Engineering A book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological

Notebook order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design
project.
Unit 1 Key Terms Innovation An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or
method of doing something.
Invention A new product, system, or process that has never existed before,
Key Term Definition created by study and experimentation.
Assess To thoroughly and methodically analyze accomplishment against Iterative A process that repeats a series of steps over and over until the
specific goals and criteria. desired outcome is obtained.
Assessment An evaluation technique for technology that requires analyzing Justifiable Capable of being shown as reasonable or merited according to
benefits and risks, understanding the trade-offs, and then accepted standards.
determining the best action to take in order to ensure that the Piling-on An idea that produces a similar idea or an enhanced idea.
desired positive outcomes outweigh the negative consequences. Problem The recognition of an unwelcome or harmful matter needing to be
Techniques used to analyze accomplishments against specific goals Identification dealt with.
and criteria. Examples of assessments include tests, surveys, Product A tangible artifact produced by means of either human or mechanical
observations, and self-assessment. work, or by biological or chemical process.
Brainstorm A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, Prototype A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making
stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous actual observations and necessary adjustments.
participation in discussion. Research The systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish
Client A person using the services of a professional person or organization. facts and reach new conclusions.
Valid Well-founded on evidence and corresponds accurately to the real
Creativity The ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; world.
marked by the ability or power to create.
Criteria A means of judging. A standard, rule, or test by which something can
be judged.
Constraint 1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as
appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A
limitation or restriction.
Design 1. An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by
which resources are converted into products or systems that meet
human needs and wants or solve problems. 2. A plan or drawing
produced to show the look and function or workings of something
before it is
built or made. 3. A decorative pattern.
Design Brief A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria,
and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking
of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
Design A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints,
Process used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or
satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the
possible solutions to one final choice.
Design A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes
Statement what a design solution should do without describing how to solve
the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be
executed.
Designer A person who designs any of a variety of things. This usually implies
the task of creating drawings or in some ways uses visual cues to
organize his or her work.
Engineer A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific

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Unit 2 Key
Key Term Definition
Cabinet Pictorial Oblique pictorial where depth is represented as half scale
compared to the height and width scale.
Cavalier Pictorial Oblique pictorial where height, width, and depth are represented
at full scale.
Center Line A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical
parts.
Construction Line lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes.
Depth The measurement associated with an object’s front-to-back
dimension or extent of something from side to side.
Dimension A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of
an object is width, height, and depth.
Dimension Line A line which represents distance.
Documentation 1. The documents that are required for something or that give
evidence or proof of something. 2. Drawings or printed
information that contain instructions for assembling, installing,
operating, and servicing.
Drawing A formal graphical representation of an object containing
information based on the drawing type.
Edge The line along which two surfaces of a solid meet.
Ellipse A regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that
the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or
resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not
intersect the base.
Extension Line Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops.
Freehand Sketching which is done manually without the aid of instruments
such as rulers.
Grid A network of lines that cross each other to form a series of
squares or rectangles.
Height The measurement associated with an object’s top-to-bottom
dimension.
Hidden Line A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible.
Isometric Sketch A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form
equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection.
Leader Line Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail.
Line 1. A long thin mark on a surface. 2. A continuous extent of length,
straight or curved, without breadth or thickness; the trace of a
moving point. 3. Long, narrow mark or band.
Line Conventions Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight
and style.
Line Weight Also called line width. The thickness of a line, characterized as
thick or thin.
Long-Break Line A line which indicates that a very long objects with uniform detail
is drawn foreshortened.
Manufacture To make something, especially on a large scale using machinery.
Unit 2 Key
Measurement The process of using dimensions, quantity, or capacity by
comparison with a standard in order to mark off, apportion, lay
out, or establish dimensions.
Multi-View Drawing A drawing which contains views of an object projected onto two or
more orthographic planes.
Object Line A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of
an object.
Oblique Sketch A form of pictorial in which an object is represented as true width
and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any
angle.
Orthographic A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane
Projection having only length and breadth. Also referred to as Right Angle
Projection.
Perspective Sketch A form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to
provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye.
Pictorial Sketch A sketch that shows an object’s height, width, and depth in a
single view.
Plane A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would
wholly lie.
Point A location in space.
Profile An outline of an object when viewed from one side.
Projection Line An imaginary line that is used to locate or project the corners,
edges, and features of a three-dimensional object onto an
imaginary two-dimensional surface.
Projection Plane An imaginary surface between the object and the observer on
which the view of the object is projected and drawn.
Proportion 1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2.
Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements
in a single structure.
Scale 1. A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular
intervals that is used to measure distances. 2. A proportion
between two sets of dimensions used to develop accurate, larger
or smaller prototypes, or models.
Section Lines Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting
plane line has cut through material.
Shading The representation of light and shade on a sketch or map.
Short-Break Line Line which shows where part is broken to reveal detail behind the
part or to shorten a long continuous part.
Shape A two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in
contrast to three-dimensional form.
Sketch A rough representation of the main features of an object or scene
and often made as a preliminary study.
Solid A three-dimensional body or geometric figure.
Technical Working A drawing that is used to show the material, size, and shape of a
Drawing product for manufacturing purposes.
Three-Dimensional Having the dimensions of height, width, and depth.
Tone The general effect of color or of light and shade in a picture.
Two-Dimensional Having the dimensions of height and width, height and depth, or

