My sites / 181C-LING1-1 / Final Exam Fall 2018 - Week 0
Summer 2018 - LING1-1 - DUNCAN
Started on Thursday, 13 September 2018, 9:35 PM PDT
State Finished
Completed on Thursday, 13 September 2018, 11:24 PM PDT
Time taken 1 hour 49 mins
Grade 45.00 out of 47.00 (96%)
Question 1
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
From the perspective of a descriptive linguist, the sentence “Who did you go out with?” is:
Select one:
a. ungrammatical because no native speaker would ever produce it.
b. grammatical, but meaningless.
c. ungrammatical because one should not end a sentence with a preposition.
d. grammatical because it follows consistent and systematic rules used by native speakers of English.
e. grammatical; since language is an instinct, any utterance made by any human in any language is, by
de nition, grammatical.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: grammatical because it follows consistent and systematic rules used by native
speakers of English.
Question 2
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following statements is NOT true about American Sign Language (ASL)?
Select one:
a. ASL shows morphological structure.
b. ASL shows duality of patterning.
c. The Critical Period Hypothesis applies to ASL.
d. The large majority of ASL signs are clearly iconic.
e. For native signers, ASL localized in the same brain centers that are specialized for spoken
language.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: The large majority of ASL signs are clearly iconic.
Question 3
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which one of the following signs of American Sign Language best shows the arbitrary relation between
form and meaning?
Select one:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is:
Question 4
Incorrect
0.00 points out of 1.00
It is fairly well-established that language processing for most people is located in the left hemisphere of the
brain. Which one of the following would give us the clearest way to identify the parts within the left
hemisphere that control speci c linguistic processes, e.g. syntax?
Select one:
a. study of the language de cits experienced by aphasics
b. observing that right side motor de cits often correlate with aphasia
c. attempting to tap rhythmically with one hand while shadowing another person’s speech (i.e.
repeating exactly what that person says as s/he speaks)
d. PET scans showing which part(s) of the brain are active as a subject produces sentences describing
scenes rapidly ashing on a screen
e. dichotic listening experiments
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: study of the language de cits experienced by aphasics
Question 5
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
When presented with the image below (as per the experiments conducted by Prof. Gazzaniga from the
lecture videos), what would a split-brain patient do? Select the most likely response in an experimental
setting.
Select one:
a. The patient will not say the word ‘lion’, but will draw a panda with his right hand.
b. The patient will say the word ‘panda’, but not the word ‘lion’.
c. The patient will say the phrase ‘lion panda’ instead of ‘panda lion’.
d. The patient will say the word ‘lion’, but will draw a panda with his left hand.
e. The patient won’t be able to read either word.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: The patient will say the word ‘lion’, but will draw a panda with his left hand.
Question 6
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following examples best illustrates Wernicke’s aphasia?
Select one:
a. Interviewer: Can you re-tell the story in this picture book? Mr. T: I looked carefully about what he
he looked around but he couldn’t really try it about there. At the same time, all these things, at least
one, two, three people. I clevered what how much that little thing she went right there. Which is ne.
b. Ms. K (describing a boat trip from Russia): The Lousiana…Lu…no…And I know it just like, uh…Lus…
The boat that sank, you know Interviewer: Oh, the Lusitania? Ms. K: Lusitania! Interviewer (expresses
surprise and asks): You came over on the Lusitania? What was the boat like? Ms. K: It was a pretty boat,
ship. Interviewer: Was it as big as they say? Ms. K: Yeah, well, I don’t think you get the full amount, uh,
justice, you know…no, not ‘justice’, but you don’t get the full idea.
c. Mr. D (attempting to repeat after the interviewer, who has said the phrase, “The shipwreck washed
up on the shore”): The shipwreck dressed upon the ocean.
d. Interviewer: Can you tell me about what happened to you and why I’m seeing you? Patient: I, uhh…
stroke…and uhh…I…[unclear phrase]…hot-tub, and uhh… Interviewer: You were in a hot tub? Patient:
Yeah…and uhh…two days…and uhh…hos- pital…and uhh…amb- …amblance Interviewer: Ambulance.
e. Mr. F (apparently fed up with doctors examining him): Now listen here. Irritate. Irritate. Irritate,
irritate, irritate, irritate, irritate! Questions, questions. Stupid doctors. No good, no good. Irritate,
irritate!
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Interviewer: Can you re-tell the story in this picture book? Mr. T: I looked carefully
about what he he looked around but he couldn’t really try it about there. At the same time, all these things,
at least one, two, three people. I clevered what how much that little thing she went right there. Which is
ne.
