Course Code: MENG345

Course Name: Heat Transfer

Semester/ Year: Fall 2023-2024
Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Özdenefe
Assistant: Mr. Hussain Shawish
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Assessment: Lab
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Due Date: 25 October 2023 at 23:59 hrs.

LAB NAME: Steady State Conduction Through a Uniform Wall

STUDENT NO.: 19700512 NAME, SURNAME: Yazeed [Link]

SECTIONS:
No. STUDENT COURSE LEARNING WEIGHT OF MARKS REMARKS
OUTCOMES OUTCOMES SECTION /100 OBTAINED
S-1 6 1, 3 10
S-2 6 1, 3 10
S-3 6 1, 3 10
S-4 6 1, 3 10
S-5 6 1, 3 30
S-6 6 1, 3 30
Marks for report format & referencing
are inclusive in the marks of each
section.
TOTAL: (Out of 100)

Student Outcomes
Course Learning Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Understand the basic mechanisms of heat transfer. X X
2 Be able to obtain and solve DE of heat conduction. X
Comprehend steady conduction, solve steady conduction problems by resistance concept and
3 analyze fins. X X
Be able to solve transient heat transfer problems for lumped systems & systems with spatial
4 X
effects.
Understand the numerical solution of steady, 1D & 2D and transient, 1D & 2D heat conduction
5 X
problems.
6 Evaluate convection coefficient, heat transfer and associated temperatures for external flow. X X
7 Calculate convection coefficient, heat transfer and associated temperatures for internal flow. X
8 Evaluate convection coefficient and heat transfer for free convection cases. X
9 Analyze & size HEXs by LMTD and ε-NTU method. X
Weight of Student Outcomes H M

Instructions:
A. Report presentation: Draw neat, labeled diagrams where necessary. Write relevant equations and write your assumptions where
necessary. Be clear and specific and include units. Give explanatory notes where necessary. Carry out each step explicitly. Provide
references to the data/model/equations used. References should be from the textbook or from an authentic source.

B. Submission: Upload your report as a pdf file to the “Lab Work and Project” section in LMS within the designated time. The file
uploaded should be named as [MENG345-Lab1-Student ID-Student Name]. No late submissions will be accommodated.

MENG345–Heat Transfer
 Table of Contents

List of Tables ............................................................................................................ iii

List of Figures .......................................................................................................... iv
List of Graphs ............................................................................................................ v
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1
Theory… ................................................................................................................... 2
Description of Apparatus and equipment.................................................................. 3
Procedure & Experimental Setup .............................................................................. 5
Calculations and Results ........................................................................................... 6

Discussion and Conclusion ..................................................................................... 10

MENG345–Heat Transfer
 List of Tables

Table 1:- .................................................................................................................... 6

Table 2:- .… ............................................................................................................... 6

MENG345–Heat Transfer
 List of Figures

Figure 1:- ................................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2:- ...................................................................................................................3

Figure 3:……………………………………………………………………………4

Figure 4……………………………………………………………………………..4

MENG345–Heat Transfer
 List of graphs

Graph 1:- ................................................................................................................ 7

MENG345–Heat Transfer
 Introduction

Steady State Conduction Through a Uniform Wall experiment is a fundamental exploration in

the field of heat transfer and thermodynamics. This experiment focuses on the principles of heat

conduction within a uniform material, where heat flows steadily from one side to the other. By

analyzing this process, we gain insights into key concepts such as thermal conductivity and temperature

distribution. Understanding these principles is critical in various engineering applications, from

designing efficient heat exchangers to optimizing building insulation. In this experiment, we aim to

examine the behavior of heat transfer within a controlled environment, providing a foundation for

practical engineering and scientific knowledge in the realm of thermal dynamics.

The main specific objective of this experiment is to determine the thermal conductivity of the

material, observe and analyze the temperature distribution within the material, also calculate and

understand the rate at which heat flows through the material.

MENG345–Heat Transfer
Theory

Provided that the heated and cooled sections are clamped tightly together, so that the

two end faces are in good thermal contact, the two sections can be considered to be one

continuous wall of uniform cross section and material. According to Fourier’s law of heat

conduction: If a plane wall of thickness (∆x) and area (A) supports a temperature difference,

then the heat transfer rate per unit time (Q) by conduction through the wall is found to be:

MENG345–Heat Transfer
Description of apparatus and equipment

In order to do this experiment, we need:

1. Heat Transfer Service Unit, to measure the thermal conductivity and study
temperature distribution.

Figure: HT 10XC Computer Compatible Heat Transfer Service Unit

2. Computer Controlled Linear Heat Conduction Accessory,

Figure: HT11 Linear Heat Conduction Accessory

MENG345–Heat Transfer
that contains:

A) Thermocouples attached at different points to an insulated heater and brass

material inside to measure the temperature.

Figure: Heater with Thermocouples

B) A valve to control the flow of water.