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Vanishing Point
width and depth only.
A vanishing point is a point in space, usually located on the
Unit 3 Key
horizon, where parallel edges of an object appear to converge.
View Colloquial term for views of an object projected onto two or more
orthographic planes in a multi-view drawing.
Width The measurement associated with an object’s side-to-side
dimension.
Key Term Definition Unit 4 Key
Accuracy The degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to the
actual (or accepted) value.
Arrowheads Arrowheads are used to indicate the end of a dimension line or
leader.
Caliper A measuring instrument having two adjustable jaws typically used
to measure diameter or thickness.
Class Interval A group of values that is used to analyze the distribution of data.
Convert To change money, stocks, or units in which a quantity is
expressed into others of a different kind.
Data Facts and statistics used for reference or analysis.
Data Set A group of individual values or bits of information that are related
in some way or have some common characteristic or attribute.
Dimension A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of
an object as in width, height, and depth.
Dimension Lines A line which represents distance.
Dot Plot See line plot.
Frequency The rate at which something occurs over a particular period or in
a given sample.
Graph A diagram showing the relation between variable quantities,
typically of two variables measured along a pair of lines at right
angles.
Histogram A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution
of a set of data.
International A non-governmental global organization whose principal activity
Organization for is the development of technical standards through consensus.
Standardization
(ISO)
International An international system of units of measurement consisting of
System of Units (SI) seven base units.
Line Plot A method of visually displaying a distribution of data values
where each data value is shown as a dot or mark above a
number line. Also known as a dot plot.
Mean A measure of center in a set of numerical data, computed by
adding the values in a list and then dividing by the number of
values in the list.
Measure To determine the size, amount, or degree of an object by
comparison with a standard unit.
Median A measure of center in a set of numerical data. The median of a
list of values is the value appearing at the center of a sorted
version of the list – or the mean of the two central values if the list
contains an even number of values.
Mode The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.
Normal Distribution A function that represents the distribution of variables as a
symmetrical bell-shaped graph.

