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John Michael C. Salazar, RCrim

Regional Exemplary Passer (Region III)
Cum laude
POE Passer June 2024
Napolcom Passer June 2024
“medyo cute”

1. What is criminology according to Edwin Sutherland?

A. Criminology is the study of crimes, criminals, and victims. It also deals with the
prevention and solution of crimes.--> R.A 11131
B. Criminology is the entire body of knowledge regarding crime as a social
phenomenon. It includes within its scope the process of making laws, and
society's reaction towards the breaking of laws.
C. Criminology is the interdisciplinary study of crime and deviant behaviour
D. Criminology, scientific study of the non-legal aspects of crime and delinquency,
including its causes, correction, and prevention, from the viewpoints of such diverse
disciplines as anthropology, biology, psychology and psychiatry, economics, sociology,
and statistics
Criminology is Interdisciplinary, thus the following disciplines are involved in Criminology:
Criminal Anthropology→ the study and investigation of organic and psychic constitution
of the criminal and his social conditions.
Criminal Psychology→ psychological traits of the criminal
Criminal Statistics→ studies the increase and decrease of crime in relation to their
causality.
Criminal Sociology→ social causes.
Forensic Medicine→ the use of medical knowledge for the administration of justice
Forensic Chemistry→application of chemical principles in the solution of crimes.

2. Under the principal divisions of criminology, it is the one concerned with the scientific
causes of crimes.
A. Sociology of law refers to the investigation of the nature of criminal law and its
administration
B. Etiology of Crimes
C. Penology the study of the control of crimes and the rehabilitation of offender
D. Criminology
Nature of Criminology (SAND)
Social science
Applied Science
Nationalistic
Dynamic

3. According to him, criminology cannot be a science since it has not yet acquired universal
validity.
A. George Wilker
B. Edwin Sutherland dean of modern criminology
C. Rafaele Garofalo Italian law professor who coined the term Criminologia
D. Paul Topinard French anthropologist who used the term Criminologie

4. Which of the following best describes the core assumption of classical criminology?
A. Individuals commit crimes due to a lack of self-control and impulsivity.
B. Individuals are influenced by biological factors that predispose them to criminal
behaviorBiological
C. Individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences and
benefits of their actions.

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D. Individuals are driven to commit crimes due to economic deprivation and social
inequalities
5. What is a key limitation of classical criminology theory?
A. It does not differentiate between the free will of adults, minors, and individuals
with mental handicaps.
B. Overlooks the influence of environmental factors on criminal behavior
C. Suggests that rehabilitation is more effective than punishment in deterring crime
Purpose of punishment in Positivism
D. The theory emphasizes socioeconomic status as a primary determinant of criminal
behavior.

Classical Neo-classical Positivism

-Free will -free will is not entirely -It uses scientific

exercised. determination of
-Retribution criminal behavior.
-Due to pathology,
-People are rational minority, imbecility -Biological
beings and is capable to
think of their actions -Psychological
-Sociological

6. Reflects the development of illness through the complex interaction of biological factors,
psychological factors, and social factors.
A. Biological
B. Psychological
C. Sociological
D. Biopsychosocial
Examples:
[a] a person may have a genetic predisposition for depression, but they must have social
factors, such as extreme stress at work and family life, as well as psychological factors, such
as a perfectionistic tendency, to trigger this genetic code for depression;

[b] a person may have a genetic predisposition for a disease, but social and cognitive factors
must trigger the illness.

7. What does the theory of general deterrence primarily emphasize?

A. The importance of rehabilitation programs for offenders.
B. The role of societal stigma in shaping criminal behavior.
C. The idea that punishing offenders deters others from committing crimes.
D. The impact of economic disparities on crime rates.

Specific Deterrence General Deterrence

-the offender itself -the public/people

-doer -viewer

To achieve deterrence these conditions must be met:

3C’s
Commensurateness →the punishment must fit the crime.
Certainty→ the offender must have perceived that he or she is likely to be caught and
punished.
Celerity/Swiftness→ punishment should take shortly after the act or behavior

8. How does utilitarianism influence approaches to punishment in criminology?

A. Advocating for harsh punishments to deter potential offenders and maintain

social order.
B. By emphasizing rehabilitation and reintegration programs to reduce recidivism rates.
C. By prioritizing fairness and consistency in sentencing to uphold societal norms.
D. Focusing on retribution and ensuring offenders experience proportional suffering.

