FR.

CONCEICAO RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY, VASH

Siddihant tmTutkat Fo mula Giuide
2020201 010venno Module-

Ovennor is uee.d to maintain the Speed of an engine

uoithin Speciffed Iimits udheneyex thexe fs a varfation oH
oad
G1ovexn.0x

Centliuga Tnerkia

Pendulum(Uatt) Loaded type

Hpe
Dead niieiqnt Spzing Contrled

POyte HaTthell

Poxter GLOvenor
Flyballs
Steeve
Deadwt)-

N -845 2mg + (MgtF) (IHR)|

h 2mg
K=tanP richon m> mass 0fFybal
tan& +tye f sleeve moves
MMass of Gleeve -Ve up|
 Hartnelr Grovern or *

centrifugal force
FsSpring force ,

eed Position 1

Mgt Fs t6b
2

Position 2
A
b
MAtFs2 +6
2
Fa mg+ Fs,+6) b
F a (mg +Fs,+ 6 b
(Fs-Fs,) (F-F
Ks-2(-F Stiffnes
o
s

Perfoomance Characteefstics
spring
0Sensitfvity Abililty to respond to small change in speed
Sensitivity =2(N2-N)
(N,+Nz)
Huntinq u e to veesensih
S1ability Opposite o Sensitivity
Isochronous Gioveenor Constant equilibrium Speed
 FR. CONCEICAO RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
VASHI

Condtion for isochronfsm

For Paxter h Mm h m
CO,2 CO2
For isochronous bah2 not possible

Hagtne
Fa 2
(Ma +Fs,)b
2

= (Mg +Fs)b m,eaa2 a =1_(mgtFs)h

m,t,of a 2 2

For isochroniem Mg t Fs
Mgt FS2

Effort of Ginvexnoz

Foy Watt
For Dozter

E2 =Ca 2m+tm(Itk) E-Cmg

Itk

Foy Hartnell
E C(Mg Ps
2
 Power o Gtovesn03

Caeneeal
Power= x (2x hefght of Goveanoe)| Formula
2

P -
4ceh_ (mt M) >Postee
(1¥2c)
heightof goveenst
P C CMat Fs)(2z)
Controller FoYCe
Controlfing Force tan e mg tMa4 (IHk)1
2
Poote

CMg Fst 6)
Havnet
 [Link] RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
VASHI

[Link]
The effect paoduced by the reactive [Link]
For Plane

Direction e Dfrechiom ot Effecto ReacHve

Spin velotity memen Gyroscepe couple
Right Nose dauan tailup
Left NOse up tafl dow0n
Right Nose uptaildowh
Lef& Nosedown talup

For Boa
Righb Stern douwn Bow up
Lef b Stesn Up Bow down
Right Stem douwn Bow up
Left Stesn UP Bow down

For Boat (P?Hching)

Pitch Up Siern moves to statbetrzk Post
Pitch douwn Sten moves to Starbaa rd
Staqbqa ra
PYtchou Bourdouard stzud ez
Pitch douwn Bowt9usakdta povt

CLco0 p
 [Link] RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASH

Fommula GIuide
Module -2
Statfc and dunamic analysfs o Sifder Crank Mechanis
4

ODC
IDC

1Displacement of piston is given by

2 0 LC-cose)+ (n-yn-sîn^e)

2]Velocityof piston is given by

E T0Sine t sin2e
y eo Gine+ Sin20 2n
2n-sin?el

|31Acceleeahian of piston is qiven by

= Ew COs.eCos24

NOTE When e=o a t TDG

ghen G 180 i.e at ODC

4] Angula Veloity 0of Connecting rod
G COS
n Sine
5] Angular Acceleratfon 0t Connecting rod

occ Cosin e n
Ln-sin o)
Here Go Angular yelocity of cran
RadYus of CYanRshaft
e Angle made by CrankShatt with hovizontal
Rength of the connecting Tod
Angle made b connecting rod with honzontal
Y VertRcal dfstance between the pofnt 0t contact
0 Connecting rod and CanRshaf E
ODC Outer Dead Centre
LDC Inner Dead Centre
n
Oblfquity Tatio - o
 [Link] RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY, VASHI

Fe
Engine Eorce Analysfs Fr
Dsfnte+P)-
Fe

COVer
A Area of the 4aer end A=Area 0piston rod end
P = Pxessure an the Coyer end P= Pressure onthe
pistonyod end.
m:mass_ofthe gecipzacating pauts