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 A number value or algebraic equation that is used to control the
size or location of a geometric figure.
Unit 5 Key
Precision The degree to which repeated measurements show the same
result.
Scale 1. A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular
intervals and used to measure distances. 2. A proportion between
two sets of dimensions used in developing accurate, larger or
smaller prototypes, or models of design ideas.
Scatter Plot A graph in the coordinate plane representing a set of bivariate
data.
Significant Digits The digits in a decimal number that carry meaning contributing to
the precision or accuracy of the quantity.
Standard Deviation The distance of a value in a population (or sample) from the
mean value of the population (or sample).
Statistics Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data,
organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and
drawing conclusions based on data.
Unit A standard quantity in terms of which other quantities may be
expressed.
US Customary System of measurement used in the United States.
Measurement
System
Variation A change or slight difference in condition, amount, or level.
Key Term Definition Unit 6 Key
Annotate To add explanatory notes to a drawing.
Assembly A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together to form a
self-contained unit.
Assembly Drawing A drawing that shows parts of an item when assembled.
Cartesian A rectangular coordinate system created by three mutually
Coordinate System perpendicular coordinate axes, commonly labeled X, Y, and Z.
Component A part or element of a larger whole.
Computer-Aided 1. When used in the context of design: the use of a computer to
Design or assist in the process of designing a part, circuit, building, etc. 2.
Computer-Aided When used in the context of drafting: the use of a computer to
Drafting (CAD) assist in the process of creating, storing, retrieving, modifying,
plotting, and communicating a technical drawing.
Degree of Freedom The variables by which an object can move. In assemblies, an
object floating free in space with no constraints to another object
can be moved along three axes of translation and around three
axes of rotation. Such a body is said to have six degrees of
freedom.
Design Brief A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria,
and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking
of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
Design Statement A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes
what a design solution should do without describing how to solve
the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must
be executed.
Domain The set of input values of a function.
Extrusion 1. A manufacturing process that forces material through a shaped
opening. 2. A modeling process that creates a three-dimensional
form by defining a closed two-dimensional shape and a length.
Function 1. A relationship from one set (called the domain) to another set
(called the range) that assigns to each element of the domain
exactly one element of the range. 2. The action or actions that an
item is designed to perform.
Geometric Constant, non-numerical relationships between the parts of a
Constraint geometric figure. Examples include parallelism, perpendicularity,
and concentricity.
Marketing The promotion and selling of products or services.
Mathematical The process of choosing and using appropriate mathematics and
Modeling statistics to analyze empirical situations, to understand them
better, and to improve decisions.
Mock-up A model or replica of a machine or structure for instructional or
experimental purposes. Also referred to as an Appearance
Model.
Model A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in
detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original.

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Packaging
A fixed point from which coordinates are measured.
Materials used to wrap or protect goods.
Unit 7 Key
Pattern A repeated decorative design.
Physical Model A physical representation of an object. Prototypes and
appearance models are physical models.
Plane A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would
wholly lie.
Portfolio A collection of documents selected for a particular purpose which
may contain reflection on the contents of the documents or the
related purpose. Varieties of portfolio types exist and are used for
different purposes (e.g., project portfolio, course portfolio,
longitudinal or growth portfolio, showcase portfolio).
Prototype A full-scale working model used to test and improve a design
concept by making actual observations and necessary
adjustments.
Range The set of output values of a function.
Revolution Creating a 3D solid or surface by revolving a 2D shape about an
axis.
Rotation Turning around an axis or center point.
Round A rounded exterior blend between two surfaces.
Scale Model An enlarged or reduced representation of an object that is usually
intended for study purposes.
Scoring Making an impression or crease in a box blank to facilitate
bending, folding, or tearing.
Solid A three-dimensional body or geometric figure.
Solid Modeling A type of 3D CAD modeling that represents the volume of an
object, not just its lines and surfaces.
Subassembly An assembled part that is a part of a larger assembly.
Translation Motion in which all particles of a body move with the same
velocity along parallel paths.
Working Drawings Drawings that convey all of the information needed to
manufacture and assemble a design.
Key Term Definition Unit 8 Key
Acute Triangle A triangle that contains only angles that are less than 90 degrees.
Angle The amount of rotation needed to bring one line or plane into
coincidence with another, generally measured in radians or
degrees.
Area The number of square units required to cover a surface.
Axis 1. An imaginary line through a body, about which it rotates. 2. An
imaginary line about which a regular figure is symmetrically
arranged. 3. A fixed reference line for the measurement of
coordinates.
Center of Gravity A 3D point where the total weight of the body may be considered
to be concentrated.
Centroid A 3D point defining the geometric center of a solid.
Circle A round plane figure whose boundary consists of points
equidistant from the center
Circumscribe 1. A triangle located round a polygon such as a circle. 2 To draw
a figure around another, touching it at points but not cutting it.
Cylinder A solid composed of two congruent circles in parallel planes, their
interiors, and all the line segments parallel to the axis with
endpoints on the two circles.
Density The measure of mass density is a measure of mass per volume.
Diameter A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a
circle or sphere.
Ellipse A shape generated by a point moving in a plane so that the sum
of its distances from two other points (the foci) is constant and
equal to the major axis
Fillet A curve formed at the interior intersection between two or more
surfaces.
Inscribe To draw a figure within another so that their boundaries touch but
do not intersect.
Mass The amount of matter in an object or the quantity of the inertia of
the object.
Meniscus The curved upper surface of a liquid column that is concave when
the containing walls are wetted by the liquid and convex when
not.
Obtuse Triangle A triangle with one angle that is greater than 90 degrees.
Parallelogram A four-sided polygon with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
Pi (π) The numerical value of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to
its diameter of approximately 3.14159.
Polygon Any plane figure bounded by straight lines.
Principal Axes The lines of intersection created from three mutually
perpendicular planes, with the three planes’ point of intersection
at the centroid of the part.
Prism A solid geometric figure whose two ends are similar, equal, and
parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.