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Utilitarianism→ Recommended that penalties must be fixed to imposed an amount pain in

excess of the pleasure- derived from the criminal act.

“Greatest happiness principle”

9. What does the concept of felicific calculus involve in the context of ethical decision-making?

A. Analyzing legal precedents in sentencing decisions.

B. Focusing on rehabilitative programs for offenders.
C. Considering the social status of victims and offenders in criminal cases.
D. Evaluating the balance between pleasure and pain resulting from actions.

Felicific Calculus- mental algorithm by Jeremy Bentham also known as Hedonistic Calculus

10. According to hedonists, which of the following best represents their philosophical stance?

A. Maximizing personal pleasure and happiness as the ultimate aim.

B. Minimizing societal inequalities through economic reforms.
C. Prioritizing spiritual growth and enlightenment
D. Advocating for strict adherence to traditional values and customs.

What is the opposite of altruism? Egoism

Altruism Being selfless

Egoism being selfish

11. Andoy killed a lot of people in the span of two days without stopping. He is considered as
what type of murderer?

A. Serialmaramihan pero may interval, with cooling off period

B. Mass maramihan isang bagsakan
C. Spree without cooling off period
D. Terrorist

12. Misha Collins uses his skills and cunning in order to kill lots of women. It was later found
out that Misha killed 30 women throughout his entire life. What type of murderer is he?

A. Serial
B. Mass
C. Spree
D. Terrorist

13. Rita believes that violence is always the answer due to her neighborhood believing that
violence will solve anything. According to the statement, what type of offender is she?

A. Criminally Violent Offenderviolence as a means to commit a crime.

B. Pathologically Violent Offender Mental illness or brain damage resulting to violent
offending behavior
C. Culturally Violent Offender individuals who live in subculture
Dominant culture nakasanayan sa isang society
Less dominant Subculture
D. Situationally Violent Offender occassionally under provocation

**Typology of offenders (John Conrad)

14. Kobe killed her wife and her other lover due to the fact that he saw the two having sex in
their own house. According to the typology of offenders by John Conrad, what type of offender
is he?

A. Criminally Violent Offender

B. Pathologically Violent Offender

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C. Culturally Violent Offender

D. Situationally Violent Offender

15. These killers strive for either sexual sadism or dominance. This is the most common form
of serial murder.

A. Thrill killers
B. Mission killer wants to reform the world or have a mission that drives from that kill
C. Expedience kills for profit or to protect themselves from a threat
D. Profit killer

*Types of Serial killers (Jack Liven and James Allan Fox)

16. This type of mass murderer seeks to get even with individuals or society at large.

A. Revenge killers
B. Love killers sense of devotion; commits suicide and take others (nandadamay)ex.
Suicide bombers
C. Profit killers kills to cover up a criminal conspiracy
D. Terrorist killers trying to send a message, ex. Gangs, cults
*Types of Mass Murderers (Jack Liven and James Allan Fox)

17. It is a type of rape when the assailant primarily wishes to express his domination over the
victim.

A. Power Rape
B. Anger Rapesexual attacks as means for expressing anger
C. Sadistic Rapetorments, tortures, abuses his victim
D. None

Can a man be raped? Yes, through sexual assault

Rape through sexual assault

Penis to mouth
Penis to anal orifice
Object to anal orifice

18. Carlo expected that his sexual advances to a woman will result to reciprocation of his
intention but in reality the woman does not want to have sexual intercourse with him resulting
for Carlo to commit rape. What kind of rapist is he?

A. Naïve Graspers
B. Meaning stretchers the offender misinterprets the friendliness of a woman
C. Sex looterssees woman as a sex object
D. Group conformers group rapists or gang bangers

19. A type of robber who has a long term commitment to crime as a source of livelihood.

A. Professional
B. Addict robber primarily support drug habits
C. Opportunistic steal when there is a vulnerable target or there is an opportunity;
usually small amounts
D. Alcoholic just for their excessive consumption of alcohol

20. Violent crimes directed towards a certain individual or group of people.

A. Hate Crime
B. Love Crime
C. Stalking
D. None

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21. It involves illegal activities of people and institutions whose acknowledged purpose is
profit through illegitimate business transactions.

