DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPOSITE BRIQUETTING MACHINE

FELIX ANDRIE M. NIEVERAS

DYLAN VINCE A. NARCEDA

JOHN LLOYD A. NUESCA

JAN CARLO N. PASCUA

KIER JAN P. TUMABCAO

DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

MID LA UNION CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2024-2025
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled, Design And Development Of A Composite Briquetting Machine

prepared and submitted by Felix Andrei M. Niieveras, Dylan A. Narceda, John Lloyd

A. Nuesca, Jan Carlo N. Pascua, Kier Jan P. Tumabcao, in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering was

examined and passed on June 2024 by the Oral Examination Committee (OrEC)

composed of:

MELCHOR A. MEANA, PME OLIVE B. BARBA, RMEE

Chair Adviser

BONIFACIO C. CABRADILLA JR., MME PABLO M. MEDRIANO JR., MAME

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree,

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering.

MELCHOR A. MEANA, PME

Program Chair, BSME Department

Date Signed

LORENZO L. BACANI, Ph. D.

Dean, College of Engineering

Date Signed
 ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The progress and accomplishment of this research work took the time, assistance,

guidance, support, instruction, and inspiration of these wonderful persons without whom

this development would not have been come to life.

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt appreciation and sincere

gratification to those who have been involved in the realization of this study.

To Engr. Olive B. Barba, their adviser in Project Study Adviser, for her selfless

assistance, intellectual guidance, and direction throughout the development and

completion of this study.

To Engr. Pablo M. Medriano Jr., their subject instructor in Project Study for his guidance

in enhancing the study’s concepts, and production.

To Engr. Melchor A. Meana, as the respective chairperson, for his suggestions, unending

support and encouragement.

To Engr. Bonifacio C. Cabradilla Jr., for his unwavering support and guidance for the

improvement of the study

To Engr. Wendell P. Cabanes. for his constructive consultation and advices on the

improvement of the study.

Apart from the thesis committee, the researchers would like to express their

gratitude to their friends for engaging in discussions, collaboration to achieve deadlines,

assisting on the study, and providing endless support on the obstacles encountered during

the study.

iii

To the family, for the support both mentally and financially, the researcher wasn’t

able to create the project without the financial help given by the parents of the researcher.

More over the patience, love, and understanding during those times that the researchers

struggled to conduct the study.

To the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid La Union Campus,

College of Engineering for nourishing the intellect of the researchers.

And above all to Almighty God, the Greatest Author, for His spiritual help

without which this work would not have been conceivable.

The researchers fully appreciate all the efforts that have been imparted and given

to all of them.

SLCF

JHA

TSL

JFOM

JNO
 iv

DEDICATION

This work is whole-heartedly dedicated to:

Our beloved parents, brothers, sisters, and relatives.
Whose love, assurance and inspiration have given us all the
stimulation we needed for the efficacious conclusions of this study.

And Ourselves who did not Father and Dared to explore new things to
contribute to the Betterment of the Scoiety we Love.

To them, we share the joys and happiness of a fulfilled dream.

SLCF
JHA
TSL
JFOM
JNO
 v
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
DEDICATION v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF PLATES x

ABSTRACT xi
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION
Situation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Statement of the Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Time and Place of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2. METHODOLOGY
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Materials and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Data Gathered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

vi
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Designs of the DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

 Main Components of the DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Construction of the DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Testing of the DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Evaluation of the Performance of DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
LITERATURE CITED 39

APPENDICES
A. COE Form 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

B. COE Form 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

C. REC Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

D. Computation for Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

E. Computation for Milk Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

F. Conceptual Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

G. Construction and Testing of DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

CURRICULUM VITAE 55

vii
 Page
LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO.

1 List of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2 Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3 Data Gathered Measurements of Halves Coconut Grated (A&B) 31

4 Data Gathered After Grating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

5 Data Gathered After Extracting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6 Computed Efficiency for Both Grating and Extracting . . . . . . . . . . 34

viii
 Page
LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE
NO.
1 Procedure Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2 Isometric View of DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3 Orthographic View of DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 25

4 Exploded View of DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

ix
 Page

LIST OF PLATES

PLATE NO.

1 Construction of DPCMGAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

2 Placing of Motor and Hydraulic Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3 Pre-Testing of Grater and Clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

4 Pre-Testing of Hydraulic Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

5 Revisions of Machines Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

6 Testing of the Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

x
 ABSTRACT

FUSILERO, SHINE LYNWEA C., ALICNA, JERICO H., LOZANO, TRISHA S.,
MEDINA, JESSICA FAYNE O., OBEJO, JOMARI N., (2024). Dual Purpose
Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor. Bachelor of Science in Mechanical
Engineering, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid-La Union Campus,
College of Engineering, City of San Fernando, La Union.
Adviser: Tattao, Luis A., MAAS
This research introduces a newly designed, constructed, and evaluated two-in-one

device: a clamp-adding, dual-purpose coconut meat grater and milk extractor. Three main

parts comprise this designed coconut meat grater and milk extractor: an electric

motorpowered coconut meat grater, an electric hydraulic press, and a clamp. The coconut

to be shredded in the coconut grater driven by an electric motor is held in place by the

clamp. Subsequently its passage through the catch basin and into the milk extraction

section, the grated coconut meat will be extracted using an electric hydraulic press

component. Pretesting and post-testing were made to assess the functionality of the

machine. The grating and extracting efficiency of the machine are 84.48 % and 84.79 %

respectively. The results will lessen the risk of possible injuries and enhance the safety of

the operator, and provides lesser contaminations for both owner and consumers.

