INJIBARA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPETITIONAL SCIENCE
DEPERTEMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE
A PROPOSAL ON-
THE EFFECT OF SIX WEEKS CONTINOUS TRAINING ON SOME SELECTED
STUDENTS FOOTBALL PERFORMANCE IN CASE OF KIFICHIGN PRIMARY SCHOOL,
TAQUSA WOREDA.
By-
1- Getaye Tebkew-704
2- Haymanot Abiye-731
3- Gebra Nega-684
4- Habtamu Damte-624
5- Kasanesh amberber-737
Advisor-Amare Mebratu(MA)
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Table of Contents
Content Page
CHAPTER ONE-INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1
[Link] of the study............................................................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the problem......................................................................................................2
1.3. Objectives of the study..........................................................................................................2
1.3.1. General objective of the study........................................................................................2
1.3.2. Specific Objectives of the study.....................................................................................2
1.4. Research Questions...............................................................................................................3
1.5. Significance of the study.......................................................................................................3
1.6. Delimitation of the study...................................................................................................4
1.7. Organization of the Study.....................................................................................................4
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY........................................................................................6
[Link] of the Study................................................................................................................6
3.2. Approaches of the study....................................................................................................6
[Link] of the study.........................................................................................................7
[Link] method...................................................................................................................8
3.5. Data collection instruments...................................................................................................8
3.5.1. Pre- test...........................................................................................................................8
3.5.2. Post- test.........................................................................................................................8
[Link].....................................................................................................................8
3.6. Data collection procedures....................................................................................................9
3.7. Data Analysis Method.......................................................................................................9
[Link] BRAKE DOWN........................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................11
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CHAPTER ONE-INTRODUCTION
[Link] of the study
Football at the professional level of play is arguably the worlds leading team sport,performed by menand
women,children and adults with different level of expertise aspects such as experience,body
combosition,endurance and balance between aerobic and anaerobic power among other factors are of
primary importance in dvevelopment and evaluation of [Link] than ever,adolescents with
exceptional performance abilities a are being encouraged to train and compete intensely and players
teenage years do feature in all top club teams. While adolescent with physiological response to training
are qualitatively similar to those of adults ,there are several age and development related quantitative
differences in trainablity of special interest to the sport scientist involved in football are the effects of
training on the young players.
Continuous training as the name implies, involves continuous activity, without rest intervals.
This has varied from high intensity, Continuous activity of moderate duration to low-intensity
activity of an extended duration, Continuous training is probably the most widely used form of
endurance conditioning for jogger who want to stay in condition for health-related purpose, the
athlete who participate in team sports and endurance trains for general condition, and the athlete
who wants to maintain his endurance condition during the off-season. Ajmer Singh et al., (2003).
Continuous training is a training with carious intensity according to requirement of the athlete
and dictates of the terrain. The athlete will use a terrain which undulates and makes varying
demands upon him. (Ex. Hills, Woodland, Ploughed land, sand) like the alternating pace method,
anaerobic period provides a sting stimulus for the improvement of VO2 maximum. In addition,
the demands of terrain stimulate strength endurance development and proprioceptive balance
adjustment of ankle, knee and hip (Dick 1980).
Continuous and interval training are widely used in sports practice in order to improve
performance in athletes, or to promote health in sedentary populations. Moreover,this type of
exercise are used in rehabilitation programs of patients with chronic diseases . Continuous
training is considered as ‘better training’ and consists of repeated periods of high intensity
exercise continuous periods of higher intensity. Continuous exercise is characterized by constant
submaximal workload. During the 1930’s continuous training became popular in track and field
events. German running coach first introduced this type of exercise). While in the early 1960’s
the Studies of A strand et al and Christensen et al. opened a new field in exercise physiology and
training. Different foreign researchs were conducted on the effect of continous training on the
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performance of football players and the result of research showed that continuous high intensity
training had a negative impact on the performance of football players and they recommended
that interval training is a preferable traing to develop the players skill on foot ball
[Link] this study will try to assure the effect of six weeks continous traing incase
Kififchign primary school at Taqusa woreda.
1.2. Statement of the problem
During conducting the study atTaqusa woreda,Kifichign primary school, the project has several
problems related to lack of appropriate training that hinder performance of players . Those
problems make players unable to compute with the other player and influenced on the athletes
performance, psychology and strongly affects their futures.