A. White collar crime

B. Cyber-crime use of modern technology to commit crimes
C. Organized crime degree of organization
D. Pink Collar crime crimes committed by woman/ eabab

*Economic and Enterprise Crimes

22. Are crimes that is illegal because they conflict with social policy, accepted moral values
and public opinion.

A. Prostitution
B. Gambling
C. Public Order Crimes “Victimless Crimes”
D. Infraction

Types of Prostitutes
Street walkersworks in the streets; plain sight Quezon Ave. Near PEGASUS
Bar Girls Waiting to be picked up in bars
Brothel prostitutes living in house of ill repute; runned by madams
Call girls“Aristocrat of Prostitutes” gains clients through employment in escort services
Circuit Travelersmoves around in groups of two or three
Skeezerscommits prostitution to support drug habits
Escort Services/Call Housescombination of elements of a brothel and a call girl.
Massage parlors/Photo studiosextra service; oral sex and manual stimulation are
common.

23. Which of the following best describes a crime?

A. An act or omission prohibited by law that can result in punishment such as fines
or imprisonment.
B. Any action perceived as immoral by society, regardless of legalityDeviance
C. Behavior that violates social norms, regardless of legal consequences.
D. An act causing harm or injury to others, whether intentional or accidental.

CrimePublic Law
FelonyRPC
Offense SPL
Infraction Municipal/City Ordinance

Triangle of Crime (MIO)

Motive
Intent
Opportunity

Routine Activity Theory

Motivated Offender
Suitable target
Absence of capable guardianOPPORTUNITY

24. An act that is in violation of a law forbidding it. Performing an act that is prohibited by law.

A. Crime of commission
B. Crime of omission An act that is in violation of a law commanding it. Failure to
perform an act that is commanded by law.
C. Crime of passion
D. Crime

LEGAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES

As to the manner crimes are committed:

- By means of dolo or deceit

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• freedom or voluntariness

• intelligence

• intent

- By means of culpa or fault

• lack of foresight

• lack of skill

• negligence

• imprudence

AS TO THE STAGES IN THE COMMISSION OF CRIMES:

1. Consummated crime- When all the elements necessary for its execution and
accomplishment are present.

2. Frustrated crime- When the offender has performed all the acts of execution which will
produce the felony therefore, but which nevertheless do not produce it, by reason of causes
independent of the will of the perpetrator.

3. Attempted crime- When the offender commences the commission of a crime directly by
overt acts and does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce the felony by
reason of some cause or accident other than his own spontaneous desistance.

25. Robbery and theft is an example of what type of crime?

A. Extinctive crimethe consequence of the act is destructive

B. Acquisitive crime
C. White collar
D. Blue collar

*According to the result of crime

26. A crime committed when it is conducive to the situation

A. Static crime
B. Opportunistic crime
C. Situational crime
D. Seasonal crime crimes committed only to a certain period of year (ex. Violation of the
omnibus election code)

*According to the time or period of the commission of the crime

27. A crime committed in the shortest possible time.

A. Static crime
B. Continuing crime
C. Instant crime
D. Episodial crime committed by a series of acts in a lengthy space of time

*According to the length of time of the commission of the crime

28. Usher kidnapped Negro and placed the latter into several villages. What type of crime did
the latter commit?

A. Static Crimecommitted only in one place

B. Continuing crime committed in several places
C. White collar crime
D. None

*According to place

29. Crimes committed with intent and the offender is in full possession of his sanity.

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A. Rational crime
B. Irrational Crime Committed by an offender who does not know the nature and quality
of his act on account of the disease of the mind (abnormal)
C. White collar crime
D. Blue collar crime

*According to the use of mental faculties

30. Crimes committed by a person belonging to the upper socio-economic class during his
occupational activities.

A. Pink collar crime

B. Blue collar crime committed by an ordinary professional to maintain his livelihood
C. White collar crime
D. Rainbow collar crime

31. Single act constituting two or more grave felonies or and is a necessary means for
committing the other.

A. Simple crime
B. Complex crime
C. Compound crime
D. Complex crime proper
E. Composite crime

ACCORDING TO PLURALITY:

Simple crime- Single act constituting only one offense.

Complex crime- Single act constituting two or more grave felonies or and is a necessary
means for committing the other.

A COMPOUND CRIME is one where a single act produces two or more crimes

-The single act of pitching or rolling the hand grenade on the floor of the gymnasium which
resulted in the death of one person and injuries to others. Accused was convicted of murder
with multiple attempted murder and was sentenced to suffer reclusion perpetua without
eligibility for parole (People v. Mores, G.R. No. 189846, June 26, 2013).

-The single act of running over the victims with a van from behind while the victims were
walking, resulting in the death of two persons and injuries to others constitute a compound
crime of double murder with multiple attempted murder (People v. Punzalan, G.R. No.
199892, December 10, 2012).