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Radius
A four-sided polygon.
A straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or
Unit 9 Key
sphere.
Rectangle A parallelogram with 90 degree angles. A square is also a
rectangle.
Regular Polygon A polygon with equal angles and equal sides.
Right Triangle A triangle that has a 90 degree angle.
Round Two or more exterior surfaces rounded at their intersections.
Square A regular polygon with four equal sides and four 90 degree
angles.
Surface Area The squared dimensions of the exterior surface
Tangent A straight or curved line that intersects a circle or arc at one point
only.
Title Block A table located in the bottom right-hand corner of an
engineering drawing that identifies, in an organized way, all of
the necessary information that is not given on the drawing itself.
Also referred to
as a title strip.
Triangle A polygon with three sides.
Vertex Each angular point of a polygon, polyhedron, or other figure.
Volume The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object or
enclosed within a container.
Quadrilateral A four-sided polygon.
Key Term Definition Unit 10 Key
Aesthetic 1. Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. 2. Of
pleasing appearance.
Asymmetry Symmetry in which both halves of a composition are not identical.
Also referred to as informal balance.
Balance A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct
proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry,
asymmetry, and radial.
Color The property possessed by an object of producing different
sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits
light.
Contrast The state of being noticeably different from something else when
put or considered together.
Element A basic constituent part.
Emphasis Special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
Form 1. Having the three dimensions of length, width, and depth. Also
referred to as a solid. 2. The organization, placement, or
relationship of basic elements, as volumes or voids in a sculpture,
so as to produce a coherent image.
Gestalt The principle that maintains that the human eye sees objects in
their entirety before perceiving their individual parts.
Graphic Design The art of combining text and pictures in advertisements,
magazines, books, etc.
Harmony 1. The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole. 2.
Agreement or concord.
Message Analysis The process of deciding what information needs to go into the
graphic design, as well as how to effectively use the design
elements and principles to present the information. This analysis
is based on a thorough analysis of the audience.
Pattern A repeated decorative design.
Pictograph A pictorial symbol for a word or phrase.
Principle The method of formation, operation, or procedure exhibited in a
given instance.
Proportion 1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc.
2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among
elements in a single structure.
Radial Symmetry Symmetry about a central axis.
Reverse The process of taking something apart and analyzing its workings
Engineering in detail.

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 A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions. Unit 11 Key
Shape The two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area,
in contrast to three-dimensional form.
Space 1. The dimensions of height, depth, and width within which all
things exist and move. 2. A free or unoccupied area or expanse.
Symbol A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a
material object representing something abstract.
Symbolism 1. The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. 2. The
symbolic meaning attached to material objects.
Symmetry The correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts
on opposite sides of a median line or about a central axis. Also
referred to as formal balance.
Texture The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or
fabric.
Typography The style and appearance of printed matter.
Unity The state of being united or forming a whole.

