units composed of
quartz and feldspar, calcareous gray to black, clay limestone crystalline and mudstone, conglomerate
matrix disaggregated mica and carbon-containing unit consists of a conglomerate facies and facies
material and the presence of slump structures. greywacke sandstone and mudstone facies units
Inset These sandstones show a pattern fining consist of claystone facies which sometimes
upwards. Based on pollen analysis estimated age of contained in the form of thin layered sandstones.
this formation or pre-Eocene Eocene. Formation
Sangkarewang estimated deposited at lake 5. Discussion
environment.
Based on the results of the analysis of field data,
2.2.3 Sawahlunto Formation lithologies in the area of research can be grouped
According to Koesomadinata and Matasak into three lithologies.
(1981), this formation consists of shale sequences 5.1 Crystalline Limestones Unit
gray-brown, silty shale and siltstone with quartz
sandstone inserts gray-brownish and characterized Unit crystalline limestones located in the
by the presence of coal. Generally carbonaceous Eastern part of the study area. Crystalline
shale. Sandstone has a characteristic sequence of limestones unit is composed of crystalline
fining upwards, has a layered sedimentary limestone and limestone. Mudstone referring to
structures cross- maze, ripple lamination and firm the regional geology, rock units is comparable to
base erosion that shows a sequence of point bar. the old Silungkang Formation Permian-Carbon era.
Coal Interspersed with the generally gray siltstone Crystalline limestones unit is marked in blue on a
and carbonaceous clays. This Sawahlunto geological map of the study area. Lithology on this
Formation Eocene based on the analysis of pollen unit are:
shows Paleocene to Eocene age. The presence of
carbonaceous shale, coal, particularly sandstone-
type point bar shows the depositional environment

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5.1.1 Crystalline Limestone Facies quartz, 30% feldspar and debris 30%. Matrix
percentage is more than 15%. (Fig.. 4)
Crystalline Limestones facies are dominant in the
Eastern part of the study area. Description detailed
crystalline limestones have weathered gray color
and a fresh color white whitish-grey. With
component binder matrix deposition and grains
have crystallized so that no fossils of both types of
macro and micro. (Fig. 1)

Fig. 2. Limestone mudstone with directions N84°E -

Fig. 1. Crystalline limestones with directions N65°E

5.1.2 Limestone Mudstone Facies

Limestone mudstone facies are dominant in the
Southeast area of research. Description limestone
mudstone a detailed have weathered blue-white
color and a fresh color bluish grey because it is a
carbonate rock. According to the classification of
this rock called Dunham, mudstone because it has
granules of less than 10% and this rock was not
found fossilized. The texture of this rock is non-
crystalline, amorphous because the constituent
mineral crystal and type of compactness is quite
loud. (Fig. 2).
5.2. Greywacke Sandstone Facies
Facies lithic sandstones greywacke dominant is
in the Southern part of the study area. In the flow
of the river, Malakutan discovered sedimentary
layering structure.
Description sandstones greywacke lithic in detail
which has a color weathered gray dark and fresh
colors gray, grain size medium kind of Well
rounded, medium sorted, permeability moderate, Fig. 3. Conglomerates with fragments of limestone
compactness bit loud, for component grains were crystalline and limestone mudstone with direction
observed in macroscopic using loops consist of 40% N246ºE

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 lithologies of claystone and sometimes there is a
fine sandstone insert. Members of this unit
included into the Lower Formation Ombilin old
when Late Oligocene-Early Miocene. This unit is
marked in green on a geological map of the study
area. The lithofacies on this unit are:
5.3.1 Mudstone Facies
Clay facies predominantly located in the southern
part of the study area. Description claystone
detailed flake has weathered grey color and a fresh
color grey-brown, clay 1/256 mm grain size, very
well rounded, closed containers, thin laminated
sedimentary structures, low permeability, well
Fig. 4. Greywacke lithic sandstones with Fig. directions sorted, indicating that environmental carbonate
N125°E deposition on this rock is in the form of land
environment, the type of soft compactness. (Fig.. 7)
For classifying the sandstone use classification of
Pettijohn, 1986. (Fig. 5). Facies sediment may have
formed tectonically unstable when appointed by
poorly sorted, and sedimentary structures indicate
that the slow lorises rock units are the result of the
Silungkang Formation debris deposited on the
environment precipitation inland. (Fig 6).

Fig. 5. Triangular sandstone classification (Pettijhon,

1975)

Fig. 7. Claystone unit with flakes structures with photo

directions N 125° E N 305°E

For facies sedimentary depositional environments

is deposited in neritic environment which can be
seen from flake structure of the sediment,
indicating that the current relatively quiet and
nature carbonate facies sediments showed that the
sedimented on the marine environment. (Fig. 8).

6. Conclusion
In Kolok Nan Tuo area there are five lithofacies
Fig. 6. An illustration of formation of conglomerate rock are: crystalline limestone, mudstone limestone,
units as a result of debris and forming alluvial fan.
conglomerates, sandstones greywacke lithic, and
claystone that can be grouped into three
5.3 Claystone lithologies are limestone lithologies crystalline
which is a basement in the basin the conglomerate
Unit claystone is in the Central part of the study unit formed on alluvial fan and it is resulted
area that spreads from North to South. These

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 from debris unit of limestone crystalline which can
be seen on the number of fragments of limestone
crystalline and limestone mudstone in facies
conglomerates which deposited on terrestrial
environments (fluvial) as an alluvial fan. clay
lithologies interpret deposited in neritic condition
which can be seen from the content of which is the
identifier sediment carbonate marine environment
on clay facies. (Fig. 4.)

Fig. 8. An illustration of the state of environmental

change precipitation to claystone unit

Fig. 9. Geological Map of the study area

Acknowledgment Cahyaningsih, C. 2016. Carbonate Microfacies and

Diagenesis of Langgun Island, Langkawi Kedah
Thanks to Laboratory of Geological Province, Malaysia
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Dunham, RJ. 1962. Spectral Subdivision of
Universitas Islam Riau who has helped the data Limestone Type. In WE Ham (Ed), classification
collection and analysis in finish writing this of carbonate rocks, [Link], 1, p 62
article. -84.
Yeni, Yulia F., 2011. Development of
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