10

Mathematics
Quarter 2- Week 5 Module 5B
Proving theorems on secants,
tangents, and segments

AIRs - LM
Mathematics 10
Quarter 2- Week 5 Module 5B: Lesson 2-Proving theorems on secants, tangents, and
segments

First Edition, 2020

COPYRIGHT 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Richie C. Noveloso, T III

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Layout Artist: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D.

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D., CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of LRMS

Erlinda M. Dela Peña, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Mathematics

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 10
Mathematics
Quarter 1-Week 5 Module 5B
Proving theorems on secants, tangents,
and segments.
 Target

This module will discuss in detail the characteristics of tangent and

secants; the relationship between tangent and radius of the circle; and how secant
and tangent in a circle create other properties particularly on angles that they form.
This module will also show how the measures of the angles formed by tangents and
secants can be determined and other aspects on how to compute for the measures
of the angles.

After going through this module, you are expected to attain the
following objectives:

Learning Competency:
Proves theorems on secants, tangents and segments. M10GE-IIe-f-1

Subtasks:
• Recall the definition of secants, tangents and segments.
• Show the relationship between tangents, secants and segments of a circle.
• Identify the angles formed by tangents and secants
• Determine the measures of angles formed by tangents and secants.

Pretest
Directions: Read and understand the questions below. Select the best answer to
each item then write your choice on your answer sheet.

1. If two chords intersect each other inside a circle, then the products of their
segments are equal. What theorem corresponds to this statement?
A. Radius-Tangent C. Perpendicular Chord
B. Intersecting Chord D. Tangent-Secant

2. What is the process in finding the measure of an angle formed by secants

intersecting inside the circle?
A. twice the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair
B. twice the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
intercepted arc
C. one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair
D. one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
intercepted arc

3. How would you find the measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting
outside the circle?
A. twice the difference of the two intercepted arcs
B. thrice the difference of the two intercepted arcs
C. one-half the difference of the two intercepted arcs
D. one-third the difference of the two intercepted arcs

4. Which of the following theorem states that if a line is tangent to a circle, then it is
perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency?
A. Radius-Tangent C. Perpendicular Chord
B. Intersecting Chord D. Tangent-Secant
5. Which of the following statements is true if two tangent segments are drawn to a
circle from an external point?
A. the two tangents are intersecting
B. the radius is perpendicular to the chord
C. the two tangent segments are congruent
D. the products of their segments are equal

6. What is the measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent that intersect on
the circle?
A. one-sixth the measure of its intercepted arc
B. one-fifth the measure of its intercepted arc
C. one-fourth the measure of its intercepted arc
D. one-half the measure of its intercepted arc

7. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the
product of the measures of one secant segment and its external secant segment is
equal to the product of the measures of the other secant segment and its external
secant segment. Which of the following theorem corresponds to the statement?
A. Radius-Tangent C. Intersecting Secant
B. Intersecting Chord D. Intersecting Secant-Tangent

8. What theorem states that “if a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to
a circle from an exterior point, then the square of the measure of the tangent segment
is equal to the product of the measures of the secant segment and its external secant
segment”?
A. Radius-Tangent C. Intersecting Secant
B. Intersecting Chord D. Intersecting Secant-Tangent

̂ = 140 and 𝑚𝑀𝑁

9. In the figure on the right, 𝑚𝑋𝑌 ̂ = 20. What is 𝑚∠𝑋𝑃𝑌?
A. 60 B. 90 C. 120 D. 180

̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐷
10. In the figure, 𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ are tangents to circle A at B and D. If CB = 16, what is
CD?
A. 14 B. 16 C. 18 D. 20

11. In the given figure above, if 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 40, what is 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐴?