A COMPLEX CRIME PROPER strictly speaking is one where the offender has to commit an
offense as a means for the commission of another offense. It is said that the offense is
committed as a necessary means to commit the other offense. “Necessary” should not be
understood as indispensable, otherwise, it shall be considered absorbed and not giving rise to a
complex crime.

Estafa through falsification of public documents

Rape through forcible abduction

A COMPOSITE CRIME is one in which substance is made up of more than one crime, but
which in the eyes of the law only a single indivisible offense is. This is also known as a special
complex crime. Examples are robbery with homicide, robbery with rape, rape with homicide.
These are crimes which in the eyes of the law are regarded only as a single indivisible offense.

32. What distinguishes "mala in se" from "mala prohibita" in terms of their nature?

A. Their severity of punishment under criminal law.

B. The intent of the offender in committing the act.
C. Whether they are universally considered immoral or prohibited by law.
D. Their prevalence across different cultures and societies.

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Mala inse- inherently evil acts RPC

Mala prohibita- acts that are only prohibited by lawSPL

Are all SPL mala prohibita? No

33. **What is the nature of R.A 9262?

A. Mala in se
B. Mala prohibita
C. Malala
D. Maloi

NOTE: NOT ALL SPL ARE MALA PROHIBITA! CHECK THE ACTS THAT ARE
PROHIBITED IN THE SPL BEFORE YOU CONCLUDE

34. According to the Consensus View in criminology, what does the law primarily reflect?

A. Public opinion and societal norms regarding acceptable behavior.

B. Notions and view of those who hold a particular legal jurisdiction.
C. Law functions as a tool that allows the wealthy to uphold their power and regulate the
conduct of individuals.
D. Traditional beliefs and societal norms of people

THREE VIEWS OF CRIME

CONSENSUS VIEW CONFLICT VIEW INTERACTIONIST VIEW

public opinion; general the law is controlled by the preference and opinions of
agreement rich and the powerful those who holds a particular
legal jurisdiction

35. Maloi got an 82% average in her Criminologist Licensure Examination but she has 3 areas
that have below 75%. What is her status in relation to R.A 11131?

A. Failed
B. Passed
C. Deferred
D. Referred

GR:

Average: at least 75%

No 3 areas below 75
Below 60 Deferred

75% ave=59,59,59FAILED

75% average=59, 75, 59Deferredretake within 2 years 80%

75% average= 75,75,75 PASSED
75% average= 59,48,74FAILED

36. Russel Perez already passed the Criminologist Licensure Examination but has not yet
taken his oath. Is he allowed to practice his profession aligned with being a criminology
instructor?
A. Yes, because he already passed the board exam.
B. Yes, because passing the board exam means he can already practice his profession
aligned with being a Registered Criminologist
C. No, because he needs to take this oath and license to practice his profession
D. No, because being a criminology instructor does not require being a Registered
Criminologist

37. What did R.A 11131 do to R.A 6506?

A. Repeal
B. Amend

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C. Amen
D. Appeal

Amendments are often used when it is better to change the document than to write a new one.

Repeal is the removal or reversal of a law, and is generally done when a law is no longer
effective, or it is having negative consequences.

38. Refers to a natural person who holds a valid certificate of registration and an updated
professional identification card as criminologist issued by the Board and the Commission.
A. Registered Criminologist
B. Criminologist
C. Creamynologist
D. Kobe

39. The composition of the board of criminology consists of how many?

A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6

Composed of a Chairperson and four members

Who endorses the three nominees for each position? APOPCAP
Who appoints? President

40. If the chairperson of the board of criminology already served the term of three years, can he
still be re-appointed for the position?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Maybe
D. Probably

41. If the said chairperson can be re-appointed for the position, how many terms can he serve?
A. Shall not be more than two
B. More than two
C. Shall not be more than three
D. None

42. One of the board member has allegedly disclosed the criminologist licensure exam ahead of
time to some people for an advantage to passing the board exam. What can happen if the
allegations were proven?
A. The President of the Philippines, upon the recommendation of the Commission,
after due process and administrative investigation conducted by the Commission,
may remove or suspend the member of the Board
B. He will be praised and promoted
C. The President of the Philippines will give reprimands on the member
D. Nothing, because it may not be true

Section 11. Grounds for Removal or Suspension of Board Chairperson/Member. - The

President of the Philippines, upon the recommendation of the Commission, after due process
and administrative investigation conducted by the Commission, may remove or suspend the
Chairperson or member of the Board on any of the following grounds:

(a) Gross neglect, incompetence or dishonesty in the discharge of one's duty;

(b) Commission of any of the causes/grounds and the prohibited acts provided in this Act and
the offenses in the Revised Penal Code, the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, and other
laws;

(c) Manipulation or rigging of the results in the licensure examination for criminologists,
disclosure of secret and confidential information on the examination questions prior to the
conduct thereof, or tampering of grades; and

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(d) Conviction with final judgment of any crime involving moral turpitude. The Commission, in
the conduct of the investigation, shall be guided by Section 7(s) of Republic Act No. 8981, the
rules on administrative investigation, and the applicable provisions of the New Rules of Court.

Sec. 22 Revocation or Suspension of the Certificate of Registration and Cancellation of

Temporary/Special Permit - The Board shall have the power, upon notice and hearing, to
revoke or suspend the certificate of registration of a registered criminologist or to cancel a
temporary/special permit granted to foreign criminologist for the commission of any of the
following acts:
(a) Violation of any provision of this Act, its IRR, the Code of Ethics, the Code of Good
Governance, or policy of the Board and/or the Commission;
(b) Conviction of a crime with finality involving moral turpitude;
(c) Perpetration or use of fraud in obtaining one's certificate of registration, professional
identification card or temporary/special permit;

(d) Gross incompetence, negligence or ignorance resulting to death or injury of a person, or

damage to property;

(e) Nonrenewal of the professional identification card for a period of six (6) years with the PRC
without justifiable cause;

(f) Aiding or abetting the illegal practice of a non-registered criminologist by allowing the use of
one's certificate of registration and/or professional identification card or temporary/special
permit;

(g) Illegally practicing the profession during the suspension from the practice thereof;

(h) Addiction to drugs or alcohol impairing one's ability to practice the profession or a
declaration by a court of competent jurisdiction that the registrant is of unsound mind; and

(i) Noncompliance with the CPD and APO requirements, unless one is exempted therefrom, for
the renewal of the professional identification card. The Board shall periodically evaluate the
aforementioned grounds and revise or exclude or add new ones as the need arises subject to
approval by the Commission.

43. Mickey Mouse, a Registered Criminologist tried to apply in PNP. Is he required to take the
qualifying exam? OPTIONAL
A. Yes, because he is not a priority
B. No, because of the privilege of being a Registered Criminologist
C. No, because of his backer
D. Yes, due to the fact that he is not qualified

44. What could be a reason for the cancellation of a temporary or special permit granted to a
foreign criminologist?
A. Failure to participate in voluntary training sessions.
B. Perpetration or use of fraud in obtaining the permit.
C. Engaging in a local community event.
D. Successfully completing a certification course.

45. Which scenario could result in the suspension of a criminologist's registration?

A. Conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude.
B. Regularly attending professional conferences.
C. Being a member of a professional criminology association.
D. Receiving feedback on their professional conduct from a peer review.

46. If a criminologist aids in the illegal practice of a non-registered criminologist, what could be
a consequence according to the regulations?
A. Receiving a formal reprimand.
B. Being required to attend additional training sessions.
C. Revocation or suspension of their certificate of registration.
D. Being placed on a probationary period.

47. Which of the following would not typically lead to the revocation or suspension of a
criminologist's registration?

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A. Addiction to drugs or alcohol impairing professional ability.

B. Noncompliance with CPD and AIPO requirements.
C. Participation in professional networking events.
D. Gross incompetence resulting in harm or damage

48. What is the Philippine Criminology Week?

A. Proclamation No. 397 nov 3 TO 9 7 DAYS
B. PD 968
C. R.A 7610
D. PD 603

49. According to Section 36 of R.A 11131, who is given preference for lateral entry into
positions such as Police, Fire, and Jail Inspectors?
A. Individuals with experience in private security companies.
B. Registered criminologists who are not in government service and meet the
general qualifications for appointment.
C. Persons who have completed a specific number of training courses in criminology.
D. Those who have volunteered in community-based crime prevention programs.

50. Which of the following positions is a registered criminologist exempt from needing
additional entrance or qualifying examinations for, according to Section 34 of R.A 11131?
A. Legal Advisor
B. Fire Marshall
C. Public Relations Officer
D. Human Resources Manager

“Amat Victoria Curam”

VICTORY LOVES PREPARATION

PAPASA!!! KASI CHAPS AKO!!!

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