Though many researches were conducted on the effect of circuit and polymeric training on
developing foot ball skill, as far as the researcher’s reading is concerned, he doesn’t get many
research works which were conducted on the influence of continuous training on the trainees’
football performance. Students` at Kifichign primary school are poor in football performance
and there are no projects which are well organized and took their training by selcted coaches
considering the science of [Link], the primary intention of the study will be to
investigate the effects of six weeks continuous training on football performance in the case of
Taqusa woreda,Amhara regional state.
1.3. Objectives of the study
1.3.1. General objective of the study
The general objective of this study will be to investigate the effect of six weeks continuous
training method on developing trainees’ football performance in selected students .
1.3.2. Specific Objectives of the study
1- Investigating the effect of six weeks continuous training method on the football performance
of the trainees.
2-Investigating the facility and equipment for training football performance in selected students.
[Link] the contribution of the community for the development of football in the study area.
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1.4. Research Questions
In this study, the researcher will examine the following leading questions that will be answered
at the end of the research.
1. What are the major effects of six weeks continuous training on some selected students
football performance in Taqusa woreda kifichign General primary school?
2. Is there sufficient facility and equipment for football performance training ?
3. What is the contribution of the community for the development of football in the study
area?
1.5. Significance of the study
First, the findings of this research might be useful for trainers in the profession by providing
additional information to the existing study about techniques of improving trainees’football
performance. Moreover, the findings of this study will be hoped to be used by physical education
teachers and trainers in schools and project works as an effort to improve students’ football skill
by providing instructors valuable information about the importance of using continuous training
method in football projects. The finding will also give insights for material developers about the
importance of using continuous training for foot ball skills in project manuals and training plans
through all project training levels.
Furthermore, it will be hoped that the study will inspire other researchers to conduct further
empirical studies on how to effectively implement continuous training context both at higher
institutions and secondary schools and project training works found in different part of the
country. This study will also used as a stepping stone for researchers who are interested in the
use of continuous training in football training methods .In turn it will help football trainees’
develop their performance to play football skillfully.
The study will practically provid trainers with the information about why and when they can use
continuous training while training football in the project. This study will, therefore, inform
training trainers when they should allow their trainees to employ continuous training in the
football training.
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1.6. Delimitation of the study
As implementing the new training method in to more than one training project increased the
likelihood of extraneous variables in this experimental study; the present study will be limited
only atTaqusa woreda,kifichign primary school selected students. Consequently, foot ball trains
out of this district in the zone will not be the participants of the study.
For the sake of manageability, my scope of study will be on the foot ball skill of selected
students as a dependent variable and six weeks continuous training as independent variable
1.7. Organization of the Study
The research paper will be organized in five chapters. The first chapter will deal about back
ground of the study, statement of the problems, objective of the study, significance, Limitations
and delimitations of the study. The second chapter will be attempted to forward the review of
related literature. The third chapter will also deal with the research design and methodology, the
fourth chapter will also deal with data analysis and interpretation and the last chapter or chapter
five will deal with summary, conclusion and recommendation of the thesis.
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CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
[Link] of the Study
Of the variants of Experimental designs, non-equivalent two group pretest posttest qusai-
experimental design will be employed to achieve the goal of the study. Since the effect
continuous training method on trainees’ football skill needs to be identified through
experimentation, the researcher will use experimental design having two intact (naturally
existing) groups for two reasons. One will be the possibility that the temporal precedence of the
independent variable to the dependent variable will be established because of the pretest and post
test. This enables the researcher to infer that the change in the dependent variable is mainly
caused by the independent variable. Second, the use of pretest will allow the researcher to
measure between group differences before exposure to the treatment, which will considerably
reduce the threat of selection bias.
Another main reason why the researcher will choose quasi- experimental design is that quasi-
experimental design will enable the researcher to select naturally existing groups than selecting
the participants by randomization and forming artificialization which might also be difficult to
control extraneous variables. Furthermore, this design is manageable by limiting the
interpretation of the cause and effect relationships.
In addition, the researcher will focus on the two variables while conducting this research. These
variables will be : independent variable which refers to the treatment implemented in this study
( using six weeks continuous training), and dependent variable which refers to the football skills
of the participants in the intact group with its different football competences.
3.2. Approaches of the study
Taking in to account the nature and purpose of the study, the researcher will use mixed method
research approach. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be collected from the participants
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before and after the intervention. According to Robson (2002) there is no clear cut decision to
choose one method as effective and reject the remaining as poor.
The quantitative approach will be used to answer the first three research questions. It will be
employed to test effects of continous training on football performance and to identify significant
statistical differences between the treatment and control groups. As Creswell (2012) stresses if
the problem demands for the identification of factors that influence an outcome, the utility of
intervention or understanding the best predictors of an outcome , then quantitative approach is
appropriate
The qualitative approach is used to answer the second and the third research question of the
study. The qualitative approach offers the researcher to get in depth information about the
trainees idea on the effect of continous traing on their football performance in relation to material
acess and the perception of the community towards it. In addition, it is vital to triangulate the
quantitative data obtained from pretest and posttests.
