COMFORT, REST, SLEEP & PAIN
UNIT-9 (15hr+15hr)
Comfort Pain (Discomfort)
Comfort devices Physiology
Factors Influencing Comfort Common cause of pain
Types of beds including Types
latest beds, purposes & bed Assessment – pain scales and narcotic
making scales
Therapeutic positions Pharmacological and Non-
pharmacological pain-relieving measures
Sleep and Rest – Use of narcotics, TENS devices, PCA
Physiology of sleep Invasive techniques of pain management
Factors affecting sleep Any other newer measures
Promoting Rest and sleep CAM (Complementary & Alternative
Sleep Disorders healing Modalities)
COMFORT DEVICES
COMFORT DEVICES - Definition
• Comfort - The absence of irritating
stimuli t h a t distract one's a t t e n t i o n f ro m
the task at hand.
• Comfort devices - are t h e mechanical
devices planned t o provide optimal
comfort t o an individual.
Purposes of Comfort Devices
• To provide maximum comfort and relaxation.
• To aid in normal body function.
• To prevent contractures and neuromuscular deformities and complications.
• To conserve maximum possible energy by preventing unnecessary strain.
• To relieve pressure on parts of body.
• To prevent falls and accidents.
• To immobilize a body part.
List of comfort devices…
1. PILLOWS 6. TR APEZ E BAR
2. BACK REST 7. FOOTBOARD
3. BED CRADLE 8. TROC H ANTE R ROLLS
4. CARDIAC TABLE 9. SANDBAGS
5. MAT TR ESSES 10. SIDE R AILS
List of comfort devices…
[Link]/ABDUCTOR 14. AIR CUSHION
PILLOW
[Link] REST 15. RUBBER & COTTON
RINGS
13. BED BLOCKS
16. HAND ROLLS
FACTORS PROMOTING AND INHIBITING COMFORT
FACTORS PROMOTING FACTORS INHIBITING
1. Normal temperature Too high or too low temperature
2. Normal humidity Dry or too humid environment
3. Safe, clean, quite and comfortable Unsafe, unpleasant and stressful
environment environment
4. Comfortable positions Uncomfortable position
5. Neat and clean bed and linen Dirty and soiled bed linen
6. Good ventilation Poor ventilation
7. Normal lighting Glaring or too dim lighting
8. Pleasant odours Unpleasant odours
9. No fear Fear
10. No stress and worry Stress and worry
PILLOWS
PILLOWS
PURPOSES:
Used for suppo r t t o m aintain correct
body alignment.
Used under head, arms, legs & along
spine or abdomen t o provide comfort.
BACK REST
Support patient’s back a t an angle, so tha t he
may maintain a sit t i n g position.
Can be adjusted t o desired angle.
Extra pillows are needed.
Arms of patient are well supported.
Used for p a t i e n t s suffe ring with cardiac &
pulmonary distress.
BACK REST
BACK REST
PURPOSES:
i. To relieve dyspnoea.
ii. To promot e drainage from abdominal
cavity.
iii. To provide a comfortable change of
position.
BED CRADLE
• I t is a frame used t o hold t h e bed linen
from touching t h e p a t i e n t .
• Cradle is a semicircular / rectangular frame
of metal.
• May be made of wood or bamboo.
BED CRADLE
BED CRADLE
PURPOSES:
• To preven t pressure from t h e weight of
linen.
• To allow air t o circulat e around lower limbs.
CARDIAC TABLE
• Bed table placed in front with a pillow on i t ,
patient can lean forward & take rest.
• Table without pillow is used for writing &
meals.
• Used for patients with cardiac conditions
& asthma.
• Position should be changed t o relieve fatigue.
CARDIAC TABLE
PURPOSES:
• Patient can rest over t h e table with t h e help
of pillow.
• Helps t o take meals & in writing.
MATTRESSES
PURPOSES:
• To provide comfort.
• Used for very thin and very obese patients
and t h o se who are prone to pressure
sores.
MATTRESSES
Mainly two types:
1. Air mattress
2. Water mattress
Air mattress Water mattress
TRAPEZE BAR
• Bar is suspended f rom an overhead frame
t o head of bed.
PURPOSES:
• Patient can grasp t h e bar t o raise t h e
trunk off t h e bed surface or t o move up in
bed.
TRAPEZE BAR
FOOTBOARD
• Device t h a t is placed towards t h e f o o t of p a t i e n t s
bed t o serve as support for his f e e t .
• Usually made up of wood/plastic/hea vy canvas.
PURPOSES:
• To support patients feet.
• To prevent f o o t drop.
FOOTBOARD
TROCHANTER ROLLS
• A cot t o n bath blank e t / s h e e t is folded
lengthwise t o width extending from greater
trochanter of femur t o lower border of
popliteal space.
PURPOSES:
• Preve n t e x ternal ro t a t ion of legs when patient
is in supine position.
TROCHANTER ROLLS
SANDBAGS
• They are sand f illed plastic bags th a t can be
shaped t o body contours.
• Can be used in place of or in addition to
trochanter rolls.
PURPOSES:
• Provide support & shape t o body.
• Immobilize ext re m i t ies & maintain specific body
alignment.
SANDBAGS
SIDE RAILS
• Side rails are t h e bars positioned along the
sides of t h e length of t h e bed.
PURPOSES:
• Ensure patient’s sa f e t y & are useful for
increasing mobility.
• Provide assistance in rolling from side t o side
or sitting up in bed.
SIDE RAILS
WEDGE/ABDUCTOR PILLOW
• I t is a tr iangular shaped pillow made of heavy
foam.
PURPOSES:
• Used t o maintain legs in abduction following
Tota l Hip Replaceme n t Surgery.
WEDGE/ABDUCTOR PILLOW
KNEE REST
• This is a device placed under t h e knees to
provide comfort .
PURPOSES:
• This gives relaxation and t h u s relieves pain
on tendons beneath t h e knees.
KNEE REST
BED BLOCKS
• Made up of wood or metal.
PURPOSES:
• These are used t o raise t h e f o o t end
or head end of t h e bed.
BED BLOCKS
AIR CUSHION
• Air cushions are made up of rubber and i t
can be inflated with air.
PURPOSES:
• Used t o take off t h e weight of t h e body
and t o relieve pressure on certain parts
of t h e body.
AIR CUSHION
RUBBER & COTTON RINGS
• These are circular rings
made of rubber or cotton.
PURPOSES:
• These are used t o relieve pressure on
certain parts of t h e body like elbow and
heels.
RUBBER RING COTTON RING
HAND ROLLS
• Made by folding a washcloth in half,
rolling in leng thwise & securing roll with
tape.
• Roll is placed again s t palmar surface of
hand.
HAND ROLLS
HAND ROLLS
Purposes:
• Maintain t h u m b in slightly adducted & in
opposition t o fingers.
• Maintain fingers in slightly flexed position.
SPINTS & BRACES
Indications Goals
• Congenital • promot/allow tissue healing
• Trauma • prevent contractures
• Overuse injury • improve range of motion
• Post/pre surgical • correct deformities
• Disease • strengthen muscles
• reduce tone
• reduce pain
• restrict motion