Keywords: coconut, grating, extract

xi
CHAPTER 1
 1

Introduction

Situation Analysis

Over the years, machine advances have been invented and lately embraced by

industries. Devices that speed up and improve the productivity of processes. Other

operators and users continue to follow the traditional method since they are familiar with

it, and it could work better for them. Additionally, even with more simple and readily

apparent ways and procedures, the same previously procedures remain being developed

today. a quicker and more pertinent procedure.

Furthermore, the creation of one device prioritizes improvement over the removal

of an antiquated way, providing a more appropriate procedure and future safety and

management. Specifically for food productions that understand how important it is to

maintain a hygienic production process. As an agricultural industry that produces crops

for human consumption, its primary goal is to supply food.

Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating land, producing crops, and tending

livestock. It involves preparing plant and animal items for human consumption and

distributing them to marketplaces. Additionally, the term that best describes the multitude

of ways that domestic animals and crop plants support the world's human population by

producing food and other goods.

Philippines’, one main economic sector is the agricultural industry, it gives a vital

role to the development and sustainability of a country and its economy. In the
 2

Philippines, agriculture is a life-sustaining industry that ensures food security and

produces necessary food crops. Imports and reliance on different countries are eliminated

by stable agriculture. Along with supporting international commerce, large enterprises

use it as a source of raw materials and employment opportunities.[1]

According to PCAARD’s Industry Strategic Science and technology plans, the

Philippines coconut industry is a significant agricultural, has 2.5 million farmers

employed and 69 regions growing coconuts. With more than 347 million fruit trees, the

nation produced 14.7 million metric tons of fruit in 2018. With about 40% of the world's

coconut production, the Philippines is the second-biggest producer in ASEAN. Among

the top producers are Northern Mindanao, Davao, Zamboanga Peninsula, and

CALABARZON. [2]

Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) palm originates from the Arecaceae or Palmae

family and is monocotyledon. A coconut can be processed into coconut water, coconut

milk, coconut sugar, coconut oil, and coconut meat. Coconut is made up of an inner hard

protective endocarp, or the shell, and an exterior fiber covering, or husk also called as

exocarp, endocrine tissue, or endosperm, is a white, albuminous portion of the coconut,

and coconut water fills the interior cavity. [3]

One of the most significant crops in the Philippines is the coconut, commonly

referred to as the “tree of life.” Relative to bananas, corn, and rice, it accounts for 3.6% of

the nation’s gross value added (GVA) in agriculture and is regarded as a key export. In

fact, the nation continues to rank among the top producers and exporters of coconuts

globally.[4]
 3

Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA), which says that 3.517 million hectares, or

around 26% of all agricultural land, are planted with coconut trees, yielding 14.902

billion nuts yearly, classifies sixty-eight of the country's eighty-one provinces as coconut

regions. The unexpectedly huge importance of coconuts is attested to by the 25 million

Filipinos working in different coconut-based companies throughout the country, as well

as by the more than 3 million coconut growers and workers.[5]

One of the most adaptable foods, coconut meat is the flavorful creamy white flesh

within a coconut. It has a high nutrient content and may be eaten either fresh or dry. Rich

in phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, coconut meat is thought to have health

benefits for a variety of health issues. It can be eaten raw, dried, grated, or as a base for

other coconut-derived products like coconut milk and coconut oil. Rich in healthy

saturated fats, mostly in the form of medium- chain triglycerides (MCTs), coconut meat

can be enjoyed in a variety of ways. MCTs are recognized to be faster to produce energy

from and easier for the body to consume.[6]

Extracted from fully grown coconuts, coconut milk is a translucent creamy liquid

that contains instantly digestible medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) fatty acids. Lauric

acid, another lipid found in it, stimulates the immune system and preserves blood vessel

flexibility by inducing apoptosis in breast and endometrial cancer cells. Since coconut

milk is high in antioxidants and vitamin E, it helps prevent allergic reactions and slows

down the aging process. It is used in confections, bakeries, biscuits, and ice creams all

over the world. [7]

 4

Coconut is a staple in the food business, used in both commercial and domestic

settings. Coconut scraping requires a lot of work. Manually completing this is labor-

intensive and not particularly efficient. [8]

Additionally, there are two ways to make each component of coconut flesh: either

manually at home by shredding the coconut meat on a bench type grating gear or a

standard hand coconut grater. On the other hand, it can be requested that a market stall

owner create the shredded coconut and extracted milk, or simply purchase freshly grated

coconut meat and coconut milk from the market.

Also, the current coconut graters and extractors are divided from one another, and

the extraction method involves compression, which is ineffective in removing the milk

from the meat due to certain machine operating and comprehension issues.

The manual process of separating the coconut meat is a laborious one that

involves a significant risk of hand damage for the operator. One study addresses the

immediate risk involved in breaking off and extracting coconut meat from the endocarp.

