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GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

PREPARATORY EXAMINATION
2020
10781

GEOGRAPHY

PAPER 1

TIME: 3 hours

MARKS: 225

17 pages + an addendum of 14 pages

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of FOUR questions.

2. Answer ANY THREE questions of 75 marks each.

3. All diagrams are included in the ADDENDUM.

4. Leave a line open between sub-sections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper. Number the answers in the CENTRE of the line.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams, where possible.

9. Write neatly and legibly.

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SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1

1.1 Refer to FIGURE 1.1, showing a cross section of a tropical cyclone. Choose the
correct word(s) from those given in brackets to make the statements TRUE.
Write only the word(s) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.7) in the
ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.8 Rising air.

1.1.1 The pressure system depicted in FIGURE 1.1 is a (high pressure /

low pressure) system.

1.1.2 The sea surface temperature to sustain this pressure system would
need to be (above / below) 27 degrees Celsius.

1.1.3 The cyclonic surface flow indicates that this pressure system
occurred in the (northern / southern) hemisphere.

1.1.4 The general direction of movement of this pressure system is (west

to east / east to west).

1.1.5 The cloud formation in the dangerous semi-circle (forward left hand
quadrant) are (cumulonimbus / cirrus) clouds.

1.1.6 Clear conditions in the eye of the cyclone results from the
(subsidence / rising) of air.

1.1.7 This pressure system is in the (mature / initial) stage of

development.
(7 x 1) (7)

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1.2 The following descriptions indicate factors which influence the development of
specific drainage patterns. Indicate which drainage pattern refers to each of the
following descriptions. Write only the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) and the
answer in your ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1 The drainage pattern that develops in areas of alternating soft and
resistant rock.

1.2.2 The drainage pattern where tributaries flow into a basin.

1.2.3 A drainage pattern that is generally found in areas of inclined rock

strata, which causes the tributaries to meet the main stream at right
angles.

1.2.4 A drainage pattern that develops when tributaries join the main river
at acute angles.

1.2.5 A dome causes the development of this drainage pattern.

1.2.6 A drainage pattern that is found in areas of steeply folded bedrock.

1.2.7 Highly jointed bedrock causes the formation of this drainage pattern.

1.2.8 The drainage pattern that develops when a pre-existing drainage

pattern is disrupted, e.g. by glaciers. (8 x 1) (8)

1.3 FIGURE 1.3 shows the location of anti-cyclones over South Africa.

1.3.1 Identify the anti-cyclonic systems labelled A and B in FIGURE 1.3.

(2 x 1) (2)

1.3.2 Describe the change in location of these anti-cyclonic systems from

summer to winter. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.3 Explain the impact that the position of anti-cyclonic system A will
have on rainfall over the Western Cape in winter. (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.4 Evaluate the positive and negative impact that rainfall conditions
during winter will have on eco-tourism in the Western Cape region.
(3 x 2) (6)

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1.4 Refer to FIGURE 1.4 showing temperature differences between a rural an

urban area.

1.4.1 Define the term urban heat island. (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.2 Identify a structural (building) characteristic of the urban area that

will influence the development of an urban heat island. (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.3 Differentiate between the heat absorption in the city and the rural
area. (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.4 Explain how the structural (building) characteristics mentioned in

QUESTION 1.4.2 results in the difference in heat absorption and
retention between rural and urban areas. (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss how heat

absorption in the city impacts negatively on the health of its
inhabitants (people living in the city) and give sustainable solutions
to these negative impacts. (4 x 2) (8)

1.5 FIGURE 1.5 is an illustration of a fluvial feature.

1.5.1 In which stage of a river do rapids mainly occur? (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 Name the dominant type of erosion that occurs at this stage of a
river, identified in QUESTION 1.5.1. (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.3 Explain the effect that the type of erosion that you have identified in
QUESTION 1.5.2 will have on the shape of the river valley. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 Why is a rapid described as a temporary base level of erosion?

(1 x 2) (2)

1.5.5 Describe what would happen to the temporary base level if the rate
of erosion continues. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.6 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest ways in which

rapids can be exploited for economic gain. (4 x 2) (8)

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1.6 FIGURE 1.6 shows the process of river capture over a long period of time.

