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BEAM WITH ECCENTRIC POINT LOAD EXAMPLE
STEEL BEAM TORSION DESIGN (EN1993)
In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the UK national
annex
Tedds calculation version 1.0.05
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability M1 = 1
Section details
Section type UKC 254x254x73 (Tata Steel Advance)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004 S275
Nominal thickness of element tnom = max(tf, tw) = 14.2 mm
Nominal yield strength fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity E = 210000 N/mm2
Shear centre
Distance between flange shear centres hs = h - tf = 239.9 mm
Shear centre (above bottom flange centroid) es,bf = hs / 2 = 120.0 mm
Analysis results
Design bending moment - major axis My,Ed = 102.0 kNm
Design shear force - major axis Vy,Ed = 52.0 kN
Classification
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section c = d = 200.3 mm
c / tw = 23.3 = 25.2 <= 72 Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section c = (b - tw - 2 r) / 2 = 110.3 mm
c / tf = 7.8 = 8.4 <= 9 Class 1
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Section is class 1
Torsional loads
Load No. Load type Load (kNm) Distance along beam (mm)
1 Point load 7.5 2000
Rotation (SCI P385 Appendix C Case 3)
if(x <= L then = Td a / (GSEC3 It) ((1 - ) x /a + ((sinh( L / a) / tanh(L / a) - cosh( L / a)) sinh(x / a)))
if(x > L then = Td a / (GSEC3 It) ((L - x) / a + sinh( L / a) / tanh(L / a) sinh(x / a) - sinh( L / a) cosh(x /
a))
Additional minor moment due to rotation, Mz,add,Ed = My,Ed
Additional minor design moment due to rotation Mz,add,Ed = 5.31 kNm
St Venant ' (SCI P385 Appendix C Case 3)
if(x <= L then ' = Td / (GSEC3 It) ((1 - ) + ((sinh( L / a) / tanh(L / a) - cosh( L / a)) cosh(x / a)))
if(x > L then ' = Td / (GSEC3 It) (- + sinh( L / a) / tanh(L / a) cosh(x / a) - sinh( L / a) sinh(x / a))
Design value of the internal St Venant torsion moment Tt,Ed = GSEC3 It '
St Venant torsion design moment Tt,Ed = 1.77 kNm
Warping '' (SCI P385 Appendix C Case 3)
if(x <= L then '' = Td / (GSEC3 It a) (sinh( L / a) / tanh(L / a) - cosh( L / a)) sinh(x / a)
if(x > L then '' = Td / (GSEC3 It a) (sinh( L / a) sinh(x / a) / tanh(L / a) - sinh( L / a) cosh(x / a))
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Warping design moment, Mw,Ed = ESEC3 Iw '' / hs
Warping design moment Mw,Ed = 21.16 kNm
Warping torsional ''' (SCI P385 Appendix C Case 3)
if(x <= L then ''' = Td / (GSEC3 It a2) (sinh( L / a) / tanh(L / a) - cosh( L / a)) cosh(x / a)
if(x > L then ''' = Td / (GSEC3 It a2) (sinh( L / a) cosh(x / a) / tanh(L / a) - sinh( L / a) sinh(x / a))
Warping torsional design moment, Tw,Ed = ESEC3 Iw '''
Warping torsional design moment Tw,Ed = 3.75 kNm
Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web hw = h - 2 tf = 225.7 mm
= 1.000
hw / tw = 26.2 = 28.4 / < 72 /
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force Vy,Ed = 52.00 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3) Av = max(A - 2 b tf + (tw + 2 r) tf, hw tw) = 2562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2) Vpl,y,Rd = Av (fy / (3)) / M0 = 406.8 kN
Shear stress due to St Venant torsion t,Ed = Tt,Ed tw / It = 26.48 N/mm2
Reduced shear resistance due to torsion - eq 6.26 Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,T,y,Rd = (1 - t,Ed / (1.25 (fy / (3)) / M0)) Vpl,y,Rd = 378.7
kN
Vy,Ed / Vpl,T,y,Rd = 0.137
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment My,Ed = 102 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13 Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = Wpl.y fy / M0 = 272.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mpl,y,Rd = 0.374
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Loading factor C1 C1 = 1.348
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Loading factor C2 C2 = 0.63
Loading factor C3 C3 = 1.73
Poissons ratio = 0.3
Shear modulus G = E / [2 (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length L = 4000 mm
Distance from shear centre to level of load zg = 0.0 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment Mcr = C1 2 E Iz / (kz,cr L2) (((kz,cr / kw,cr)2 Iw / Iz + L2 G It /
(2 E Iz) + (C2 zg)2) - (C2 zg)) = 1047.9 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling LT = (Wpl.y fy / Mcr) = 0.51
Limiting slenderness ratio LT,0 = 0.4
Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section [Link]
Buckling curve - Table 6.5 b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3 LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor LT = 0.5 (1 + LT (LT - LT,0) + LT2) = 0.616
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57 LT = min(1 / (LT + (LT2 - LT2)), 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.956
Modification factor f = min(1 - 0.5 (1 - kc) [1 - 2 (LT - 0.8)2], 1) = 0.942
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58 LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 1.000
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55 Mb,Rd = LT,mod Wpl.y fy / M1 = 272.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.374
PASS - Design buckling resistance exceeds design buckling moment
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment Mz,Ed,total = Mz,Ed + Mz,add,Ed = 5.3 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13 Mc,z,Rd = Mpl,z,Rd = Wpl.z fy / M0 = 128 kNm
Mz,Ed,total / Mpl,z,Rd = 0.041
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Check warping moment
Warping moment in flange Mw,Ed = 21.16 kNm
Plastic modulus of flange Wpl.f = tf b2 / 4 = 230.12 cm3
Design warping resistance of flange Mw,Rd = Wpl.f fy / M0 = 63.28 kNm
Mw,Ed / Mw,Rd = 0.334
PASS - Bending resistance in one flange exceeds the design warping moment
Combined bending and torsion (EN1993-6 Annex A)
Equiv. uniform moment factor (parabolic curve) Cmz = 0.95
Characteristic moment resistance - y axis My,Rk = Wpl.y fy = 272.8 kNm
Characteristic moment resistance - z axis Mz,Rk = Wpl.z fy = 128 kNm
Characteristic warping resistance Mw,Rk = Wpl.f fy = 63.3 kNm
Interaction factors kw = 0.7 - 0.2 Mw,Ed / (Mw,Rk / M1) = 0.63
kzw = 1 - Mz,Ed,total / (Mz,Rk / M1) = 0.96
k = 1 / (1 - My,Ed / Mcr) = 1.11
Interaction formula eqn A.1 My,Ed / (LT My,Rk / M1) + Cmz Mz,Ed,total / (Mz,Rk / M1) + kw kzw k
Mw,Ed / (Mw,Rk / M1) = 0.655
PASS - Combined bending and torsion check satisfied
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Plastic verification - Exp.6.41
(My,Ed / Mpl,y,Rd)2 + Mz,Ed,total / Mpl,z,Rd + Mw,Ed / Mw,Rd = 0.516
PASS - Plastic interaction criterion is less than 1.0
