Element 2

How Health and Safety Management

System Work and What They Look Like
Learning Objectives

2.1 Give an Overview of the elements of health and safety management

systems and the benefits of having a formal/certified system.

2.2 Discuss the main ingredients of health and safety management

systems that make it effective – Policy, responsibilities, arrangements.
2.1 Occupational Health and Safety
Management System
Introduction

Each organisation should have a clear policy for health and

safety.

Everyone in the organisation is aware of the organisation’s

health and safety aims and objectives.

A good health and safety policy will increase the performance

of the organisation by reducing accidents and financial losses.
Key Elements of H & S Management System

PDCA can be applied to all processes.

The safety management systems have a

common principle which are stated in ILO -
OSH 2001.
ILO OSH 2001 : OSH Management System
ILO OSH 2001 : OSH Management System

Planning &
Policy Organising Implementation
(Plan) (Plan) (Do)

a clear statement to achieve high clearly defining the roles and hazard identification, the risk must be
standards of health and safety, responsibilities of everyone in an eliminated by selecting suitable
organisation for health and safety. equipment, substances or changing
A commitment at all levels of the
The Key elements of organising are the process or improving the design.
management, especially from the
top management. • Competence
• Commitment and control
• Co-operation
• Communication
ILO OSH 2001 : OSH Management System

Action for
Evaluation Audit
improvement
(Check) (Check)
(Act)

Monitor, measure and review Auditing is a critical shortfalls identified during the
health and safety examination of health and review process must be
performance regularly. safety management systems improved, by making
to check all the systems are adjustments to the policy,
working effectively. organisation, and arrangements
Active/proactive for implementation.
Reactive methods.
ILO OSH 2001 : OSH Management System

Continual Improvement
The process of enhancing the OH&S management system, to achieve
improvements in overall OH&S performances, in line with the OH&S policy.

Target
ISO 45001:2018 – OH&S Management Standard

ISO 45001:2018 sets the framework for establishing, implementing, and maintaining
an occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system, managing OH&S
risks and opportunities.

Its aim is to promote and protect the physical and mental health of workers, a
responsibility held by any organization.

It is nonprescriptive in nature, being applicable to any organization, regardless of

size.
ISO 45001:2018 – OH&S Management Standard
Benefits of Achieving Certification

ISO 45001:2018 help employer to manage their OH&S risks.

Improve their OH&S performance by developing and implementing effective policies

and objectives
Benefits of Achieving Certification

• Reduction of workplace incidents

• Reduced absenteeism and staff turnover, leading to increased
productivity
• Reduced cost of insurance premiums
• Creation of a health and safety culture, whereby employees are
encouraged to take an active role in their own OH&S
• Reinforced leadership commitment to proactively improve OH&S
performance
• Ability to meet legal and regulatory requirements
• Enhanced reputation
• Improved staff morale
Benefits of Achieving Certification

Integrating ISO 45001 Management systems helps to win business contracts

externally.

The organisation may use any model either ILO OSH 2001 or ISO 45001, it is
necessary to spin around the cycle more than once, especially

- initial business set up

- developing new process, service, or product; or
- followed by any change implemented.
2.2 Making the Management System
Work – The Health and Safety Policy
Health and Safety Policy

Introduction to Health and Safety Policies

Health and safety policy gives direction to an organisation by setting priorities, aims
and objectives.

Top management must show their commitment and influence on allocation of

resources

Setting standards for health and safety.

Policy must be customised to fit individual organisation.

For example: the risk involved in a construction company may vary from the risk
involved in a supermarket. The aims and objectives are different for each organisation.
Three Parts of a Health and Safety Policy

Organisation Section

Roles and
2 Responsibilities of
each individuals

Statement of Arrangements
Intent Sections
Top management
Specific systems and
1 Commitment; 3 procedures that assists
Aims and objectives;
to implement Policy
Signed by CEO/MD
Smart Objectives

Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time bound

Targets
The organisation should set quantifiable targets in the statement of intent

Complete
Minimizing Reduce
Reduce training related
sickness absence enforcement
Accident to H&S to all
rates. actions supervisors in 6
months

Improve
Completion of Completion of risk Conduct
system for
workplace assessment for all health
recording
inspection activities in next 6 surveillance
accidents /
months every 3 months
near misses
Benchmarking

When setting and measuring performance against objectives and targets,

organisation shall compare their objectives with similar organisation, or the
industry as a whole that are remarkable in maintaining health and safety.

The process of comparing an organisation’s performance with similar organisation

is called as “Benchmarking”.
Organisation Section
Organisation Section

Roles and Responsibilities

CEO or MD Ultimately responsible and accountable

Management at all Levels responsible to ensure suitable controls are in place

All Employees are responsible to take care of themselves and others

Competent person the competent workers must be specialized to carry out specific
health and safety duties, e.g. fire marshals, first aider.

Health and Safety Specialist / Practitioners provide guidance and support to the
management
Arrangement Section

An overview of the
organisation’s risk assessments Permit to work systems

Accident and injury

Emergency procedures procedures

Fire Procedures Training Programs & needs

Safe System of Work Monitoring

Specific Arrangements

Hazards encountered during Power cuts

maintenance work

Work carried out by contractors Equipment Failure

Plant shut down periods

Shift change over periods

Reviewing Health and Safety Policy

• Followed by accident/incident or ill health reported.

• When a new technology is introduced.
• Followed by any change in the organizational structure. For example, change in the
CEO or Director.
• When a new process or procedure is introduced
• Any significant change in the work premises
• Any new legislation is introduced or any change in the existing legislation.
• Followed by consultation with the workforce.
• Followed by audit findings or risk assessments which recommends that policy is no
longer valid.
• Enforcement action reveals weaknesses or specially requires a review
• As passage of time, policy must be reviewed every year to ensure that it remains valid.
Reasons for HSE Policy Becomes Ineffective

• Minimal leadership by directors and senior managers who fail to ‘drive’ the
policy.
• No annual objectives.
• Health & safety is not given priority.
• Resources are not provided.
• Aims and intentions are not clearly understood by all employees.
• Policy emphasis much on employee responsibilities.
• No measurement of whether objectives set are being achieved.
• Management is unaware of the role in health and safety; and management
receives no training to enable then to implement actions required.
Case Study - 2

Piper Alpha Disaster - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chas.9b00022

1. Explain the reasons contributed to the accident.

2. Discuss on the lessons learnt from this incident?
End-of-Section