A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60
12. Find the value of x in the figure.
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

13. Which of the following is the length of ̅̅̅̅

𝑍𝐾 in the figure at the right?
A. 2.86 units B. 6 units C. 8 units D. 8.75 units

14. Find the value of x in the figure below.

A. 11.4 B. 12.4 C. 22.4 D. 23.4

15. In the figure below, ̅̅̅̅

𝑆𝑌 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑌 are secants. If 𝑆𝑌 = 15 cm,
𝑇𝑌 = 6 cm, and 𝐿𝑌 = 8 cm. What is the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑌 ?
A. 20 cm C. 11.25 cm
B. 12 cm D. 6.75 cm
 Jumpstart
Let us begin this lesson by assessing your knowledge of the different
mathematical concepts previously studied and other mathematical skills learned.
Furthermore, these knowledge and skills will help you understand the different
geometric relationships involving tangents, secants and segments of a circle.

Activity 1: Find Me!

Directions: Solve the following problems completely.

If ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 are tangents to circle A, then

1. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 ___ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 ___ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵

̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐴
3. 𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ are tangents to circle O.
If 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐴 = 160, then 𝑚∠𝐶 = _____.
4. If 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝑂 = 22, what is 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝑂?

̂ = 242, what is
5. In the figure, if 𝑚𝑃𝑇𝐴
𝑚 ∠𝑃𝐴𝐿?

6. Two secants ⃡𝐺𝐷 and 𝐵𝐿

⃡ intersect at A.
̂ ̂ = 39, find 𝑚 ∠𝐺𝐴𝐵.
If 𝑚 𝐵𝐺 = 83 and 𝑚 𝐿𝐷

̂ = 54, and
7. In the figure, if 𝑚 𝑀𝑋
̂ = 120, what is 𝑚 ∠𝑁?
𝑚 𝐴𝑋
 ⃡ and 𝐴𝑇
8. 𝐴𝐶 ⃡ are tangents to the circle
with C and T as the points of tangency.
If △ 𝐴𝐶𝑇 is an equilateral triangle,
̂.
find 𝑚 𝐶𝑇

⃡ and 𝐴𝑇
9. 𝐴𝐶 ⃡ are secants. If 𝑚 ∠𝐴 = 23
̂ ̂.
and 𝑚 𝐶𝑇 = 66, find 𝑚 𝐵𝑀

̅̅̅̅ is a diameter of circle O. If the ratio

10. 𝐷𝐵
of DE:EB is 3:2, what is 𝑚 ∠𝑋?

Discover

Below are some important matters that we need to discuss in order for
you to the theorems regarding secants, tangents and segments of a circle. Read
carefully and understand all salient points written in this part of the module.

Lesson 1: Tangents and Secants of a Circle

A line on the same plane with a circle may or may

not intersect a circle. If ever a line intersects a circle,
it could be at one point or at two points.

The figures at the right showed these three instances.

Figure a at the right showed a line that does not

intersect the circle.

Figure b showed that line t intersects the circle at only

one point.

Figure c showed line l intersecting the circle at two points A and C.

 We will focus our study on figures b and c.

In figure b, line t is called a tangent and point B is called the point of tangency.
Therefore, a tangent is a line that intersects a circle at only one point and the point of
intersection is called the point of tangency.

In figure c, line l intersects the circle at two points A and C. Hence, line l is
called a secant. Thus, a secant is a line that intersects a circle at two points.

Some properties exist between tangent and circle and they will be discussed here
in detail. The first theorem is given below.

Radius-Tangent Theorem. If a line is tangent

to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the
radius at the point of tangency.

Given: line t is tangent to circle O at A.

̅̅̅̅ is a radius of the circle.
𝑂𝐴

Prove: 𝒕 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐴

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. Let B be another point on line t. 1. Line Postulate
2. B is on the exterior of circle O. 2. Definition of a tangent line (A
tangent can intersect a circle at only
one point)
̅̅̅̅ < ̅̅̅̅
3. 𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵 3. The radius is the shortest
segment from the center to the
circle and B is on the exterior
of the circle.
4. 𝒕 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐴 4. The shortest distance from a point
to a line is the perpendicular segment.