Reducing the need for human labor for scraping and cracking was another justification for

the action. However, to solve the problems of scraping and breaking coconuts, equipment

for domestic and commercial use has been developed. On the other hand, scraping and

cracking functions combined into one machine are not frequent. In line with the design,

the machine component that makes it easier to shred the coconut endosperm is called the

scraper unit. A total of three scraper rotors with serrated blades were made for evaluation

purposes. There were two, three, or four blades on each rotor, depending on

the variation. [9]

 5

Likewise, removing the coconut meat is an intensive task that is dangerous due to

the hard, slippery shell that demands a lot of muscle power to force it open. Using a

13050 RPM wall cutter, this project's coconut is sliced through like soft butter by a knife.

Of evidently, such a gadget is hazardous, and safety measures must be put in place

around it to protect the operator.[10]

Added to that, the procedure of scraping coconuts implies quite an amount of time

and work. Designed to shred food, a scraper is a food tool featuring sharp holes. Cheese

and vegetable graters are large, whereas citrus fruit graters are fine. A few minutes are all

it takes to shred coconut thanks to an inventive coconut grater that enhances convenience

and safety.[11]

To scrape out the coconut flesh manually, the operator must rotate and apply

pressure. The commercially available coconut scraping machines still require manual

labor and are not entirely automated. Holding the coconut half-shell against a rotating

blade—typically driven by an electric motor—is a necessary part of the semi-automated

procedure. The operator is subjected to varying risks of injury with the two methods.[11]

Coconut milk can also be created at home by manually pressing grated meat.

However, since producing coconut milk calls for a lot of machinery and hot water, which

both take a significant amount of energy, it could be extremely energy-demanding,

particularly when done on a commercial basis. However, the precise energy needs

differed from factory to factory, with the majority utilizing environmentally benign

methods like turning waste coconut husk and shell into biomass that can be used to

generate energy. This will enable the entire process to obey the principle of
 6

sustainability.[5]
Owing to its plentiful availability in the market, coconut is regarded as one of the

principal crops in numerous Philippine regions. To extract and make cream or oil, the

coconut meat must be grated. The screw-type pressers of extractors cost 450 dollars

excluding delivery and taxes, however commercial extractors that use the compression

principle are too expensive, with unit pricing of roughly $1000 excluding these costs. It

might be inferred that a single commercial extractor unit costs between 20,000 and

70,000 pesos. Due to the expensive cost of commercial extractors, consumers may be

forced to return to manual methods, which require more time and effort to extract;

occasionally, the quality or cleanliness of the final product is the primary concern.[12]

Over the years, many grater kinds and designs have been utilized for shredding

coconuts. According to Raj (2016), they are rotatory graters, hand graters, industrial

graters, and traditional graters. The method of pressing or squeezing the shredded coconut

to extract the milk is called pressing and de-watering. Squeezing the hand into a muslin

towel is the traditional method expelling coconut milk.

In the process of producing cooking oil, or even just the natural milk from the

grated coconut, the pressing mechanism is a vital and essential step. When pressing

grated coconut, the pressure used determines the quantity of milk is produced. More milk

is produced with increased pressure. Some of the commercial mechanical pressing tools

on the market are inefficient because they require a lot of steps to complete each work

cycle. The objective of one study is to create and produce a power screw squeezer for

gathering coconut milk. The cylinder's power screw creates a compressive force that

pushes and presses the grated coconut until it reaches the end, allowing the coconut milk
 7

and dregs to exit at the same time. The screw press was designed with a square profile

and a straight shaft configuration. [13]

Beyond that, the important parameters for the efficient and ergonomic design of

the fiber extraction machine and processing equipment, such as the coconut chip slicing

and grating machines, are the textural qualities of the coconut meat, such as punching

force, cutting force, punching energy, and cutting energy.[14]

The construction of the machine prototype takes into account the availability of

materials and fabrication utilities. The prototype's final performance and testing,

including how much coconut milk can be extracted and the efficiency of the prototype is

measured. In order to compete with other current appliances on the market, the design is

intended to be able to extract a suitable volume of coconut milk and function as a

userfriendly kitchen gadget. [15]

While in the manual method, the operator must scrape the meat portion of the

coconut by rotating and exerting physical force. The operator of the semi-automated

method, on the other hand, must hold the coconut half shell up against a rotating blade,

which is often powered by an electric motor. [16]

Small sectors, especially home sectors, still primarily depend on the use of

machines with manual technology. A repetitive task that involves the use of hands is the

process of squeezing grated coconut. Users report hand, body, and neck musculoskeletal

complaints. A comfortable squeezer that doesn't lead to musculoskeletal problems is the

goal of the design of the grated coconut squeezer. [17]

 8

Coconut manufactures in the Philippines continues to use the conventional

techniques of coconuts processing, such as sun and smoke-drying. Employing cuttingedge

design, engineering, and technology to process coconuts and create high-value,

exportable coconut products, this research seeks to raise the caliber of the goods produced

by the Philippine coconut manufacturing sectors. Engineers require design principles

because their creations—such as machines, structures, and products—are made for the

benefit of humankind. Design provides innovative responses to concerns that have

previously been handled in a different way, as well as applicable structures for problems

that have never been solved before.[18]

Coconut milk is usually extracted from the kernel in two processes with two

different pieces of equipment. The coconut meat is first divided into smaller pieces using

a grater. After that, an extraction machine is used to separate the meat and milk from the

grated meat. This makes the process a little time-consuming and tedious. This study

develops a suitable device with an easy-to-use mechanism and simple design to

efficiently grate the coconut meat and extract the milk in an accessible procedure.

Moreover, over the years various methods for extracting coconuts, but they need a

lot of steps including grating, shredding, and squeezing. The traditional procedure, which

calls for numerous instruments like a knife, grater, and containers, is seen to be time- and

energy-consuming. The sharp blades of these tools, particularly the grater and knife, can

cause harm to users. The traditional approach previously described necessitates much

manual labor. Because bacteria from hands can contaminate milk, hygiene is also a major

concern. It will be difficult to preserve the milk for an extended length of time due to the

bacteria’s impact on its quality. Although wearing gloves is an option, doing so is

 9

difficult and not very practical. To address the challenges experienced by consumers and

company owners regarding the quickest and most effective method of extracting fresh

coconut milk, this study was carried out. It is intended that the community would gain

from the findings so they may have a quick, simple, and reliable way of extracting

coconut milk from their own houses or workplace.