Question 7
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the examples from the previous question best illustrates Broca’s aphasia?
Select one:
a. Example a
b. Example b
c. Example c
d. Example d
e. Example e
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Example d
Question 8
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Consider the image below. What sound or sounds of English does this represent?
Select one:
a. [n] or [t]
b. [ŋ]
c. [g] or [k]
d. [θ] or [tʃ]
e. [a] or [e]
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: [g] or [k]
Question 9
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
What is the featural description of the second/ nal consonant in the word tooth?
NOTE: IF YOU DIDN'T OPEN THE "ENGLISH CONSTANTS AND VOWELS" PDF IN THE EARLIER
SCREEN, HERE IS THE LINK AGAIN. YOU SHOULD OPEN IT IN A SEPARATE WINDOW.
Select one:
a. voiceless alveolar stop
b. voiced interdental fricative
c. voiceless alveolar fricative
d. voiceless interdental fricative
e. voiceless interdental stop
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: voiceless interdental fricative
Question 10
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Consider the sounds [t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l], and [r]. What feature(s) do they have in common?
Select one:
a. place, manner
b. place
c. manner
d. voicing, manner
e. voicing, place
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: place
Question 11
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Consider the sounds [f], [θ], [s], [ʃ], and [h]. What feature(s) do they have in common?
Select one:
a. place, manner
b. place
c. voicing, place
d. voicing, manner
e. manner
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: voicing, manner
Question 12
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following is the correct transcription of the word please?
Select one:
a. [plez]
b. [ples]
c. [pliz]
d. [plis]
e. [plæs]
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: [pliz]
Question 13
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following is the correct transcription of the word laugh?
Select one:
a. [lahf]
b. [læf]
c. [laph]
d. [læph]
e. [laugh]
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: [læf]
Question 14
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
[sɪntæks] is a transcription of which of the following words?
Select one:
a. syntax
b. sentence
c. simplex
d. snakes
e. chillax
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: syntax
Question 15
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
[səlɛkt ðɪs aptʃən bikəz ɪt ɪz kərɛkt] is a transcription of which of the following sentences?
Select one:
a. Select these awesome bikes in the corner.
b. Saddle these awesome bikes in the collection.
c. Select this awesome bike in the collection.
d. Select this option because it is correct.
e. Select this optional bike, which is correct.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Select this option because it is correct.
Information
For questions 16-17, compare two dialects of English: so-called “Standard” North American English (SNAE)
and Scottish English. Consider the following data from a speaker of Scottish English and focus on the
liquids:
[alabama] ‘Alabama’
[lɛts] 'let’s’
[lʊik] ‘like’
[slaŋ] ‘slang’
[blʊtərd] ‘bluttered (extremely drunk)’
[læs] ‘lass (girl)’
[ʧanəw] ‘channel’
[ɛbəw] ‘able’
[ɛws] ‘else’
[məgəw] ‘muggle (person completely lacking in magical abilities-Harry Potter)’
[waɪwd] ‘wild’
[spɛw] ‘spell’
Question 16
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the statements below is/are correct?
Select one:
a. A word nal lateral liquid in SNAE corresponds to a labiovelar glide in Scottish English.
b. [l] in SNAE corresponds to a lateral liquid in Scottish English.
c. A labiovelar glide in Scottish English corresponds to a lateral liquid in SNAE.
d. A and C
e. B and C
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: A word nal lateral liquid in SNAE corresponds to a labiovelar glide in Scottish
English.
Question 17
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which below is/are correct?
Select one:
a. Non-word- nal lateral liquids in SNAE are deleted in Scottish English.
b. Word-initial lateral liquids in SNAE that immediately precede a consonant become [w] in Scottish
English.
c. A lateral liquid that immediately precedes a consonant in SNAE is a labiovelar glide in Scottish
English.
d. A lateral liquid that is adjacent to a consonant in SNAE is a labiovelar glide in Socttish English.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: A lateral liquid that immediately precedes a consonant in SNAE is a labiovelar glide
in Scottish English.
Question 18
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Select the tree structure that corresponds to the word decentralization:
Select one:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is:
Information
For questions 19–28, examine the following dataset for Kinyambo, spoken in Tanzania. Note that ‘sg.’
means ‘singular’.
nakajuna ‘I helped’
orakichumba ‘you (sg.) will cook it’
nitkakoma ‘we tied’
nitkakinaga ‘we lost it’
narajuna ‘I will help’
narakinaga ‘I will lose it’
orajuna ‘you (sg.) will help’
nitrajuna ‘we will help’
orasoma ‘you (sg.) will read’
Based on these data, what are the Kinyambo morphemes for the following items?