Force on the pfston due to gas pressue

Fp P,A,-P, Az
Ineetia arce
E FE ma =mTw COS G+ COs2

Nettorce on the pfston F = Fp-Fb

Itfrichion is consfdered F F =Fp-Fh-Fe
Vexkical Engîne F Fp tmg- Fh F4-
Force along Conneckinq rod(F)
FccosB= F_

Fc = F
CosB
2] Thrust sfdes of cylinder CFn)
on
nt
Fn Fe sfn p
F_sn
Casp
P
Fn Ftan p
31 Crank Effost CFt)

FT Fe Tsin (Gt B) e s yo
Ft Fe Sin (et B)
Fe-F sin (@tp)
Cosp
4]Thrust on beasings CFr)
Fr Fetos (e+p)
Fr cos (e+P)
COs
51 Tusning Moment of Crankshat (T)
T F sin e + Sin20e
2 sinel

T LF x OD)
 [Link] RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOL0GY, VASHI
Fovmula, Gufde
Module-3| | Free Yibration

Undamped Eree Yibration

Nettans Method

m m F e ma
mz +kx =0
0OnK m

oEnergy Method
Total Kinetic Enerayt Potentfal Energ
Energy CK-E) (P.E)
(TE)
d (TE)0 (KE+P-E) =O
olt dt

Lagranafa n methad
L KE-PE
e n of mohon
KE 2PE
Raylefoh Method
(KEmat PEmaz-
may E X_
Xc
X01,, 0S 42pt
L Kz hmaz
mimat
2
2
 m[xwn Klz] K

o1orsion al vibration

TeI8 -kT (Restoing

LLLLLLLL torgue)
TO+Ke-o
0On
TOrsfonal Stiftnessk, of Shatt can bedetevm ined
with e the help ofTelation

KT

KT GT 2d

d diameter of shat Rength of shatt s

EPolar moment T d )

einetfa
there 1s a rotahion al mofion pYAt
*Whenever

Te
 [Link] RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, VASHI

EQuivalent Stiffness 0 8ping Combinahions

LLL
Spaings Iin Parallel
Keq K+K m

Spsings n Sesies
Key
m
when evex a mass is attached to
aF
a inclfned plane with a Spzina
Attached a equthzin cendihiaz
+at equiibzium Condition
mgSin there wi| be '8 înitfal e longahi on
K(tS
mgsin d = kS
at z_dsplacement
mgsin d
F=mz
mz=masin_a-klSt+ x)
mz=mgSind -k8-Kz
mz tkz =0 m

Simple Pendulum

nOn - 2 T=27
aTU On
ime peiod-etSimple-Pend-
E8 ww

Total energy in System uwould be

KE (translational) Cstudy ofylindee)
K-E CRotational)
ECRotation al ) CRotatonal metion 0 Cylind e
+PE
(Encrgy stored în spring)
+Te KT

(m +I6 kr*e) =o
m26 +
Tê 2
k2e e =o
me+ Te +ke 0
On K
m+I
K kr2
n m+m 2

2K
WnN3m Sadlsec
 FR. CONCEICAO RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASHI

[Link]
ACatRal Speed for Shaft casaying Single Roto (uwithouk
Damping)
OStatfc Deflection o Shatt (8)
Case- w =weight of Shatt=mg
S =w R Rength
(92 E I E Modulus ofeccenticity
for Shatt beïnq suppos ted at ffxed ends I-T d
64
Momet of Iheetia
of 3hatt
KCase D
S wA Cantilever beam aith pointload at ree
3 E end
Case-

S=wL4 Cantilever beam with unifosm load

SEI distribution_
(Case-IVL

Stmpl Suppoxted beam uoith an

3 ETR accentitity point load u
Case )
6 WL Simply Supported beam uufth Centra
48 ET pofnt load
Ctfcal bpeed ot the Shatt NC
here ronstant
here g- qravitahional
Wc m 6 deflechion (Statfc)
A m=mass k e Spoing Stitness N/
 M here M- wd z TId
Z 8 32

4wd& here, awd dynamic load

TTd
Rength of beam
d diameter
The deflection Of shaft due to dynamfc load
wd L3
192 E I
The value of deflection of Shatt depends on the Range of Speed
when o<We u is taRen ds Ye
(/00n e
(on 2
here, w 2TUN/6o rad/s
e eccentoicity of rotor i-e
when O>Wc distance between C.G and
is taken - ve geometaic centve 's'.
-defletion of geometsfc centre 's'
- (uone from point 0 due to C-F 'm'
I(0n C angular speed of Shaft
COn-Naturalamguret Speed
 [Link] RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASHI
Foxmula Gufde
Module-5 Forced Vfbratfon
Forced vibratfon uith haamanic exdtahion
www-
Easiha,Fasinco,b
Ineta foe
,Damping foyce
m L(x69n sin (wnt -tt) + c (xwnsin Cunt -t/2)
t k (xsin Cco,t-)= Fasînlao,t)
Harmonfc exc+tation
Springjorce F O m O n

wn

= tan25
-e

Fo is the ex tation forcee

X =
Fo/k
NY(2 ) -2)+(2E

tan o 2E Magnifefcatien
-e Faton
180
20

0
Ao4
MF 60

2 3
 On
mo
Rotating Unbalance
2
Fo Moew tantan(2
moe 1-8
NCI-e)+(2E)
InerHaf o r c e F r m n 2mun2km