Example:

⃡ is tangent to circle B, then

In the figure, if 𝐴𝐶
⃡ ⊥ 𝐵𝐷
𝐴𝐶 ⃡ at D.

The converse of the theorem is also true.

Converse: The line drawn perpendicular to the radius of a circle at its end on the
circle is tangent to the circle.

Illustration:
⃡ ⊥ 𝐵𝐷
If 𝐴𝐶 ⃡ ⃡ is tangent to circle B.
at D, then 𝐴𝐶
 A circle is composed of infinite number of points; thus it can also have an infinite
number of tangents. Tangents of the same circle can intersect each other only
outside the circle.
At this point, we will discuss the relationship of tangents that intersect the same
circle. As such, those tangents may or may not intersect each other. Our focus
here are those tangents that intersect each other outside the circle.

Consider the given figure:

̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝑌
𝐴𝑀 ̅̅̅̅ are tangent segments from a
common external point A. What relationship exists
between ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑀 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑌? The next theorem will tell us
about this relationship and other properties related
to tangent segments from a common external point.

Theorem: If two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from an external point
then
a. the two tangent segments are congruent and
b. the angle between the segments and the line joining the external point and
the center of the circle are congruent.

Given: Circle A. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ are two tangent segments

𝐵𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷
from a common external point B. C and D are the points
of tangency.

Prove: a. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐷
b. ∠ 𝐶𝐵𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Draw 𝐴𝐶 , ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐷 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵. 1. Line determination Postulate
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐵𝐷
2. 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ are two tangent 2. Given
segments from a common
external point B.
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 3. A line tangent to a circle is
perpendicular to the radius at the
point of tangency.
4. ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 and ∠ 𝐴𝐷𝐵 are right angles. 4. Definition of right angles
5. △ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 and △ 𝐴𝐷𝐵 are right 5. Definition of right triangles
triangles. 6. Radii of the same circle are
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐷
6. 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ congruent.
7. 𝐵𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐵𝐷 7. Reflexive property of Congruency
8. △ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ △ 𝐴𝐷𝐵 8. Hypotenuse-Leg Postulate
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐷
9. 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 9-10. CPCTC (Corresponding parts of
10. ∠ 𝐶𝐵𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴 congruent triangles are congruent).

Examples:

1. In the figure, ̅̅̅̅

𝐶𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 are tangents to circle A
at B and D.
a. If CB = 10, what is CD?
b. If 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 49, what is 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴?
c. If 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 73, what is 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴? 𝑚 ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴?
Solution:
a. Since 𝐶𝐵̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐷̅̅̅̅ are tangents to the same circle from the same external point,
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
then 𝐶𝐵 ≅ 𝐶𝐷 , and therefore, CB = CD. Thus, if CB = 10, then CD = 10.
b. 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 + 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 90
49 + 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 90
𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 90 – 49 = 41
1 1
c. 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = (𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷) = (73) = 36.5
2 2
∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴 , 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 𝑚 ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴 = 36.5
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 , ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑅 and ̅̅̅̅ 𝑃𝑅 are tangents to circle A at S, M
and T respectively. If PS = 7, QM = 9 and RT = 5,
what is the perimeter of △ 𝑃𝑄𝑅?

Solution:

Using the figure and the given information, it is

therefore clear that PS = PT, QS = QM and RM = RT.
PQ = PS + SQ QR = QM + MR PR = PT + RT

Perimeter of △ 𝑃𝑄𝑅 = PQ + QR + PR
= (PS + SQ) + (QM + MR) + (PT + RT)
= (PS + QM) + (QM + RT) + (PS + RT)
= 2PS + 2QM + 2RT
= 2(PS + QM + RT)
= 2(7 + 9 + 5)
= 2 (21)
= 42

Every time tangents and secants of circles are being studies, they always come
with the study of angles formed between them. Coupled with recognizing the angles
formed is the knowledge of how to get their measures. The next section will be
devoted to studying angles formed by secants and tangents and how we can get their
measures.