Figure: water flow valve

MENG345–Heat Transfer
Procedure & Experimental Setup

1. It had been verified that the service console's panel displays were lit up. The RCD
at the back of the service unit had been checked when the panel display was not
illuminated; the switch should have been up. It had been verified if the program on
a computer had displayed IFD OK in the lower right corner of the window.

2. To achieve about 1.5 liters per minute, the cooling water had been turned on, and
the flow control valve had been adjusted (NOT the pressure regulator). When the
program had been used, the control box located on the software mimic diagram
window had been used to regulate the flow rate. The software screen had allowed
for the monitoring of the flow rate. The manual control valve adjacent to the test
section column had been used to adjust the cold water flow rate while utilizing the
HT11.

3. The heater voltage had been set to 9 volts:

With the selection switch in position V, the voltage control potentiometer had been
set in such a way that 9 volts were read on the top panel display.

4. Let the HT11C be allowed to settle in. On the software mimic diagram screen, the
temperatures had been kept an eye on if a computer was being used.

5. The icon in the program had been chosen to note the following information once the
temperatures had become steady: V I, Fw, T1, T2, T3, T6, T7, T8.

6. The heater voltage had been set to 12 volts, and the HT11C had been allowed to
stabilize, after which the above readings were repeated.

7. "The heater voltage had been set to 17 volts, and the HT11C had been allowed to
stabilize, after which the above readings were repeated."

8. "The heater voltage had been set to 21 volts, and the HT11C had been allowed to
stabilize, after which the above readings were repeated."

MENG345–Heat Transfer
Measurements, Calculations and Results

The recorded data below:

Table 1: Data collected from the experiment.

Q1 Q2 Q3
Temperatures x(m) T (degree Celsius) T (degree Celsius) T (degree Celsius)
T1 0 52.2 86.1 99.3
T2 0.015 50.6 65.5 94.7
T3 0.03 48.6 62.8 90.4
T6 0.045 27.9 30.2 35.3
T7 0.06 26.6 28.3 32
T8 0.075 25.2 26.2 28.3

Table 2: Data calculated.

V(Volts) I(Ampere) Q(J) T hot (degree Celsius) T cold (degree Celsius)

9 0.97 8.73 3.6 2.7
12 1.29 15.48 5.3 4
17 1.84 31.28 9 7

- Sample calculations for reading (1), as given in Table (1):

• The heat flow is calculated using the equation:

Q= V(Volts)*I(Ampere)

I= 9*0.97 = 8.73

• The heated section T_hot is formulated by using the values of the temperatures
recorded:

T1-T3= Delta T_hot

52.2 - 48.6 = 3.6 Deg. Celsius

MENG345–Heat Transfer
 • The Cooled section T_cold is formulated by using the values of the temperatures
recorded:

T6-T8= Delta T_cold

27.9 – 25.2 = 2.7 Deg. Celsius

• We then calculate the Constants of the hot section (T1-T3) using the formula:

∆𝐱𝟏𝟑 𝐂
𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐓 = 𝐐 ( . 𝐖)
∆𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐓 𝐦

0.03
8.73 ∗ = 0.0728
3.6

• We then calculate the Constants in the Cooling section (T6-T8) using:

∆𝐱 𝟔𝟖 𝐂
𝐂𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐃 = 𝐐 ( . 𝐖)
∆𝐓𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐃 𝐦

0.03
8.73 ∗ = 0.097
2.7

Temp. Vs Position
120
y = -1139.4x + 106.06
100

80
Temperature

y = -673.71x + 72.114

60

40y = -433.71x + 54.781

20

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Position
-
Graph 1: Position Vs Temperature.

• For the 1st Voltage ➔ T(x) = -433.71x + 54.781 The 1st gradient = 433.71

MENG345–Heat Transfer
 - After we got the gradients from the graph, we can easily determine the C values
Graphically by combining the Q and the gradients using the following formula:
𝑄1 𝐶
𝐶1 = 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 1 = 0.02013 (𝑚 . 𝑊)

𝐶2 and 𝐶3 can be calculated using the same formula by changing the gradient.

MENG345–Heat Transfer
Discussion and Conclusion

If we assume that the temperature profile lines are straight lines for each reading in Graph 1,
we can see that as the heat flow increases, so does their gradient.

Calculating the cumulative impact of experimental mistakes on estimated results.

- For Heat flow (Q) values, when we apply non-constant energy to a system. As a result,
a given amount of energy might be wasted or lost during energy transmission or
conversion. This explains why our computed heat flow (Q) numbers are not the entire
power provided to the heater.

- For ∆𝑇ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 , We may say that there are two separate mistakes for Tcold and
hot; one is the time taken, and the other is the flow rate of water. The time required to
read the values may be insufficient. This may result in a reading mistake. Or,
throughout the cooling process, we were unable to maintain a steady flow rate of
water.

As a consequence of this experiment, we can state that when the material's conductivity and
cross-sectional area remain constant, this scenario is exactly proportional to the heat flow. Heat
passage through a planar wall produces a temperature differential that increases linearly with
distance. As a result, we validated Furrier's law of heat conduction.

MENG345–Heat Transfer