Value The lightness or darkness of a color in relation to a scale ranging

from white to black.
Variety A thing which differs in some way from others of the same
general class.
Key Term Definition Unit 12 Key
Aligned Dimension A system of dimensioning which requires all numerals, figures,
and notes to be aligned with the dimension lines so that they may
be read from the bottom (for horizontal dimensions) and from the
right side (for vertical dimensions).
Allowance The tightest possible fit between two mating parts.
American National A private, non-profit organization that coordinates the
Standards Institute development and use of a voluntary consensus standards in the
(ANSI) United States.

American Society A professional engineering organization that is known for setting

of Mechanical codes and standards for mechanical devices in the United States.
Engineers (ASME)
Audience Analysis The understanding of the consumer group for which the design is
targeted. This would include the audiences, demographics,
physical location, amount of time available to view the design,
and interest in the subject matter.
Auxiliary View A view that is used to show features that are located on an
inclined surface in true size and shape.
Baseline System of dimensioning in which all dimensions are placed from
Dimensioning a datum and not from feature to feature. Also referred to as
Datum Dimensioning.
Balloon A circle with a single number connected to an assembly
component with a leader line to refer to parts.
Bilateral Tolerance A tolerance in which variation is permitted in both directions from
the specified dimension.
Blind Hole A hole that does not go completely through the workpiece.
Broken-Out Section A section of an object broken away to reveal an interior feature
for a sectional drawing.
Chain Also known as point-to-point dimensioning where dimensions are
Dimensioning established from one point to the next.
Clearance Fit Limits the size of mating parts so that a clearance always results
when mating parts are assembled.
Counterbore A cylindrical recess around a hole, usually to receive a bolt head
or nut.
Countersink A conical-shaped recess around a hole, often used to receive a
tapered screw.
Cutting Plane Line A line drawn on a view where a cut was made in order to define
the location of the imaginary section plane.
Datum A theoretically exact point, axis, or plane derived from the true
geometric counterpart of a specific datum feature. The origin from
which the location, or geometric characteristic of a part feature, is
established.
Datum A dimensioning system where each dimension originates from a

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Dimensioning common surface, plane, or axis. Also known as baseline
dimensioning.
Decision Matrix A tool used to compare design solutions against one another,
using specific criteria.
Detail Drawing A dimensioned, working drawing of a single part. Also referred to
as part drawing.
Detail View A view that is used to show a magnified view of features that are
too small to adequately specify in another view.
Dual Dimensions Where alternate units are displayed within the same dimension.
Fillet An inside radius between two intersecting planes.
Foreshorten To show lines or objects shorter than their true size.
Foreshortened lines are not perpendicular to the line of sight.
Full Section A sectional drawing based on a cutting plane line that extends
completely through an object.
Half Section A sectional drawing based on a cutting plane line that cuts
through one-quarter of an object. A half section reveals half of the
interior and half of the exterior.
General Notes Notes placed separate from the views; relate to the entire
drawing.
Interference The amount of overlap that one part has with another when
assembled.
Interference Fit Limits the size of mating parts so that an interference always
results when mating parts are assembled.
International This is a worldwide organization that creates engineering
Organization for standards.
Standardization
(IOS)
Least Material The smallest size limit of an external feature and the largest size
Condition (LMC) limit of an internal feature.
Limit Dimensions The largest and smallest possible boundaries to which a feature
may be made as related to the tolerance of the dimension.
Local Notes Connected to specific features on the views of the drawing. Also
known as annotations.
Location Dimension A location dimension that defines the relationship of features of
an object.
Market Research The activity of gathering information about consumers’ needs and
preferences.
Nominal Size The designation of the size established for a commercial product.
Part Drawing A drawing that contains all the information for making one part of
the design.
Parts List A list of materials or parts specified for a project. Also referred to
as a bill of materials or BOM.
Pitch A distance of uniform measure determined at a point on one unit
to the same corresponding point on the next unit; used in threads,
springs,and other machine parts.
Reference A dimension, usually without a tolerance, used for information
 purposes only. A reference is a repeat of a given dimension or
established from other values shown on a drawing. Reference
dimensions are enclosed in ( ) on the drawing.
Round An outside radius applied to corners.
Section Lines Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting
plane line has cut through material.
Section View A view that is used to show details not apparent on the exterior of
the part.
Size Dimension Placed directly on a feature to identify a specific size or may be
connected to a feature in the form of a note.
Specified The dimension noted or, in the case of a tolerance, the part of the
Dimension dimension from which the limits are calculated.
Spotface A shallow recess like a counterbore, used to provide a good
bearing surface for a fastener.
Survey An investigation of the opinions or experience of a group of
people, based on a series of questions.
Taper Gradual diminution of width or thickness in an elongated object.
Technical Writing A type of expository writing that is used to convey information for
technical or business purposes.
Tolerance The acceptable amount of dimensional variation that will still
allow an object to function correctly..
Transition fit Occurs when two mating parts can sometimes have a clearance
fit and sometimes have an interference fit.
Unidirectional A dimensioning system which requires all numerals, figures, and
Dimension notes to be lettered horizontally and to be read from the bottom of
the drawing sheet.
Unilateral Tolerance A tolerance in which variation is permitted in only one direction
from the specified dimension.
Working Drawings Drawings that convey all of the information needed to
manufacture and assemble a design.

