UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE ALTAMIRA
MEC 4E
Practice 5_CombinationalLogicCircuits
Students:
Castillo Cruz Victor Daniel
Del Angel Orta Blanca Yamileth
Martir Gonzalez Jaqueline
Reyes de la Cruz Cristian Antony
Rivera Monreal Francisco Ariel
Vazquez Franco Angel de Jesus
Teacher:
Oscar Martinez Hernandez
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE ALTAMIRA
17 of October, Altamira Tamps.
PRACTICE 1
Introduction
In this practice, a combinational logic circuit will be developed from a truth table that includes three
inputs and two outputs. The objective is to identify the corresponding maxterms and minterms and,
with this, to design a digital circuit that represents the defined logic function. Subsequently, a
simulation of the circuit will be performed both in Multisim and Tinkercad to verify its correct
operation.
Explanation about how your developed the practice.
1. Schematic Understanding and Planning
The first step involved reviewing the circuit diagram to understand its purpose and identify the
necessary components, such as the integrated circuits (74HC series), resistors, LEDs, and the power
supply of 5V. The circuit appears to involve logic operations, likely using the ICs to perform these.
2. Component Setup on Breadboard
The integrated circuits were carefully placed on the breadboard. The ICs used in the practice (from the
74HC series) are likely logic gates such as AND, OR, or other combinations. A DIP switch was also
added for controlling the inputs to the ICs.
3. Wiring the Circuit
The next step was connecting the components:
● DIP switch: Connected to the inputs of the logic ICs to control the logic levels (0 or 1)
manually.
● IC connections: Wires were used to connect the inputs of the ICs to the DIP switch and the
outputs to the LEDs.
● Resistors: Placed in series with the LEDs to limit the current and prevent damage.
● LEDs: Connected to the outputs of the ICs to display the logic results (ON indicates logic ‘1’,
OFF indicates logic.
4. Power Supply Configuration
A regulated 5V power supply was connected to the breadboard to power the ICs and other
components. In the images, different current readings can be seen, indicating different states of the
circuit during operation.
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5. Testing the Circuit
Finally, after setting up the circuit, the DIP switch was used to change the input combinations, and the
behavior of the LEDs was observed to verify if the logic operations were correct. The values of the
current varied based on the active components and the state of the logic gates.
Combinational logic circuits are fundamental building blocks in digital electronics, playing a crucial
role in the design of various electronic systems, including computers, communication devices, and
control systems. Unlike sequential circuits, which rely on memory elements to store past states,
combinational circuits produce outputs based solely on the current inputs, without any regard for
previous inputs or states. These circuits are characterized by their use of basic logic gates—such as
AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR—to perform logical operations. The output of a
combinational circuit is a direct function of its inputs, defined by a specific Boolean expression or
truth table. Combinational logic circuits can perform a variety of functions, including arithmetic
operations (like addition and subtraction), data routing, and decision-making processes. They are used
in applications ranging from simple data manipulation to complex algorithms in computer
architecture. Understanding the principles of combinational logic is essential for anyone interested in
digital design, as it lays the groundwork for more advanced concepts in electronics and computer
engineering. This introduction sets the stage for exploring the design, analysis, and practical
implementation of these vital circuits.
Determination of Minterms and Maxterms:
● Minterms were obtained from the input combinations that result in an output of 1. These were
represented as a sum of products, where each term represents a specific combination of
variables in true or false states.
● Maxterms were identified as the combinations that result in an output of 0. These were
expressed in a product of sums form, where each term represents the conditions for the output
to remain inactive.
Simplification of Minterms:
● Boolean algebra rules were applied to reduce redundant terms and simplify the original
minterm expression. The goal was to minimize the number of operations needed to implement
the logical function, resulting in a reduced form of .
Digital Circuit Construction:
● Using the simplified expression, a digital circuit was designed with logic gates. The final
function was implemented using AND and OR gates, demonstrating how to realize the logical
function with minimal hardware.
Simplification of Maxterms:
● Although not shown in the provided images, the next step would involve simplifying the
maxterm expression similarly, applying Boolean algebra properties to reduce it to its simplest
form.
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Development
We have the following truth tables , from which we extract the maxiterms and miniterms:
Based on the maxiterms and miniterms created from the truth tables, we can create the circuits in
sifico and by software.
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Multisim.
000=1
001=0
010=1
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011=1
100=1
101=1
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101=0
110=1
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111=0
000=0
001=0
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010=1
011=0
100=0
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101=0
110=1
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111=1
000
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001
010
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011
100
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101
110
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111
Conclusion
In, the operation of the assembled and simulated circuit worked in a more than optimal way, as well as
the required requirements of developing a combinational logic circuit from a truth table that includes
three inputs and two outputs.
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PRACTICE 2
Introduction
his practice consists of creating a digital circuit that performs the addition of two one-bit binary
numbers. The design will have two inputs (A and B) and two outputs, as dictated by the truth table
provided. The circuit will be simulated in Multisim and Tinkercad, where the correct implementation
of the logic gates and the result will be verified.
Explanation about how your developed the practice.
[Link] Selection: Based on the circuit requirements, we used integrated circuits (74HC series),
LEDs, resistors, a DIP switch, and a power supply (5V).
[Link] Setup:
● The integrated circuits were positioned on the breadboard with careful attention to their pin
configurations.
● A DIP switch was installed to allow for manual control of the input logic levels.
[Link]:
● The inputs from the DIP switch were connected to the logic ICs, and the outputs were wired
to the LEDs.
● The LEDs were connected through resistors to ensure proper current limiting, preventing
damage.