Angles formed by secants and tangents are classified into five categories.
Each category is provided with illustration.

1. Angle formed by secant and tangent

intersecting on the circle. In the figure, two
angles of this type are formed, ∠𝐹𝐸𝐷 and ∠𝐹𝐸𝐵.
Each of these angles intercepts an arc. ∠𝐹𝐸𝐷
̂ and ∠𝐹𝐸𝐵 intercepts 𝐸𝐺𝐹.
intercepts 𝐸𝐹 ̂

2. Angle formed by two tangents. In the figure,

∠𝐸 is formed by two tangents. The angle
intercepts the whole circle divided into 2 arcs, minor
̂ , and major arc 𝐹𝐺𝐷
arc 𝐹𝐷 ̂.
3. Angle formed by a secant and a tangent that
intersect at the exterior of the circle. ∠𝐶 is
an angle formed by a secant and a tangent that
intersect outside the circle. ∠𝐶 intercepts two
̂ and 𝐴𝐷
arcs, 𝐷𝐵 ̂.

4. Angle formed by two secants that intersect in the interior

of the circle. The figure shows four angles formed. ∠𝑀𝐴𝑁,
∠𝑁𝐴𝑅, ∠𝑃𝐴𝑅, and ∠𝑃𝐴𝑀. Each of these angle intercepts an arc.
∠𝑀𝐴𝑁 intercepts 𝑀𝑁̂ , ∠𝑁𝐴𝑅 intercepts 𝑁𝑅̂ , ∠𝑃𝐴𝑅 intercepts
̂ ̂
𝑃𝑅 and ∠𝑃𝐴𝑀 intercepts 𝑃𝑀.

5. Angle formed by two secants intersecting

outside the circle. ∠𝐸 is an angle formed by
two secants intersecting outside the circle. ∠𝐸
̂ and 𝑃𝑆
intercepts two arcs namely, 𝑄𝑅 ̂.

How do we get the measures of angles illustrated in the previous page? To

understand the answers to this question, we will work on each theorem proving how
to get the measures of each type of angle. It is therefore understood that the
previous theorem can be used in the proof of the preceding theorem.

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent that intersect
on the circle is one-half its intercepted arc.

Given: Circle O. Secant m and tangent t

intersect at E on circle O.
1
Prove: 𝑚∠CEB = CE ̂
2
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. Draw diameter 𝐸𝐷̅̅̅̅. Join DC. 1. Line determination Postulate
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝑡
2. 𝐷𝐸 2. Radius-tangent theorem
3. ∠DCE is a right angle 3. Angle inscribed in a semicircle is a
right angle.
4. ∠DEB is a right angle 4. Perpendicular lines form right
angles
5. △ 𝐷𝐶𝐸 is a right triangle 5. Definition of right triangle
6. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2 = 90 6. Acute angles of a right triangle are
complementary
7. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐵 7. Angle addition Postulate
8. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 90 8. Definition of complementary angles
9. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 9. Transitive Property of Equality
10. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠1 10. Reflexive Property of Equality
11. 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 11. Subtraction Property of Equality
1
12. 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚CÊ 12. Inscribed angle Theorem
2
1 13. Substitution
13. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚CE ̂
2

Illustration:
̂ , what is the 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶?
In the given figure, if 𝑚 𝐶𝐸 What is 𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹?

Solution:
1 1
̂
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚CE ̂
𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 = 𝑚CDE
2 2
1 1
= (104) = (360 − 104)
2 2
1
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 52 = (256)
2
𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 = 128

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by two tangents from a common

external point is equal to one-half the difference of the major arc minus the minor
arc.