1.6.1 Define the term river capture. (1 x 1) (1)

1.6.2 Indicate which river illustrated in FIGURE 1.6 is the captor and
captured stream respectively. (2 x 1) (2)

1.6.3 (a) Name the type of erosion that lengthened the captor stream.
(1 x 1) (1)
(b) Describe how the erosion mentioned in QUESTION 1.6.3(a)
lengthened the captor stream. (1 x 2) (2)

1.6.4 Explain the impact of river capture on the volume of water in the
Dawson River. (2 x 2) (4)

1.6.5 Comment on the impact that the change in velocity will have on the
rate of deposition in the Dawson River. (2 x 2) (4)
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QUESTION 2

2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 showing an extract from a synoptic weather map.
Provide a term / phrase for the following climatological descriptions. Write
only the question numbers 2.1.1 to 2.1.8 and the answer in your ANSWER
BOOK, for example 2.1.9 High Pressure.

2.1.1 The type of front indicated at B

2.1.2 The type of clouds that generally precede feature B

2.1.3 The wind direction in Port Elizabeth

2.1.4 The dew point temperature in Port Elizabeth

2.1.5 The air temperature in Port Elizabeth

2.1.6 The type of low pressured at D

2.1.7 The atmospheric pressure reading at A

2.1.8 The isobaric pattern indicated by line C

(8 x 1) (8)

2.2 Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets to make the
geomorphological statements TRUE. Write only the word(s) next to the
question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example
2.2.8 Fingertip stream.

2.2.1 The renewal of erosion activity in a river is known as (rejuvenation /

abstraction).

2.2.2 (Base flow / Sheet flow) is the flow of groundwater in the same
direction as the river.

2.2.3 An area drained by a river system is known as a (drainage basin /

drainage pattern).

2.2.4 Elevated land that separates tributaries from the main stream is
called (interfluves / watersheds).

2.2.5 The (water table / zone of saturation) is the upper limit of water that
is found underground.

2.2.6 The lowest point to which a river can erode is called a (knickpoint /
permanent base level).

2.2.7 A (delta / confluence) is the intersection point of two rivers. (7 x 1) (7)

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2.3 Refer to FIGURE 2.3 which shows a mid-latitude cyclone.

2.3.1 Provide ONE point of evidence visible in FIGURE 2.3 which proves
that the mid-latitude cyclone shown is in the mature stage of
development. (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2 Which hemisphere is depicted in FIGURE 2.3? (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.3 Draw a transverse (cross) profile from E to F in FIGURE 2.3 and

indicate the following:

(a) An arrow indicating the direction of movement of the front

(b) Identify and illustrate the cloud formation at F

(c) The area of cold air

(d) The area of warm air (4 x 1) (4)

2.3.4 Discuss the likelihood (chance) that expected rainfall at location A in

FIGURE 2.3 will be a slight drizzle. (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.5 An outdoor music festival is planned at location D in FIGURE 2.3 in

the next 24 hours. Recommend the rescheduling of the event by
providing TWO climatological reasons as to how the music festival
could be negatively affected by the expected changes in weather.
(2 x 2) (4)

2.4 Refer to FIGURE 2.4, indicating winter conditions over South Africa.

2.4.1 Name the anticyclone labelled X. (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.2 Is the local wind at Y onshore or offshore? (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.3 Provide climatological evidence from FIGURE 2.4 which indicates

that winter conditions are represented on the sketch. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.4 Account for the position of the inversion layer as indicated in

FIGURE 2.4. (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the impact

that the position of the inversion layer and local wind Y, illustrated in
FIGURE 2.4, will have on the amount of rainfall that will be
experienced over the interior and the east coast of South Africa.
(4 x 2) (8)

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2.5 Refer to FIGURE 2.5 which shows the drainage density of two drainage
basins.

2.5.1 Define the term drainage density. (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.2 Does drainage basin A or drainage basin B reflect a higher drainage

density? (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.3 Provide evidence from FIGURE 2.5 to support your answer to

QUESTION 2.5.2 (2 x 1) (2)

2.5.4 Discuss how permeability can influence the drainage density as

shown in drainage basin A. (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.5 Determine the stream order of the main stream in drainage basin B.
(1 x 2) (2)

2.5.6 Explain the relationship between deforestation and permeability of

the underlying rock structure to the stream order identified in
drainage basin B. (2 x 2) (4)

2.6 Refer to FIGURE 2.6, an extract on the Vaal River Catchment Management
Agency.

2.6.1. Define the term catchment area. (1 x 1) (1)

2.6.2 Name ONE secondary economic activity mentioned in the article

that uses water from the Vaal River catchment area. (1 x 1) (1)

2.6.3 Discuss TWO impacts that water deterioration will have on the
agricultural activities in the region. (2 x 2) (4)

2.6.4 Suggest a reason why it is important to involve the community in the

management of the catchment areas. (1 x 2) (2)

2.6.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, recommend

sustainable measures that the farming community in the Vaal River
catchment region can implement to conserve water. (4 x 2) (8)
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SECTION B: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND SOUTH AFRICAN

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

QUESTION 3

3.1 Refer to FIGURE 3.1 depicting street patterns. Match the descriptions below
with street pattern A, B or C. Choose the answer and write only the letter A, B
or C next to the question numbers (3.1.1 to 3.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for
example 3.1.9 A.