Question 19
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Select one:
a. na
b. nak
c. n
d. naka
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: na
Question 20
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
you (sg.)
Select one:
a. ora
b. o
c. oka
d. na
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: o
Question 21
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
we
Select one:
a. nit
b. ni
c. nitu
d. n
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: nit
Question 22
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
it
Select one:
a. ki
b. i
c. k
d. kin
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: ki
Question 23
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
future tense
Select one:
a. ra
b. ara
c. bara
d. a
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: ra
Question 24
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
past tense
Select one:
a. aka
b. ka
c. uka
d. aki
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: ka
Question 25
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
help
Select one:
a. ajuna
b. juna
c. una
d. na
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: juna
Question 26
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
tie
Select one:
a. akoma
b. ukoma
c. koma
d. oma
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: koma
Question 27
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
cook
Select one:
a. chumba
b. ichumba
c. uchumba
d. humba
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: chumba
Question 28
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
lose
Select one:
a. naga
b. aga
c. ga
d. nag
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: naga
Information
For questions 29-32, consider the syntactic structure of the following sentence:
She has been watching that guy with a telescope for an hour.
(Hint: Draw the tree (or trees) for the sentence.)
Question 29
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Is the sequence of words watching that guy with a telescope for an hour a constituent in this sentence?
Select one:
a. It is a constituent.
b. It may be a constituent, depending on what's meant by the sentence.
c. It is not a constituent.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: It is a constituent.
Question 30
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Is the sequence of words has been watching a constituent in this sentence?
Select one:
a. It is a constituent.
b. It may be a constituent, depending on what's meant by the sentence.
c. It is not a constituent.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: It is not a constituent.
Question 31
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Is the sequence of words that guy with a telescope a constituent in this sentence?
Select one:
a. It is a constituent.
b. It may be a constituent, depending on what's meant by the sentence.
c. It is not a constituent.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: It may be a constituent, depending on what's meant by the sentence.
Question 32
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Is the sequence of words she has been watching that guy a constituent in this sentence?
Select one:
a. It is a constituent.
b. It may be a constituent, depending on what's meant by the sentence.
c. It is not a constituent.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: It is not a constituent.
Information
For questions 33-34, consider the following sentence in Malayalam:
Naan oru tamaasa paray aan
I a joke say will
‘I will say a joke’
Question 33
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following phrase structure rules will account for the position of the auxiliary verb in a way
that preserves the principles we’ve developed in class?
Select one:
a. S → NP VP
b. VP → VP Aux
c. VP → VP Aux VP
d. S → VP NP
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: VP → VP Aux
Question 34
Incorrect
0.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following phrase structure rules will account for the position of the object NP in a way that
preserves the principles we’ve developed in class?
Select one:
a. NP → NP VP
b. NP → N V
c. VP → NP VP
d. VP → NP V
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: VP → NP V
Question 35
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following is evidence for Universal Grammar (UG)?
Select one:
a. All languages can form questions.
b. Many adult second-language learners nd it dif cult to acquire native uency.
c. Different languages have different word order.
d. Baby chaf nches will learn to sing their birdsong if exposed to other chaf nches
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: All languages can form questions.
Question 36
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
The “Poverty of the Stimulus” refers to the fact that:
Select one:
a. children acquire language even in the complete absence of linguistic input.
b. children do not make syntactic errors in language acquisition although adults make such errors.
c. the linguistic data a child is exposed to seem insuf cient for language acquisition.
d. language acquisition is effortless and unconscious before puberty
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: the linguistic data a child is exposed to seem insuf cient for language acquisition.
Question 37
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Consider the following utterances from children acquiring English:
I can’t nd it! I’ve looked every single where!
I only have a CRUMB of blanket! (= I only have a small piece of the blanket)
Turn it up some louder.
Examples like these:
Select one:
a. provide clear evidence that children acquire language by imitation.
b. show that children must be responding to the rich amounts of negative input from the
environment.
c. demonstrate children’s ability to form complex wh-questions.
d. show that children produce utterances in creative ways that do not mirror input they receive from
adults.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: show that children produce utterances in creative ways that do not mirror input
they receive from adults.
Question 38
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Why do we think that Universal Grammar plays a central role in rst language acquisition?