Given: Circle O. 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 are

tangents
1
̂ − 𝐵𝐶
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂)
2
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. Draw chord ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 . 1. Line determination Postulate
2. In △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, ∠1 is an exterior angle 2. Definition of exterior angle
3. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠𝐴 3. Exterior angle theorem
4. 𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠1 − 𝑚∠2 4. Subtraction Property of Equality
5.
1
𝑚∠1 = 𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶̂ 5. Measure of angle formed by
2
1 secant and tangent intersecting on
𝑚∠2 = ̂
𝑚𝐵𝐶
2 the circle is one-half the
intercepted arc.
6. 𝑚∠𝐴 =
1
̂
𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 −
1
̂
𝑚𝐵𝐶 6. Substitution
2 2

1 7. Algebraic solution (Common

̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶
7. 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂)
2 monomial Factor)

Illustration:
̂ = 162.
Find the 𝑚∠𝐴 if 𝑚𝐵𝐶

Solution:
1
Since 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶 ̂ ), then we have to find first the measure of
2
major arc BXC. To find it, use the whole circle which is 360°.
̂ = 360 − 𝑚𝐵𝐶
𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂
= 360 − 162
= 198
Then we use the theorem to find the measure of ∠𝐴,
1 1
𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶 ̂) 𝑚∠𝐴 = (36)
2 2
1
= (198 − 162) 𝑚∠𝐴 = 18
2

We are now into the third type of angle. Angle formed by secant and
tangent intersecting on the exterior of the circle.

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by a secant and tangent intersecting on

the exterior of the circle is equal to one-half the difference of their intercepted arcs.

Given: 𝐵𝐴 is a tangent of circle O

𝐵𝐷 is a secant of circle O
𝐵𝐴 and 𝐵𝐷 intersect at B
1
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐵 = (𝐴𝐷 ̂ − 𝐴𝐶
̂)
2
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝐵𝐴 is a tangent of circle O, 𝐵𝐷 is a 1. Given
secant of circle O
̅̅̅̅
2. Draw 𝐴𝐷 2. Line determination Postulate
3. ∠1 is an exterior angle of ∆𝐷𝐴𝐵 3. Definition of exterior angle
4. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 4. Exterior angle Theorem
5. 𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑚∠1 − 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 5. Subtraction Property of Equality
1
6. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ 6. The measure of an angle
2
formed by secant and tangent
intersecting on the circle equals one-half
its intercepted arc.
7. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 =
1
̂
𝑚𝐴𝐶 7. Inscribed angle Theorem
2
8. 𝑚∠𝐵 =
1
̂ − 1 𝑚𝐴𝐶
𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ 8. Substitution
2 2
9. 𝑚∠𝐵 =
1
̂ − 𝑚𝐴𝐶
(𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ ) 9. Simplifying expression
2

Illustration:
̂ = 150
In the figure, if 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ = 73 , what is the measure of
and 𝑚𝐴𝐶
𝑚∠𝐵?

Solution:
1
𝑚∠𝐵 = ̂ − 𝑚𝐴𝐶
(𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ )
2
1
= (150 − 73)
2
1
= (77)
2
𝑚∠𝐵 = 38. 5

The next theorem will tell us how angles whose vertex is in the interior of a
circle can be derived. Furthermore, this will employ the previous knowledge of
vertical angles whether on a circle or just on a plane.

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by secants intersecting inside the circle
equals one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair.

⃡
Given: 𝐴𝐶 ⃡
and 𝐵𝐷 are secants intersecting outside the
circle O forming ∠1 with vertical angle pair ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷.(We will
just work on one pair of vertical angles.)
1
Prove: 𝑚∠1(𝑚∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 ) = (𝐴𝐵 ̂ + 𝐷𝐶̂ )
2
Proof:
Statements Reasons
⃡ ⃡
1. 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 are secants intersecting 1. Given
outside the circle O.
̅̅̅̅
2. Draw 𝐴𝐷 2. Line determination Postulate
3. ∠1 is an exterior angle of ∆𝐴𝐸𝐷 3. Definition of exterior angle
4. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 4. Exterior angle Theorem
5. 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐶 = 𝑚𝐷𝐶
1
̂ 5. Inscribed Angle Theorem
2
1
𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = 𝑚𝐴𝐵 ̂
2
6. 𝑚∠1 =
1
̂ + 1 𝑚𝐴𝐵
𝑚𝐷𝐶 ̂ 6. Substitution
2 2
1
𝑚∠1 = (𝑚𝐷𝐶 ̂ + 𝑚𝐴𝐵
̂)
2

Illustration:
Using the figure, find the measure of ∠1 ̂ = 73 and 𝑚𝐷𝐶
if 𝑚𝐴𝐵 ̂ = 90.