In terms of, machine's design process takes into consideration a number of factors,

including cost, availability, high milk yield, and efficient extraction. Its worm shaft

ensures the best possible transportation of coconut meat, and its robust frame is utilized.

The selection of stainless materials takes into account features including

toughness, corrosion resistance, and abrasion resistance. [19]

One of the recent study objectives was to design and build a prototype of a

Coconut Grater- Milk Extractor Machine that combined those two existing machines to

produce coconut milk. In the present time in the market, two separate machines are used

to produce coconut milk: a coconut grater machineto obtain grated pieces of coconut milk

and a coconut extracting machine to produce coconut milk. [18]

Recent publications on the indicated coconut scraping machine design make

grating coconuts simple, safe, and rapid. By saving time and enhancing people's safety,

the design may benefit society more broadly. Tinkercad, an online 3D design tool, is used

to create the product. [20]

Two innovations were created from a research study on the extraction of coconut

meat. In this study it involves the use of a wall cutter with a wood-cutting blade to ground

the coconut. However, fine particles will be released into the air and land in people’s
 10

eyes. Consequently, it is necessary to construct a workbench that is low enough so that

dust does not enter the eye. Because cutting a coconut with a grater blade that spins at

13,050 RPM is extremely risky, the coconut needs to be held in place. First, a vice big

enough to hold an ordinary coconut was obtained. A tiny work bench was then

constructed to secure the vice. Since this workstation had to be mobile, wheels were

soldered to the workbench's base. [10]

Furthermore, another study says the new method almost completely removes any

risks associated with scrapping coconuts. Two axes of movement are possible with the

system’s automatically adjusting blade, which varies based on centrifugal force. A

clamping mechanism is used to hold the coconut shell while it goes forward and

backward. It only takes five seconds or less to mount the coconut shell in the clamp. The

coconut is automatically scraped after mounting with a single button press. The design

incorporates safety elements to prevent mishaps. Without the need for human assistance,

95% to 98% of coconut milk can be readily extracted, making it feasible to obtain it

rapidly. [21]

An apparatus for extracting fresh coconut milk is a coconut milk extractor. These

days, it serves as a substitute for the traditional extraction process. In terms of processing

time, hygienic practices, safety, and processing method requirements, this kind of method

is more dependable.[22], The pressing method used to extract coconut milk, which is

necessary for the production of cooking oil, yields more milk under higher pressure.[23]

An additional tool for extracting milk is the hydraulic press. Liquids' mechanical

characteristics and uses are studied in the field of hydraulics. Pressurized liquids are
 11

utilized in hydraulics' fluid power applications to create, regulate, and transmit power.

The foundation of all hydraulic systems is Pascal's law, which asserts that pressure placed

anywhere on a contained liquid is transmitted undiminished, in all directions, to the

interior of the container. Large forces may be produced with very little effort according to

this concept.[24]

Given the innovative expansion of today, operating a fully automated equipment

involves risk-taking and effort on the part of the operator. Two directions of movement

are possible thanks to a blade that the system can change. A clamping mechanism that

moves in three directions allows for movement in three dimensions. The clamp is made to

mount the half-shell of a coconut in fifteen seconds or less. A start button will be

pressed to initiate the fully autonomous coconut scraping procedure after mounting.[25]

In addition, the inventive addition of a clamping mechanism, which also promotes

safety and guards against potential injuries, particularly to the hands, to the

developmental design study for scraping coconut meat was interesting to note. The

coconut clamp was made to accommodate dehusked, half-shell coconuts of different

shapes and sizes. Three clamp arms, spaced 120 degrees apart, make up the design. The

design incorporates a clamp-tightening rod to hold the coconut firmly in place and

prevent any movement during scraping. A lead screw connected to the stepper motor is

used to move the clamp linearly with the help of a second stepper motor. When the clamp

and scraping blade mechanisms are in alignment, scraping can be controlled by an

appropriate control system.

 12

Coconut meat and milk are both primary components in food production, even if

just in homes and bakeries. In which cleanliness and proper sanitation are two of the most

important things to consider when handling the process of grating coconut meat and

extracting coconut milk. However, one thing that was noticed at the various markets was

how unsafe the coconut grating process and how un-hygienic coconut milk extraction

process can be, in which could likely cause contamination.

On top of that, traditional process of grating coconut meat and milk extract has

been further expanded as a result of diverse studies; some of this was automated,

mechanized, and or rather further developed, with a desire to develop and safety and

cleanliness being met.

Traditional methods of grating and extracting coconut flesh are known to include

separate machines, which may introduce contamination when the ground coconut meat is

transferred into the equipment used to extract the grated coconut meat. The amount of

labor required for the procedure is another factor considered in the traditional method

since the grater blade is sharp and may cause unnecessary mishaps.

Thus, the development of a coconut meat grater and coconut meat extractor ought

to lessen the risk of hand and shoulder injuries while also enhancing the safety of the

owner or the operator in charge of handling the removal of the flesh from its shell. Given

that both coconut flesh and milk are often used in food production, a simpler development

that is fitted for a suitable procedure with a lower probability of contamination occurred

during the extraction process of coconut milk. An invention that offers a development

designed to promote an efficient response to previous designs for owners and customers.
 13

With fabrication, the goal of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor's developing design is to provide a machine that is efficient and promotes

essentiality, safety operation, and appropriate cleanliness for users and consumers.