[Link] Supply: A 5V power supply was connected to the circuit. As shown in the images, different
current levels were measured during operation, corresponding to the input combinations provided
through the DIP switch.
[Link]:
● The DIP switch allowed changing the input states, simulating various binary logic
combinations.
● Each combination was tested, and the resulting behavior of the LEDs was observed.
● The current measurements (in µA or mA) provided insight into the power consumption of the
circuit at different stages.
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Maxiterms and miniterms:
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Multisim:
00=0
01=0
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10=0
11=1
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00=0
01=1
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10=1
11=0
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000=0
010=1
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100=1
111=1
Conclusion
In conclusion, the sum of two one-bit binary numbers was successfully completed. The design will
have two inputs (A and B) and two outputs, as dictated by the truth table provided as well as their
respective simulations in Tinkercad and Multisim, showing the results in the previous images.
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PRACTICE 3
Introduction
The purpose of this practice is to design a digital circuit that performs multiplication between a
two-bit binary number and a one-bit binary number. A truth table will be used to structure the circuit
design, ensuring that the outputs correctly reflect the product of the binary numbers. The circuit will
be simulated in Multisim and Tinkercad to confirm its accuracy.
Explanation about how your developed the practice.
Power supply (5V, 21mA):
This supply powers the entire circuit, providing 5 volts of voltage and 21 mA of current, which is
sufficient to operate the low-power elements such as the 74HC08 and LEDs.
74HC08 Integrated Circuit (AND gate):
The 74HC08 is a chip that contains AND logic gates. An AND gate gives a high output (logic 1) only
if all its inputs are high.
This IC has several gates, but in this case it appears that only one or two of them are being used.
4-position DIP Switch (with switches):
This DIP switch appears to be connected to the AND logic gate inputs. It allows you to control the
state of the inputs (logic 0 or 1) by changing the position of each switch.
Whenever one of these switches is in the "ON" position, it inputs a logic high signal (5V) to the
circuit.
Resistors:
There are several resistors that limit the current to the LEDs to prevent them from burning out due to
the high current. These are connected in series with the LEDs.
Other resistors are probably connected between the DIP switches and the IC to stabilize the logic
signals.
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes):
Two LEDs are used that appear to be connected to the outputs of the 74HC08 IC.
When the AND gate has its inputs high (the DIP switches are "ON"), the corresponding LED lights
up. This indicates that the output of the AND gate is in the logic high state.
Circuit operation:
Initial setup:
When you connect the power supply, the circuit is energized and the LEDs start reacting depending on
the inputs to the logic gate.
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DIP switch operation:
When you change the DIP switch positions, you change the logic state of the AND gate inputs (high
or low).
If all required AND gate inputs are high (5V), the LED will light up, showing a high output.
If one or more inputs are low (0V), the AND gate will have a low output and the LED will not light.
Circuit.
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Circuit
Multisim
000=0
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001=0
010=0
011=0
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100=0
101=1
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110=0
111=1
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000=0
001=0
010=0
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011=1
100=0
101=0
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110=0
111=1
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000=0
001=0
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010=0
011=01
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100=00
101=10
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110=00
111=11
Conclusion
In conclusion, in this practice we tried to develop a digital circuit that performs the multiplication
between a two-bit binary number and a one-bit binary number, as well as taking out the maxiterms
and miniterms.
The result was satisfactory, functional and without as many complications as the circuit and its
respective simulations.
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PRACTICE 4
Introduction
In this practice, you will design a digital circuit that compares two two-bit binary numbers to
determine if they are equal. From the corresponding truth table, the circuit will be built, which will
generate an output that will indicate the equality or difference between the numbers. The simulation
will be performed in Multisim and Tinkercad to validate the correct operation of the comparator.
Explanation about how your developed the practice.
1. Review of the logic schematic
The first step was to analyze the provided schematic diagram. This allowed us to identify the
necessary components, such as the logic gates (74HC), LEDs, and the 5V power supply. The circuit’s
function, according to the schematic, seems related to a logic or sequential operation, as we are
using logic gates.
2. Breadboard assembly
We placed each of the integrated circuits (74HC) on the breadboard. These ICs are essential for
performing the logic operations. We also added a DIP switch (visible on the left side of the
breadboard), which allows us to select or change the circuit’s logic inputs.
3. Component connections
Each logic gate has inputs and outputs that must be properly connected to implement the desired
logic function. We used jumper wires to connect the IC inputs to the power points or the DIP switch
and the gate outputs to the LEDs.
● The LEDs serve as visual indicators of the circuit’s outputs. If the LED lights up, it means the
logic output is ‘1’ (high), while if it is off, the output is ‘0’ (low).
● The resistors placed in series with the LEDs ensure that the current passing through them is
limited to prevent burning out the LEDs.
4. Power supply setup
We connected the 5V power supply to the circuit, providing the necessary power for the ICs to
operate. In the image, you can see two power supplies, each connected to the corresponding circuits
on the breadboards.
5. Functionality check
Once the circuit was assembled, we tested its functionality by activating the DIP switch to change the
inputs and observing how the LEDs responded. If the LEDs light up according to the predefined logic
rules, the circuit is working correctly. If not, we checked the connections to ensure everything was
properly wired.
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0000=1
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0001=0
0010=0
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0011=0
0100=0
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0101=1
0110=0
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0111=0
1000=0
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1001=0
1010=1
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1011=0
1100=0
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1101=0
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Conclusion
In conclusion, this last practice designs a digital circuit that compares two two-bit binary numbers to
determine if they are equal. Regarding the preparation of this practice, the level of complexity
increased, making it a little more difficult to make the circuit and the simulations, but in the end it was
completed satisfactorily.