Solution:
Using the formula in the theorem,
1
𝑚∠1 = (𝑚𝐷𝐶 ̂ + 𝑚𝐴𝐵̂)
2
1
= (90 + 73)
2
1
= (163)
2
𝑚∠1 = 81.5

Let us discuss how to find the measure of the angle formed by two
secants intersecting outside the circle.

Theorem: The measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting outside the
circle is equal to one-half the difference of the two intercepted arcs.

Given: 𝐴𝐵 ⃡ and 𝐶𝐷 ⃡ are secants

intersecting outside the circle O forming
∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 outside the circle.
1
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = (𝐴𝐷 ̂ − 𝐵𝐶
̂ )
2
Proof:

Statements Reasons
⃡ ⃡
1. 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are secants 1. Given
intersecting outside the circle O
forming ∠BEC outside the circle.
2. Draw ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 2. Line determination Postulate
3. ∠1 is an exterior angle of ∆𝐷𝐵𝐸 3. Definition of exterior angle of a triangle
4. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 4. Exterior angle Theorem
5. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚∠1 − 𝑚∠2 5. Subtraction Property of Equality
1
6. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ 6. Inscribed Angle Theorem
2
1
𝑚∠2 = 𝑚𝐵𝐶 ̂
2

7. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶
1
= 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ 1
̂
− 𝑚𝐵𝐶 7. Substitution
2 2
1
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = ̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶
(𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂)
2
Illustration:
̂ = 150 and 𝑚𝐵𝐶
Find the measure of ∠BEC if 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ = 80.

Solution:
Again, we apply the theorem using the formula:
1
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = (𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶̂)
2
1
= (150 − 80)
2
1
= (70)
2
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 35

Lesson 2: Tangents and Secants Segments

Let us proceed to the theorems on tangent and secant segments of circles

with illustrations and examples presented.

Intersecting Chord Theorem: When two chords intersect each other inside a circle,
the products of their segments are equal.

In the circle shown at the right, ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐶 intersects ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 at S. AC
consists of two segments, namely, AS and SC. Likewise, for
BD, we have BS and SD. From the theorem,
𝐴𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐶 = 𝐵𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐷

In the illustration above, If AS = 8, SC = 2, BS = 4, what is SD?

Solution:
Using the formula,
𝐴𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐶 = 𝐵𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐷
8 ∙ 2 = 4 ∙ 𝑆𝐷
16 = 4𝑆𝐷
𝑆𝐷 = 4
Intersecting Secants Theorem: If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from
an exterior point, then the product of the measures of one secant segment and its
external secant segment is equal to the product of the measures of the other secant
segment and its external secant segment.

̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝑀𝑄
In the circle, 𝑀𝑂 ̅̅̅̅̅ are secants that
intersects at point M.
So, 𝑀𝑁 ∙ 𝑀𝑂 = 𝑀𝑃 ∙ 𝑀𝑄

Given: 𝑀𝑁 = 10, 𝑁𝑂 = 17, 𝑀𝑃 = 9. Find the length of 𝑃𝑄.

Solution:
𝑀𝑂 = 𝑀𝑁 + 𝑁𝑂
𝑀𝑄 = 𝑀𝑃 + 𝑃𝑄
𝑀𝑁 ∙ 𝑀𝑂 = 𝑀𝑃 ∙ 𝑀𝑄
𝑀𝑁(𝑀𝑁 + 𝑁𝑂) = 𝑀𝑃(𝑀𝑃 + 𝑃𝑄)
10(10 + 17) = 9(9 + 𝑃𝑄)
270 = 81 + 9𝑃𝑄
189 = 9𝑃𝑄
21 = 𝑃𝑄
Therefore, PQ is equal to 21 units.