Statement of Objectives

The main objective of the study is to develop a Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat

Grater and Milk extractor.

Specifically, it sought to achieve the following objectives:

1. To design a Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor;

2. To fabricate and assemble a Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor;

3. To test the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor in terms of:

1. Grating Efficiency, and;

2. Extracting Efficiency.

Time and place of the study

The researchers developed the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor, to determine the potentially of the machine. This study focused on the design,

fabrication and development of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor. The researchers conducted the fabrication and development during the Second

Semester of the Academic Year 2023-2024 at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State

University Mid-La Union Campus, College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical

Engineering, Located at City of San Fernando, La Union.

 14

Definition of Terms

For a more comprehensive understanding, the following terms are defined

operationally;

Dual-Purpose, refers to a two functional machine for grating and extracting.

Coconut Meat is the white flesh of the coconut that will be grated.

Coconut Milk is the extracted liquid from the grated coconut meat.

Coconut Meat Grater is the instrument that grates coconut meat from its shell.

Coconut Milk Extractor is the instrument the presses the grated coconut meat to extract its

milk.

Grating refers to the process of grating the coconut meat from its kernel.

Extracting is the process of removing the milk from the pressed coconut meat.
 15

CHAPTER 2

Methodology

Research Design

The researchers used the development research designed, which is defined as the

systematic study of creating, implementing, and assessing instructional processes,

products, and programs that must adhere to internal consistency and effectiveness

standards. Within the current field of instructional technology, developmental research is

viewed as a research methodology used by a researcher whose goal is to provide an

empirical foundation for the development of tools and products, both instructional and

non-instructional, as well as new or improved models that govern development. Stated

differently, one of the most basic research methodologies used in the creation of

educational materials that support instruction is developmental research.

The developmental research design was suitable in this study since the researchers

did conceptualize the design and development of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater

and Milk Extractor. The effectiveness of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor were based on the thorough treatment of the materials, tools and equipment, and

correct execution of processes and methods. The experimental design and testing of the

equipment's efficiency were ensured that all the processes involved are carried out

correctly.

The notion on the analysis of the design and development of the Dual-Purpose
 16

Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor was studied. The researchers' visionary goals

and conceptual understanding has been magnified in coming up with a reinforced concept

of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor.

The researchers contemplated the design and has collected the machine parts to

complete the construction. Careful monitoring was carried out to ensure that each

component of the assembly is positioned correctly, taking the machine's functionality and

safety into account. Until the design is judged acceptable and functional, assembly errors

were recorded, and the necessary adjustments were made.

The study's development and improvement underwent through multiple trials,

errors, and feedback on the processes, input, and output.

Materials and Procedure

Materials. Materials that were used on the construction of the Dual-Purpose

Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor are listed in Table 1 with their corresponding

quantity and price.

Table 1: List of Materials

Quantity Unit Description Unit Price Total Price
(Php) (Php)
1 Pc 0.5 HP with 1720 RPM Electric 3,100.00 3,100.00
Motor
1 Pc Electric Hydraulic Jack 2,530.00 2,530.00

1 Pc Single Pulley, 1”x3” 300.00 300.00

1 Pc Single Pulley, 1”x4” 350.00 350.00

1 Pc V-belt, A50 & A69 355.00 355.00
 17

Continuation of Table 1. List of Materials

Quantity Unit Description Unit Price (Php) Total Price
(Php)
1 Pc Coconut Grater Blade 400.00 400.00

1 Pcs 24”x24”x5mm M.S Plate 1,060.00 1,060.00

3 Pcs Angle Bar, 1”x1”x1/4” 680.00 2040.00

1 Pc Stainless round bar12mm x 570.00 570.00
42

2 Pcs Stainless Sheet 1638.00 3276.00

24”x42”x1.5”x304
1 Pc Cold Shafting 1feet 150.00 150.00

1 pcs Pillow Block, 3/4” 235.00 235.00

1 Pc Grinding Stone “4” 85.00 85.00

10 Pcs Cutting Disc “4” 45.00 450.00

20 pcs Cap Screw 5/16x1 20.00 400.00

4 Pc Stainless Cap Screw 1/4x1 25.00 100.00

1 Kg Welding Rods (Stainless) 680.00 680.00

1 Kg Welding Rods 150.00 150.00

2 Pcs Bearing 300.00 300.00

1 pcs Switch and Outlet 50.00 50.00

1 m Electrical Wire 120.00 120.00

Total Material Cost: 16,701.00

Labor Cost: 5,500.00
Total Cost: 22,201.00
 18

Procedures. The researchers were given the opportunity to enhance and develop

the previous study, the coconut milk extractor. The researchers added additional features

and inventions to the previous study by incorporating the grating process of coconut meat

in the most efficient way possible.

The fundamentals and working principles of the grating and extracting machine

were examined, as well as how grating and extracting a given resource can be more

convenient to people. In this study, the researchers examined the potential building blocks

that utilized to construct the device. In conceptualization of the machine's design, the

researchers gathered ideas, concepts, and information on this subject.

Upon gathering background details through research, researchers further

conceptualize additional features and developments that were incorporated on the

developing a preliminary design.

Following these, researchers presented a conceptualized design and describe the

specifics and rationale behind its creation. During the presentation to accomplish a more

effective development, feedbacks and recommendations were integrated. Following

implementation, fabrications has been carried out in accordance with the specifications

for the features that is included in the development.