3.1.1 The street pattern is very easy to plan, construct and extend.

3.1.2 All major roads lead to the central part of a city.

3.1.3 Used in the development of new suburbs and can alleviate traffic
congestion.

3.1.4 Many stop streets increase the possibility of accidents.

3.1.5 A hilly environment gives rise to this street pattern.

3.1.6 Few intersections occur in the street pattern.

3.1.7 The street pattern that creates more traffic congestion.

3.1.8 It is easy to get lost with this street pattern. (8 x 1) (8)

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3.2 Choose the term from COLUMN B that matches the description of different
types of industries in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A – H) next to the
question numbers (3.2.1 to 3.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.2.8 I.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
3.2.1 This industry is often in or near the A Raw material orientated
CBD. industry

3.2.2 Industries that process material that is B Light industry

bulky and heavy and the materials
influence its location. C Break of bulk industry

3.2.3 Large scale production which is D Heavy industry

generally sold to other industries and
not to the consumer. E Market orientated
industry
3.2.4 The industry is not tied to the market or
raw material. F Ubiquitous industry

3.2.5 An internet industry that can be placed G Distribution industry

at any location.
H Footloose industry
3.2.6 This industry occurs where the cargo is
distributed by smaller units of transport.

3.2.7 The industry produces goods close to

the consumer.

(7 x 1) (7)

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3.3 Refer to FIGURE 3.3, a pie-graph on reasons for rural-urban migration.

3.3.1 Define the term rural-urban migration. (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.2 Provide ONE physical push factor from the pie-chart that results
in rural-urban migration. (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.3 Calculate the variance (difference) between the TWO social factors
on the pie-chart that cause people to leave rural areas. (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.4 According to the diagram, 32% of rural-urban migration is caused by

other reasons than those depicted in the diagram. Explain TWO other
social factors in the rural areas which can lead to rural-urban
migration. (2 x 2) (4)

3.3.5 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, in which you explain

sustainable measures that the government can implement to prevent
depopulation due to poor social conditions in rural areas. (4 x 2) (8)

3.4 Study FIGURE 3.4, an informal settlement and an area of low cost housing.

3.4.1 Match A and B on FIGURE 3.4 to the TWO terms low cost housing
and informal settlement. (2 x 1) (2)

3.4.2 Refer to the building materials used in FIGURE 3.4 and differentiate
between settlements A and B. (2 x 1) (2)

3.4.3 Apart from formal building structures, name any TWO basic services
that people may find lacking at settlement A, evident in FIGURE 3.4.
(2 x 1) (2)

3.4.4 Why do many people still choose to remain in settlement A, despite

unfavourable conditions? (2 x 2) (4)

3.4.5 Recommend TWO strategies that the government of South Africa

could implement in settlement A to reduce the impact of the
unfavourable conditions you mentioned in QUESTION 3.4.3.
(2 x 2) (4)

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3.5 Study the article on food security and hydroponic farming in FIGURE 3.5.

3.5.1 Define the term food security. (1 x 1) (1)

3.5.2 Name TWO environmental factors from the article that had a negative
influence on traditional food production and food security
(2 x 1) (2)

3.5.3 Describe how the negative impact of the environmental factors on

food security resulted in the development of hydroponic farming.
(2 x 2) (4)

3.5.4 Refer to the article and mention TWO environmental advantages of

crops being grown in a fertilized solution with the hydroponic farming
method. (2 x 2) (4)

3.5.5 In your opinion hydroponic farming sustainable as an alternative for

traditional crop farming to ensure food security in a country such as
South Africa? Explain your answer. (1 + 2) (3)

3.6 Study the diagram and article on the Platinum SDI in FIGURE 3.6.

3.6.1 Explain the main aim of Spatial Development Initiatives. (1 x 2) (2)

3.6.2 In which province is the Platinum SDI situated? (1 x 1) (1)

3.6.3 State TWO major challenges that the government wanted to address
by locating the Platinum SDI in this region. (2 x 1) (2)

3.6.4 According to the article, was the Platinum SDI efficient? Substantiate
your answer by using the information found in FIGURE 3.6, relating to
the contribution to the GDP. (1 + 2) (3)

3.6.5 Study the indicators of the effectiveness index and explain in a

paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines why this contributed to the
re-evaluation of the Platinum Spatial Development Initiative.
(4 x 2) (8)