Intersecting Secant-Tangent Theorem: If a tangent segment and a secant segment

are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the square of the measure of the
tangent segment is equal to the product of the measures of the secant segment and
its external secant segment.

̅̅̅̅ is a tangent and ̅̅̅̅

In the circle, 𝑈𝑉 𝑈𝑌 is a
secant. They intersect at point 𝑈. So,
(𝑈𝑉)2 = 𝑈𝑋 ∙ 𝑈𝑌

In the circle shown above, if 𝑈𝑋 = 8 and 𝑋𝑌 = 10, find the length of 𝑈𝑉.
Solution:
Since 𝑈𝑌 = 𝑈𝑋 + 𝑈𝑌, then 𝑈𝑌 = 18
(𝑈𝑉)2 = 𝑈𝑋 ∙ 𝑈𝑌
= (8)(18)
= 144
Take the square root of each side,
√(𝑈𝑉)2 = √144
𝑈𝑉 = 12
 Explore
Work on the following enrichment activities for you to apply your
understanding on this lesson.

Activity 2: Missing Me!

Direction: In each of the given figure, find the measure of the unknown angle (x).

How did you find the activity? What mathematical concepts did you use?

Now, here is another activity that lets you apply what you have learned about
theorems on tangents and secants segments.
Activity 3: Find My Length!

Directions: Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the following
figures.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

Excellent! You just able to apply the theorems you have learned.

Answer the next activity to deepen your understanding in the concepts and theorems
you have studied in this module.
 Deepen

Activity 4: Try Me!

Directions: Answer the following problems completely. Find the missing angles or
arcs in the given figure.

̂ = 108 and 𝑚∠𝐷𝑂𝐶 = 85, find:

1. If 𝑚𝐷𝐸
̂
a. 𝑚𝐸𝐴 d. 𝑚∠𝐶𝐴𝐵
b. 𝑚∠𝐸𝐴𝐹 e. 𝑚∠1
c. 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐹

2. Using the given figure, find x and y.

3. If 𝑥 = 18 and 𝑦 = 23, find 𝑚∠1.

⃡ is tangent to circle O. 𝐴𝐵
4. 𝐸𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ is a diameter. If
̂ = 47, find 𝑚𝐴𝐷
𝑚𝐷𝐵 ̂ and 𝑚∠𝐸𝐶𝐷.

5. A polygon is said to be circumscribed about a circle

if its sides are tangent to the circle. ∆PRT is circumscribed
about circle O. If PT = 10, PR = 13 and RT = 9, find AP, TC
and RB.
 Gauge

Assessment
Directions: Read and understand the questions below. Select the best answer to
each item then write your choice on your answer sheet.

1. What theorem states that if a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to

the radius at the point of tangency?
A. Radius-Tangent C. Perpendicular Chord
B. Intersecting Chord D. Tangent-Secant

2. If two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from an external point, then which of
the following statements is true?
A. the radius is perpendicular to the chord
B. the two tangent segments are congruent
C. the two tangents are intersecting
D. the products of their segments are equal

3. What is the measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent that intersect on
the circle?
A. one-sixth the measure of its intercepted arc
B. one-fifth the measure of its intercepted arc
C. one-fourth the measure of its intercepted arc
D. one-half the measure of its intercepted arc

4. What is the measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting outside the
circle?
A. one-half the difference of the two intercepted arcs
B. one-third the difference of the two intercepted arcs
C. twice the difference of the two intercepted arcs
D. thrice the difference of the two intercepted arcs

5. How do you find the measure of an angle formed by secants intersecting inside the
circle?
A. twice the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair
B. twice the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
intercepted arc
C. one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair
D. one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
intercepted arc