A run-on test was conducted to assess the machine's performance. To facilitate

the improvement of the study by evaluation, the researchers inspected and checked all the

machine's parts to ensure they are properly working and tightened, such as the bolts and

nuts, electric motor, grater blades, hydraulic press, clamps, pillow blocks, and body

frame.
 19

An initial test was conducted to evaluate the results of the run-on test. The

researchers encountered that the clamp needed to be adjusted and that the coconut meat

rose above the hydraulic press plate due to the clearance between the catch basin and the

hydraulic press. Additionally, the milk extraction passage's duration prevented the milk

from exiting the device directly. Based on these, the researchers created the decision to

alter the hydraulic press's design. A further phase of testing was conducted to ascertain

whether the new design was capable of processing the coconut meat without encountering

the same problem from the original design, after the new design was particularly

integrated for the extraction process. Following the assessment, the ten trials were

implemented to ascertain the performance of the developed Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat

Grater and Milk Extractor.

FIGURE 1: Procedure Process

 20

DUAL-PURPOSE COCONUT
MEAT GRATER AND MILK
EXTRACTOR
 21

Tools and Equipment

The tools and equipment are used in the assembly and construction of the

machine are listed in Table 2 with their corresponding function. These were used on the

fabrication of the machine.

Table 2: Tools and Equipment

Tools and Equipment Function
Welding Machine It is a device that joins metal joints by using soldering rods.

Multimeter It is a tool for more accurate length measurement.

Power Drill It is a power tool for drilling holes in machines that has

Grinder It is a tool for creating creases for angle bars and metal,

Wrench It's a tool for tightening nuts and bolts within the frame.

Circular Drill Bit It's a tool for drilling holes of various sizes.

Power Tools Mechanism tools and tools driven by an additional power

source.
 22

Data Gathered

The instruments that were used during the data collection were the following:

timer, weighing scale, vernier caliper, measuring cups, and data recording forms. The

timer is used to record on how long does the machine grate and extract. While for the

weighing scale, vernier calipers, and measuring cups these were used during the post

testing in order to have the data, that were then inputted on the data recording form

created by the researchers based on the necessary needed data that were used in

computing the grating efficiency and extracting efficiency.

The vital variables that are needed in order to adequately construct the strategy for

the conceptualization and design process were identified by the data gathering method.

Testing methods for the technical performance in terms of efficiency were carried out

after successfully completing the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor.

Under the performance category, two testing requirements were regulated: (1)

grating efficiency; and (2) extracting efficiency. The data that was acquired from the

grating and extracting process during the 10 trials that were executed is then inputted on

data recording forms, which are then used to find out the efficiency of each process of the

machine.
 23

Data Analysis

The performance of the machine was tested and researchers were able to collect

needed data for the features of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor. Thus, the electric motor, pulleys, belts, and hydraulic press were carefully

chosen to meet the needed speed for the grater and the pressure for the extraction.

Coconut meat grating and milk extraction efficiency were tested. Grating

efficiency was conducted to prove its capability to grate the meat of the coconut with the

use of a clamp as a substitute for the hand as a holder of the coconut. While the extracting

efficiency was tested to improve the traditional way of extraction in the newly developed

extracting process with the use of an electric hydraulic press, The grating and extracting

efficiency have been examined in order to justify the project's goal.

CHAPTER 3
 24

Results and Discussions

Design of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor

The Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor (DPCMGAME) has a

major component, the clamp, grater and hydraulic press. The design of DPCMGAME,

consist of its isometric view, front view, back view, top view and side view.

In the isometric view of the machine shown on the Figure 2, shows the whole

design, outline and overall look of the machine. With an overall dimension of 73.1 x 24 x

54.5 in inches as shown on the orthographic view in Figure 3.

Figure 2: Isometric View of DPCMGAME

 25

Figure 3: Orthographic View of DPCMGAME

Front View Side View

Top View Back View

 26

Main Components of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor

Figure 4: Exploded View of DPCMGAME

The main part and components of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and

Milk Extractor (DPCMGAME) are the following:

DPCMGAME (1): or the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor

is a two-in-one machine composed of two processes where it can grate coconut meat with

a clamp substitute to hold the coconut and also extract the grated meat with the use of an

electric hydraulic press.

Electric Motor (2): A motor with a specs of 220 volts, 0.5 horse power, and a

speed of 1720 rpm—that's the driving mechanism of the machine, specifically the grater

blades. The motor is mounted to the back of the coconut grater; the pulley (4) mounted in
 27

the motor is 3” in diameter and used as a connector to the motor and coconut grater; and

attached to it is a B-26 Fuji belt (11) that makes the coconut grater run.

Hydraulic Press (3): An electric hydraulic press with a lifting range of

170420mm, a maximum height of 420mm and a minimum height of 170mm, a capacity

of 10 tons, and an operating voltage of DC12V. These components serve as instruments

to press the grated coconut meat in order to extract milk.

Clamp (7): The clamp with three jaw ends is mounted in front of the coconut

grater, and the pillow block (5), also with a steel brace stopper (9) serves as the holder

support for the clamp to balance the motion during the grating process. The component

serves as a substitute for the hand to hold the coconut while grating its meat.

Frame (10): The frame serves as a sturdy support for the machine. It is mainly

composed of angle bars welded together. Stainless steel sheet plates were used as the base

on top of the foot frame of the machine.

Construction of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor

The fabrication of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Gratter and Milk Extractor

(DPCMGAME) was made through comprehensive research and study by the researchers.