Forcedvibration with Suppost excitathion

1+ (26e)
Absolute Amplftude m
NC1-E2 25e
Relatfve Amplftud e
C1-e3)+(268)
tfme lag phase lag
Excttahion freq
phaselag - p
here tantan- (25
A =
ban- (2Ee)
Nfbrational Ts olahion
LFovced transmissib?fty
mojon -1
T4 Fo
Fbe= Rz)+( con)
Dynamfe load mon
 FR. CONCEICAO RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASHI

Enerau Dissipation due to viscous dampina

0 FoTsind
Due to yesonance

) Vfbratînq Syslem
[Link] (E7771 heavymass)
Acceletometey(ee kic4 Light mass)
e2
NC-e2+ (2,.) AA-
2=8)
 FR. CONCEICAO RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, VASHI
Foomula ufde= Modale-6
Dunamic Fquiyalent Sustem
Basfc Balancing fomula
~ma t maTa 0 ma massof the body needed to
balance
a radfus

Now, to dfstoibute mass

m ma t mh
ma a =E m,b mb Ma
Io

m= ma(atb
b mbaib
Ma b m2 M= Lbta)m
bta

When there is an addiHonal mass cayd on a body_on

which mass is to be dfshibuted the moment of Tneeia
does not satisây the condition [ e equal thought Hence
a coroecdfon torque is applied

AT= (M-M')_ I -mba

(TA- Id) 1 mbd
m, de Md de I I a sa d
C
nbde a-d)
=mbAc a -dtb-b)_ 6ab

= mba - 1 )
Analysi's or Engîne

CranR pin
mad

FH Big end
Tadius
B a

T It is caused due to Inestia Force ludn/eh

Fi ms CoS e + COS 2
AT caused by thrust on cylindoical walls
Fylcos p= AT
AT Fy
Lcos

T Caused by the Py and acts on the crank shatt

To =Fyrcose dadg a
A-x xCose
LCosp a e
= AT x Cos

Vnsíin
 [Link] RODRIGUES INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, VASHI

Balancing 01 V engine

=mr cos (d-e) =(FP

Primary Force for sf culfnder
vexhical Componen: (Fp,) cos.A Hovizontal -(Fpi) sind
for 2 Cylfnder E mTm c0s (te) =FP
Verhical [Link] 2(Fp) cos Hoizonta =(F)sihd

Ey EP,V + EpY

Cose
Fy= 2 mTw cos &COS
F 2mzu sin a Sind_sfne
EpT E t E
Ep2maw-|lcascose]+ |sinA sihe1

I f d= 45 Fpe ra
PafmayFarce
 Secondary Ferce
Secondavy Force on 1st cylfnder =Cos 2 (d49)
Fs, au
=

Secondasy Force on 2na cylfnder Fs, mru-cos2 (Ate

= =

Vertcal Component = (Fs) cos A

Horfzonta.l Compan ent
Fe)sfna
Fsy Fsiy t Fsv
Fs 2mTo COSd COS2 d coS 26
n

Fs 2mox sin sin 24sfn26

F-FS+Fs
TFs2U
Fs 2mru2
CoSAcos2%cose)*+ (sfna stn24 sfh 2e)

TFs 2 maw sin2e [For &=46]

 Vfhratfon Measutement
O Vibrometer T>>>1)
(heavy nmass)
AccelekomeBex (y {< )
Lloo mass)_
Z
A(2E3D
F the value
0.
Hhevalue ot Z=i

I the yalue o a
<0t07 then 2
thevalue 0 z
2

*Ifthe value ot 20 t07 then value 0f Z

at 0 T tries to achieye initinits
Z min-ma
Amplude =
0On Cc
If in the prtblem given that o errax

So here We get 2 yalues

Z
100 00
 So, based on the value ot &, we Can decfde uwhethex the

ill be
gseater than 0r less than
e8 =0-2 / errOr

I+TO0 Iol 1- 0:94

here 0-2 <070 So, the Value

hence
and for acelerometer (s441) 2 Vibvometer (T>>1)