Select one:
a. The Poverty of the Stimulus
b. The rapidity of acquisition by children and the depth of grammatical knowledge they attain
c. Similar stages of acquisition for both spoken and signed languages
d. A and B
e. A and C
f. All of the above
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: All of the above
Question 39
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following is true about pidgins?
Select one:
a. a pidgin is a second (or third, or fourth…) language for everyone who speaks it
b. pidgins commonly have complex in ectional morphology
c. examples of pidgins include Hawaiian Pidgin English and Nigerian Pidgin English
d. pidgins are not useful in terms of understanding language evolution and emergence
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: a pidgin is a second (or third, or fourth…) language for everyone who speaks it
Question 40
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Which of the following is true about creoles?
Select one:
a. creoles do not have native speakers
b. in terms of classi cation, creoles are broken forms of lexi er languages like English or Portuguese
c. in terms of classi cation, creoles are fully languages like any other language
d. creoles never possess complex in ectional morphology
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: in terms of classi cation, creoles are fully languages like any other language
Question 41
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Consider the sentence below, which is commonly used by speakers of Nigerian Pidgin English:
Wetin be your name, sir? (Meaning: ‘What’s your name?’)
What would a descriptive grammarian say with regard to the “correctness” of the sentence?
Select one:
a. It is correct because native speakers of Nigerian Pidgin English actually say it.
b. It is correct because native speakers of Nigerian Pidgin English can understand it.
c. It is unacceptable because Standard English speakers do not say sentences like this.
d. It is unacceptable because this is not the grammar of Standard English.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: It is correct because native speakers of Nigerian Pidgin English actually say it.
Question 42
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Birdsong.....
Select one:
a. exhibits Duality of Patterning because its subunits can be recombined to form new songs.
b. can only be acquired partially acquired by humans. People can learn to understand but not
produce birdsong.
c. is subject to a critical period in many species. If it is not acquired then, a bird cannot learn its
species song.
d. is unlike human language because it is in fact taught by parents to chicks and there is negative
evidence.
e. A and B
f. C and D
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: is subject to a critical period in many species. If it is not acquired then, a bird cannot
learn its species song.
Question 43
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
Based on the evidence discussed in class, what can we say overall about animal communication systems?
Select one:
a. These systems may exhibit some properties of human language, but never all of them and typically
only rudiments of these properties.
b. These systems are remarkably similar to human languages. This is why at least higher primates can
be taught ASL.
c. Completely unlike human language, animal communication systems are innate. Learning and
environment play no role.
d. Like human language, animal communication systems require input from other members of the
species. That is, these systems require input from the environment.
e. Unlike human language, animal communication systems exhibit prevarication and displacement.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: These systems may exhibit some properties of human language, but never all of
them and typically only rudiments of these properties.
Question 44
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
What makes human language different from other systems of communication?
Select one:
a. Duality of patterning and generative rules that allow in nite production from nite resources.
b. The capacity to facilitate cognitive tasks.
c. The capacity to foster and sustain social interaction.
d. The capacity to transmit information.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Duality of patterning and generative rules that allow in nite production from nite
resources.
Question 45
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
According to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis,
Select one:
a. thinking is essentially inner speech.
b. only linguistic categories heard in the critical period can be acquired by children.
c. language in uences how speakers perceive the world around them.
d. languages may differ in fundamental categories like tense and in ection.
e. thought is fundamentally similar to language because there are grammatical and ungrammatical
concepts.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: language in uences how speakers perceive the world around them.
Question 46
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
What have we learned about the relationship between language and perception from color-naming
experiments like those done with the Dani people?
Select one:
a. There is no strong relationship. Your language does not determine your perceptions.
b. Language has a deep in uence on how we perceive the world. People divide the spectrum along
the lines provided by their lexicons.
c. Language may have some relationship to our perceptions, but it mainly affects lateralization.
Experiments with right lateralized languages show this.
d. Studies show that our native language may affect our ability to perceive brightness, but not color.
e. Little. These were poorly designed experiments which showed that the researcher’s bias made the
results uninterpretable.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: There is no strong relationship. Your language does not determine your perceptions.
Question 47
Correct
1.00 points out of 1.00
According to the video lectures, what makes words obscene?
Select one:
a. Obscene words are simply inherently offensive. Therefore, a word retains its obscene connotation
over time.
b. Social conventions. Therefore, what counts as an obscene word in a language can change over
time.
c. Lack of education. Only uneducated people use obscene language.
d. The fact that language and thought are causally related.
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Social conventions. Therefore, what counts as an obscene word in a language can
change over time.