[Link] of the study
The participants of the study will be all male students at Kifichign primary [Link] two intact
groups will be taken as participants of the study by dividing the already selected participants in
to two equal parts with equal number of participants. The primary school will be selected
because the researcher is assigned to teach physical education in the primary school, and he has
been working in the primary school and realize the dominant use of the method of football
training and the researcher will be interested to see the effect of six weeks continuous training
on the trainees’ football skill
Another reason for choosing this trainees will be for further follow up of the trainee’s football
training and to make the data more relevant since the researcher is near where the training goes
on.
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[Link] method
In the Woreda there are 82 primary schools and kifichign primary school will be selcted by
purposive sampling since the researcher himself is teaching at [Link] the design of the
study is experimental, the researcher will take the male intact groups which was in their natural
setting as a sample size comprehensively. Therefore, comprehensive sampling technique will be
used to take the participants of the study. Comprehensive sampling is a technique in which the
researcher used to take his participants if there are no alternative participants to participate in the
study and researcher can select all cases, which are typical to the problem in focus for a study
and organize the information effectively. Thus, the researcher will use random sampling method
to assign as an experimental group and control group by dividing the whole population in to
equal parts. From these sections, one group will be assigned as control group whereas the other
group will be assigned- as an experimental group by lottery method in order to avoid bias of
selection.
3.5. Data collection instruments
Pretest and post-test will be the main instruments to gather the required data. Tests give us
valuable information about the progress or the failure of the trainees in the training process that
incorporate a particular training method.
3.5.1. Pre- test
Prior to the experiment a practical test of foot ball skills will be used for both the experimental
and control group in order to make sure that the trainees' were different in football
performance.). To suit the purpose of the study, ten practical activities are designed to meet
two criteria: first appropriate for trainees level of performance and contained the contents of the
training.
3.5.2. Post- test
. The post test will be administered four weeks after the treatment to test the trainees’ football
performance of shooting , defencing and ball controlling.
[Link]
In order to assess the trainees engagements trainees’ self-report questionnaire will be employed.
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The researcher will adapt data gathering instruments from different sources to increase the
validity of the instruments in the study. Adapted instruments will have a five lickert scale rating
from strongly agree (5), agree (4), neutral (3) disagree (2) and strongly disagree (1) on the item
statements. The tools will be designed to assess the trainees sychomotor and
emotional/affective continous training engagement constructs. Since the purpose of the
questionnaire is to examine effects of continous training on foot ball performance, both the
treatment and control group participants will be involved in responding the questionnaire before
and after the intervention.
3.6. Data collection procedures
Permission to conduct the research will obtained from the school principal and the relevant
literature will be reviewed to establish the theoretical back ground of the study. Later on, the
continuous training program will be prepared and validated then the football skill test and
questionaire will be adopted from scholars prepared by the researcher and validated by football
coaches, experts and my [Link] designed program will be applied for a period of one
month in order to examine effects of six weeeks continuous training method on the development
of trainees’ football skill. The results of the three instruments will be statistically analyzed and
the trainees’ name will be coded as T1, T2, T3…………..The findings of the study will be
analyzed and discussed.
3.7. Data Analysis Method
The raw data that the researcher got from the football skill test will be coded and tabulated. It
will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like an independent t-test
and paired sample t-test. Descriptive statistics include mean, and standard deviation. They are
useful to summarize and forward information about the trainees' that will be generalized to the
whole population later. But t-tests are included under inferential statistics. As the name indicates,
they are very important to infer or draw valuable information from an analysis. Among the
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various t-tests the researcher will use an independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test
because this type of test compare and contrasts two independent non equivalent intact groups.
The analysis will be done using SPSS. The change between the pre-test and the post-test will be
analyzed. Based on the analysis, the research questions that the researcher set at the onset of the
study will be analyzed and interpreted.
[Link] BRAKE DOWN
No. Budget Category Total Cost
1 Printing Paper for proposal draft writing and printing 700.00
2 Photocopying different materials 500.00
3 For secretarial works (typing) 1500.00
4 Printing ink (black) 500.00
5 Transportation 1000.00
6 Questionnaire duplication 500.00
7 Transportation costs for investigators 500.00
8 Paper for draft writing and printing 500.00
Grand Total 5,700
Budget source: - Self
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