Canvassing of materials was made before constructing the machine to ensure the best

quality and affordable materials. The main frame of the DPCMGAME was made up of

angle bars to support the components and mechanism of the machine. The angle bars

were cut and welded to form a frame with a height of 36 inches, a length of 42 inches,

and a width of 24 inches. Above the foot frame is a stainless-steel sheet plate. Attached to
 28

the front view shown in Figure 3 is the coconut grater. The grater basin has 13.5 inches in

diameter and a depth of 6 inches. Inside the basin are the grater blades, with 8 blades

mounted to the back of the grater basin. In front of the grater basin is the clamp connected

to the L-shaped tubular pipe connected to the 24x24x5mm M.S. plate attached to the back

of the coconut grater basin that serves as a support and divider from the electric motor.

Below the grater basin is a catch basin with a rod with a total length of 48.4 inches.

Moreover, the hydraulic press shown in Figure 3. Back view shows the back of a

hydraulic press with a 170-420mm lifting range to press the coconut milk out front of the

grated meat. Attached to the button part of the hydraulic press is a 4-inch-diameter

cylinder tube with a length of 4.8 inches. that serve as the presser for the coconut meat,

and below the hydraulic press is the outlet or passageway for the milk extracted.

Testing of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor

Pre-testing

After the fabricator completed the machine, the following shortcomings were modified to

fix the machine:

The clamp: The researchers found out that the clamp on its original design is not

compatible with the motion of the coconut grater, and it cannot do the work of holding on

to the coconut as a substitute for the hand to grate. The researchers later determined that

the nut and bolts of the clamp were not properly attached. After addressing this concern,

it is later further improved by adjusting the nuts and bolts and adding a sharp tip on the

edge of the clamp’s jaws.

 29

The clearance: The clearance creates a gap on the plate's sides, which allows the

coconut meat to rise above the hydraulic press plate between the plate and the basin.

Changing the design to a cylindrical tube-type press was the researchers' decision to

make.

The milk outlet: The original design of the milk extraction passage does have a

long distance from the center of the catch basin, which prevents the milk extracted from

flowing directly to its outlet. Upon consideration, since the hydraulic plates were

changed, the passage was also changed directly below to the bottom of the catch basin.

Right after the initiation of the modifications, an initial evaluation was carried out.

The next step was for the researchers to undertake executing trials to determine the

machine's functionality; they ensured that the machine's components were operating

properly and that it was in good operating condition. First, the machine was thoroughly

cleaned and wiped with a dry cloth. Secondly, the researchers checked the transformer to

see if it was properly connected to the hydraulic press. And to further check if the

machine is working, researchers plug in the main switch of both the motor of the grater

and hydraulic press to an outlet. Additionally, the clamp was inspected by checking its

alignment and lock adjustments. And lastly, prepare the equipment and coconuts needed

for the testing. After the preparations, the researchers conducted the testing with 10

trials.

Post-Testing

The testing was conducted at Brgy. Birunget, City of San Fernando, La Union, on

May 15, 2024. The researchers bought 10 pieces of coconut (niyog) in different sizes.
 30

The basis that the researchers used in choosing the coconuts was its weight together with

its diameter. The chosen coconuts have a range of weights of 1000–1500 grams.

The researchers weighed the coconuts one by one by each trial and gathered the

necessary measurements of the coconut's likely size, weight on the following: as a whole,

half cut without coconut water, and thickness of the coconut meat.

Evaluation of the Performance of The Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Table 3 presents the information acquired before the test began. The coconut

(niyog), weighing an average of 1229.2 grams from the ten coconuts with a range of

weight of 1000 grams to 1500 grams. It is labeled and measured separately after being cut

into halves without its coconut water. The average weight of the tested coconut (niyog) in

terms of its weight without coconut water is 802.2 grams. The meat of the coconut has an

average thickness of 13.05 mm. Given the measurement and weight of the coconuts, the

first coconut was set on the clamp's jaws and the timers were set. The switch for the

grater is turned on after ensuring that the clamp tightly grips the coconut. The grater's

switch is switched off after the grating procedure is complete, and the extraction process

begins with pushing through the catch basin and into the hydraulic press. The extraction

is then started and continued until it passes through the stopper sign by pressing the

hydraulic press switch. The same process was repeated for additional nine times.

Table 3. Data Gathered Measurements of Halves Coconut Grated (A&B)

 31

Trial Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of

Grated Grated Coconut Meat Coconut Meat
Coconut Coconut Meat (Grated (Grated
Meat (grams) Manually) Manually)
(grams)
(B) (A) (B)
(A)

1 166 184 39 34
2 154 175 35 30

3 173 209 45 34

4 197 121 44 38

5 201 169 40 31

6 202 211 33 46

7 301 377 55 63

8 358 393 39 44

9 253 260 49 52

10 383 399 50 41

Total Average 238.8 249.8 42.9 41.3

Table 3 shows the data gathered for the ten trials during the testing process of the

grater, along with the manually grated coconut meat. The average was computed by

having the total summation and divided by the ten trials. With the computed data, the

total average weight of coconut meat grated by the machine in trial A is 238.8 grams and

249.8 grams for trial B along with the manually grated coconut meat which has an

average weight of 42.9 grams and 41.3 grams, respectively.

 32

Table 4. Data Gathered After Grating

Trial Total Weight of Total Weight of Total Time for
Coconut Meat Coconut Meat Grated Weight of Grating (For
Grated (By (By Manually grated) Coconut Both A&B
Machine) (grams) Meat Coconut)
(grams) (grams) (min)
1 350 73 423 [Link].0
2 329 65 394 [Link].9
3 382 79 461 [Link].2
4 318 82 400 [Link].4
5 370 71 441 [Link].6
6 413 79 492 [Link].2
7 678 118 796 [Link].3
8 751 83 834 [Link].4
9 513 101 614 [Link].4
10 782 91 873 [Link].8

Total
Average
488.6 84.2 572.8 [Link].1

Table 4 shows the data gathered during the process of grating the coconut for ten

trials. The total average weight of the coconut meat grated by the machine is 488.6 grams

and the total coconut meat. With the use of a stopwatch an average for the grating time of

the machine, in small coconuts [Link].1. Alongside with the average time, it has an

average weight of 488.6 grams coconut meat grated by the machine.