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Unit 8 Key Terms Unit 9 Key Terms
Key Term Definition Key Term Definition
Exploded Assembly An assembly drawing in which parts are moved out of position Arbitration The hearing and determination of a dispute or the settling of differences
along an axis so that each individual part is visible. between parties by a person or persons chosen or agreed to by them.
Formula A mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols. Attorney General The principal legal officer of the Crown or a state.
Numeric Constraint A number value or algebraic equation that is used to control the By-product Something produced in the making of something else; a secondary
size or location of a geometric figure. result; a side effect.
Parameter A property of a system whose value determines how the system Carcinogen A substance capable of causing cancer.
will behave. Consensus General agreement.
Parametric A CAD modeling method that uses parameters to define the size
Modeling and geometry of features and to create relationships between Critique A detailed analysis and assessment.
features. Changing a parameter value updates all related Ecosystem A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical
features of the model at once. environment.
Environmental The US federal agency with a mission to protect human health and the
Phantom Line A line used to show the alternate positions of an object or Protection Agency environment.
matching part without interfering with the main drawing. (EPA)
Ratio The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the Ergonomics The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design
number of times one value contains or is contained within the devices, machines, or workspace so that people and things interact
safely and most efficiently.
other.
Ethical Conforming to an established set of principles or accepted professional
Rib A relatively thin flat member acting as a brace support. Also standards of contact.
called a web.
Ethics The moral principles governing or influencing conduct.
Evaluate To form an idea of the amount or value of; assess.
Gantt Chart A time and activity bar chart that is used for planning, managing, and
controlling major programs that have a distinct beginning and end.
Hazard A danger or risk.
Impact The effect or influence of one thing on another. Some impacts are
anticipated, and others are unanticipated.
Landfill A low area of land that is built up from deposits of solid refuse in layers
covered by soil.
Mediation The act or process of using an intermediary to effect an agreement or
reconciliation.
Negotiation Mutual discussion and arrangement of the terms of a transaction or
agreement.
Norms Principles of right action, binding upon the members of a group and
serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior.
Occupation Safety A government organization whose mission is to assure the safety and
and Health health of America's workers by setting and enforcing standards;
Administration providing training, outreach, and education; establishing partnerships;
(OSHA) and encouraging continual improvement in workplace safety and
health.
Product Lifecycle Stages a product goes through from concept and use to eventual

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Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 1 Key Terms – Page 17
 withdrawal from the market place.
Protocol The accepted code of behavior in a particular situation.
Raw Material Any natural resource that is used to make finished products.
Recycle To reclaim or reuse old materials in order to make new products.
Refurbish To renovate or redecorate.
Refuse Matter thrown away as worthless.
Residue A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone
or been taken or used.
Synergy When the unit or team becomes stronger than the sum of the individual
members.
Trade-off An exchange of one thing in return for another: especially
relinquishment of one benefit or advantage for another regarded as
more desirable.
Virtual Team A group of people that rely primarily or exclusively on electronic forms
of communication to work together in accomplishing goals.
Waste Material which is eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or
required.

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Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 1 Key Terms – Page 19