High-yield topics
IM Neurology
• Stroke and Cerebral Vasculature: Ischemic vs. hemorrhagic, management of TIA
• Headaches , Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease and its treatment
• Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria (McDonald), disease-modifying
therapies, symptom management.
• Parkinson’s Disease: Pathophysiology, differential diagnosis (atypical parkinsonism), motor
symptoms pharmacologic management.
• Neuropathies: Diabetic neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome.
• Seizure Disorders: Epilepsy syndromes, diagnostic workup (EEG), management (first-line
antiepileptics), status epilepticus.
IM Cardiology
• Heart Failure
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Valvular Heart Disease
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• Cardiomyopathies: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), restrictive, dilated,
Takotsubo CM
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• Hypertension: Primary vs. secondary, hypertensive crisis, target organ damage,
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pharmacologic agents and other Pericardial diseases
IM ECG
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• Normal ECG and Variants: Interpretation basics, axis, intervals, waveforms.
• Ischemia and Infarction: ECG changes in STEMI and NSTEMI, location of infarct
• Arrhythmias: SVT, Atrial fib, atrial flutter, V fib, VTach and management
• Conduction Disorders: Bundle branch block (RBBB, LBBB), AV nodal block (1st, 2nd, 3rd
degree), Potasium changes in ecg, digitalis toxicity.
• Cardiac Arrest and ACLS
IM Kidney
• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Prerenal, intrinsic, postrenal causes, RIFLE criteria, dialysis
indications.
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Staging, complications (anemia, hyperparathyroidism),
slowing progression and management
• Acid base imbalance, RTA 1,2,3 , Renal artery stenosis, Chronic pyelonephritis, Kidney
tuberculosis, Vesiculoureter reflex.
• Glomerulonephritis: Nephritic vs. nephrotic syndrome
IM Rheumatology
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Sjogrens, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis
• Spondyloarthritis: Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis.
• Osteoarthritis
• Crystal-Induced Arthropathies: Gout (acute vs. chronic), pseudogout (CPPD), joint aspiration
findings, pharmacologic management.
• Vasculitides: Large vessel (GCA, Takayasu), medium vessel (PAN), small vessel (ANCA-
associated).
IM Hepatobiliary system
• Hepatitis: Viral (A, B, C, E), autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease (NAFLD).
• Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension: Etiologies, complications (variceal bleeding, ascites,
hepatic encephalopathy), MELD score.
• Liver transplant and scores criteria
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Guys atleast cover this topics , maximise your time and preparation with internal medicine.
Best regards
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Dr. Bharath reddy
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