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QUESTION 4

4.1 Choose the term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A.
Write only the letter (A – H) next to the question numbers (4.1.1 to 4.1.7) in the
ANSWER BOOK, for example 4.1.8 I.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
4.1.1 The increase in the absolute number of A Urbanisation
people in urban areas
B Urban sprawl
4.1.2 The growing of the urban “built-up area”
C Urban growth
4.1.3 Movement of businesses outwards from
central areas D Urban depopulation

4.1.4 Increased percentage of people living in E Counter-urbanisation

urban areas
F Urban hierarchy
4.1.5 The unrestricted growth in urban areas
with little concern for urban planning G Urban expansion

4.1.6 The process where people move to the H Commercial

outskirts of cities decentralization

4.1.7 The ranking of urban areas according to

the degree of specialisation

(7 x 1) (7)

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4.2 Refer to FIGURE 4.2 that shows different types of farming. Match the descriptions
below with the type of farming A or B. Choose the answer and write only the letter A
or B next to the question numbers (4.2.1 to 4.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for
example 4.2.9 A.

4.2.1 These farms use more labour than machinery.

4.2.2 These farmers own a small piece of land and farm to make a small
profit.

4.2.3 Farmers use limited agrochemicals and fertilizers and supply the local
or surrounding markets.

4.2.4 These types of farms require sophisticated equipment and huge

storage space.

4.2.5 The type of farming that is usually characterised by intensive labour

and in most cases, animal traction.

4.2.6 These farmers produce crops to supply their province.

4.2.7 These farmers practise monoculture on a large piece of land.

4.2.8 Farming that involves in export of crops. (8 x 1) (8)

4.3 Study FIGURE 4.3, which shows the location of settlements.

4.3.1 Differentiate between the location of a wet point settlement and a dry
point settlement. (2 x 1) (2)

4.3.2 Is the settlement in FIGURE 4.3 a wet or dry point settlement? Give
TWO reasons for your answer. (1 + 4) (5)

4.3.3 State the pattern of the settlement illustrated in FIGURE 4.3. (1 x 1) (1)

4.3.4 Explain social advantages of this settlement pattern illustrated in

FIGURE 4.3. (2 x 2) (4)

4.3.5 The settlement shape illustrated in FIGURE 4.3 is linear. Give ONE
advantage of this shape regarding accessibility to the water source.
(1 x 2) (2)

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4.4 Study FIGURE 4.4, a graph on urban functions

4.4.1 Explain the difference between a low order function and a high order
function. (2 x 1) (2)

4.4.2 Name ONE example of a low order function and ONE example of a
high order function regarding education indicated in FIGURE 4.4.
(2 x 1) (2)

4.4.3 Explain the meaning of the label “population size of settlements”

found on the horizontal axis. (1 x 2) (2)

4.4.4 State the general trend between the “population size of the
settlements” and the “number of services provided”. (1 x 2) (2)

4.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, analyse the

relationship between the settlement size and the order of services
and discuss reasons for this relationship. (4 x 2) (8)

4.5 Study FIGURE 4.5 which depicts a graph illustrating the contribution of
different economic sectors to employment.

4.5.1 Define the concept primary sector. (1 x 1) (1)

4.5.2 (a) State the number of people employed by the mining sector in
2016 and 2018. (2 x 1) (2)

(b) Explain how mechanisation influenced the employment

opportunities in the mining sector from 2016 to 2018. (1 x 2) (2)

4.5.3 (a) Which tertiary sector provides the most employment

opportunities in South Africa? (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Explain the economic importance of this tertiary sector,

identified in QUESTION 4.5.3(a), with regards to foreign
income. (1 x 2) (2)

4.5.4 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, in which you

discuss factors that hinder the mining sector and the effect it has on
the tertiary sector identified in QUESTION 4.5.3(a). (4 x 2) (8)

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4.6 Study the case study in FIGURE 4.6 on the PWV industrial region.

4.6.1 The core industrial region of Gauteng is also referred to as the PWV-
region. For what does the abbreviation PWV stand? (1 x 1) (1)

4.6.2 State the relationship between load-shedding and the GDP growth.
(1 x 1) (1)

4.6.3 Apart from load-shedding, the reserve bank identifies factors that
impacted the GDP of the PWV region. List TWO of these factors.
(2 x 1) (2)

4.6.4 Explain how the fourth industrial revolution influences industries’

dependency on electricity supply in the PWV region. (2 x 2) (4)

4.6.5 Discuss how load-shedding impacts negatively on the multiplier effect

of the PWV economy and ISCOR / Mittal Steel (a large enterprise
found in the PWV region). (3 x 2) (6)
[75]

TOTAL: 225

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