In determining the total weight of the coconut meat only, the researchers did

manually grate the remaining coconut meat on each coconut and weighed added to the

coconut meat grated by the machine within ten trials, it has an average of 84.2 gram.
 33

Table 5. Data Gathered After Extracting

Trial Weight of Weight of Coconut Weight of Time for
Coconut Milk Extracted (By Coconut Extraction
Meat Grated Machine) (grams) Pressed (sec)
(By Machine) Meat
(grams) (grams)
1 350 114 220 [Link].3
2 329 134 189 [Link].6
3 382 167 205 [Link].1
4 318 147 165 [Link].7
5 370 159 199 [Link].6
6 413 194 216 [Link].9
7 678 269 307 [Link].5
8 751 296 306 [Link].2
9 513 225 252 [Link].6
10 782 286 284 [Link].5

Total Average 488.6 199.1 220 [Link].1

Table 5 shows the data gathered during the process of extracting of coconut milk

for ten trials. Same process on the grating process, for the extracting time a stopwatch is

used with an average time of [Link].1. After the extracting process the pressed coconut

meat were also weighed with an average of 220 grams. For the milk extracted, it has a

range of 80-120 in terms of grams for the diameter from different 10 coconuts tested, with

an average of 199.1 grams milk extracted.

 34

Grating and Extracting Efficiency

The average of grating efficiency of the machine is 84.48%, while in terms of the

extraction efficiency is 84.79%.

To determine the grating efficiency of the machine, the following formula is used:

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒

𝜂% = ∗ 100%
(𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒) +
(𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦)

To determine the Extraction Efficiency of the, machine, the following formula is used:

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑘 (𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)

𝜂% 100%

(𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑡)

Table 6. Computed Efficiency for Both Grating and Extracting

TRIALS Grating efficiency (%) Extracting Efficiency (%)
1 82.74 87.69
2 83.50 95.71
3 82.86 94.35
4 79.50 96.07
5 83.90 92.98
6 83.94 98.47
7 85.17 72.50
8 90.04 66.51
9 83.55 86.20
10 89.576 57.42
 35

Total
Average
84.48 % 84.79 %

Table 6 shows the grating efficiency of both the grating and extracting processes

of the machine. Following the formula given, the researchers computed the efficiency for

each trial, and upon computing the ten trials, it was computed for its average efficiency.

The researchers determined that a larger coconut consists of thicker coconut meat

based on the data that had collected and processed. Based on Table 3, it shows the

different sizes of coconut in terms of diameter. While in Table 4, shows the data gathered;

weights of coconut meat manually grated, it shows that the bigger the size of coconut it

has a lower probability that the coconut could be fully grate that it has a coconut meat

excess still on the coconut and longer time is needed to grate the coconut meat. Still with

the efficiency computed based on Table 6., it has still a higher efficiency to grate. In

terms of grating, a higher weight of coconut is grated, followed by a higher size in grams

of milk to be extracted, based on Table 5 and the data gathered after the extraction of milk

from the grated meat. The time for extraction ranges from 45 seconds to 55 seconds, with

a single press done to the hydraulic press.

 36

CHAPTER 4

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary

This study aimed to design, fabricate, and develop the Dual-Purpose

Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor. Specifically, it sought to achieve the following

Objectives: 1. To design a Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor; 2. To

fabricate and assemble a Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor; 3. To

test the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor in terms of Grating

Efficiency, and Extracting Efficiency.

The researchers conceptualized the design and specification of the Dual-Purpose

Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor. The construction was made through different

materials needed and assembled it through the design made. Defects and not working

components was changed and redesigned until it was all functioning. Pre-testing and

post-testing were made to evaluate the functionality of the machine.

The findings derived from the study are the following: 1. The main components

of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor are the clamp, grater,

hydraulic press, and electric motor., 2. The Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor was constructed and fabricated using the aforementioned materials following

their standard specifications., and 3. The Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor’s efficiency are 84.48 % and 84.79 % respectively.

 37

Conclusions

The following conclusions were derived from the findings:

1. The design requirements of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor has been satisfactorily achieved.

2. The Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk Extractor was constructed

and fabricated based from the standard set for the design.

3. The performance of the Dual-Purpose Coconut Meat Grater and Milk

Extractor in terms of grating and extracting efficiency indicates that it is more

ideal and suitable for small sized coconuts. And based from the gathered and

computed data in terms of efficiency the coconut milk extractor has a higher

efficiency compared to the grating efficiency.

Recommendations

On the basis of the findings and conclusions of the study, the researchers would

like to recommend the following:

1. In order to increase the grater's capacity to grate below the coconut, it is

recommended to replace the rectangular clamp mover with a circular one. This

will provide the clamp with additional clearance to move the coconut for

grating.

2. Further modify the design for the stopper’s clearance.

3. Instead of using a rod-type catch basin, it is recommended that it should be

replaced by a drawer-type catch basin below the hydraulic press, in order to

directly removed the coconut meat.

 38

4. To prevent the basin from breaking down, there should be a stopper on the

hydraulic press to prevent the hydraulic from being totally compressed.

 39

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