6. What theorem states that “If two chords intersect each other inside a circle, the
products of their segments are equal”?
A. Radius-Tangent C. Perpendicular Chord
B. Intersecting Chord D. Tangent-Secant
7. If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from an exterior
point, then the square of the measure of the tangent segment is equal to the product
of the measures of the secant segment and its external secant segment. Which of the
following theorem corresponds to the statement?
A. Radius-Tangent C. Intersecting Secant
B. Intersecting Chord D. Intersecting Secant-Tangent

8. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the
product of the measures of one secant segment and its external secant segment is
equal to the product of the measures of the other secant segment and its external
secant segment. Which of the following theorem corresponds to the statement?
A. Radius-Tangent C. Intersecting Secant
B. Intersecting Chord D. Intersecting Secant-Tangent

9. In the figure, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ are tangents to circle A at B

𝐶𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷
and D. If CB = 15, what is CD?
A. 10 C. 20
B. 15 D. 25

10. In the given figure above, if 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 50 , what is

𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐴?
A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 50
11. What is the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝐾 in the figure at the right?
A. 2.86 units B. 6 units C. 8 units D. 8.75
units

̂ = 150 and 𝑚𝑀𝑁

12. In the figure on the right, 𝑚𝑋𝑌 ̂ = 30.
What is 𝑚∠𝑋𝑃𝑌?
A. 60 B. 90 C. 120 D. 180

13. Find the value of x in the figure.

A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20
 ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅
14. In the figure below, 𝑆𝑌 𝐸𝑌 are secants. If 𝑆𝑌 = 15 cm, 𝑇𝑌 = 6 cm, and
𝐿𝑌 = 8 cm. What is the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑌 ?
A. 20 cm C. 11.25 cm
B. 12 cm D. 6.75 cm

15. What is the value of x in the figure below?

A. 11.4 B. 12.4 C. 22.4 D. 23.4
References

Books:

Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s Module

New Century Mathematics 10 Math book for Grade 10

Links:

https://www.slideshare.net/dionesioable/module-2-circles?qid=b3583b58-9cfa-4e
93-9c8c-9702081cb981&v=&b=&from_search=3

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/intersecting-secant
-tangent-theorem#:~:text=If%20a%20tangent%20segment%20and,and%20its%20ex
ternal%20secant%20segment.

https://www.mathopenref.com/chordsintersecting.html

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/intersecting-secant
-tangent-theorem

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/intersecting-secant
s-theorem#:~:text=If%20two%20secant%20segments%20are,and%20its%20externa
l%20secant%20segment.

https://www.ck12.org/geometry/tangent-secant-theorem/lesson/Segments-from-
Secants-and-Tangents-GEOM/#:~:text=Secants%20and%20Tangents-,Segments%2
0from%20Secants%20and%20Tangents,same%20of%20the%20other%20secant.
 Answer Key
Pretest
1. B 6. D 11. C
2. C 7. C 12. B
3. C 8. D 13. D
4. A 9. A 14. C
5. B 10. B 15. C
Activity 1. Find Me!
1. ≅ or congruent to 6. 61
2. ⊥ or perpendicular to 7. 33
3. 40 8. 120
4. 22 9. 20
5. 59 10. 18
Activity 2. Missing Me!
1. x = 75
2. x = 23
3. x = 12
4. x = 53.5
5. x = 34
Activity 3. Find My Length
1. x = 8
2. x = 10.5
3. x = 18
4. x = 12
5. x = 2√6
Activity 4. Try Me!
1. a. 72 c. 42.5 e. 54
b. 36 d. 47.5
2. x = 70, y = 50
3. 𝑚∠1 = 41
4. 𝑚𝐴𝐷̂ = 133, 𝑚∠𝐸𝐶𝐷 = 43
5. AD = 7, TC = 3, RB = 6
Gauge
Assessment
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. C